Тёмный
ISCNY
ISCNY
ISCNY
Подписаться
The International Stamp Club of New York is an official affiliate of the American Philatelic Society since 1987. We have a zoom meeting the second, third and forth Saturday of each month at 10am. All are welcome to join us by clicking the link below. You can also find out more information about our in-person meetings on the first Saturday of each month by visiting our website at internationalstampclubnewyork.com/

Link to zoom meetings: us02web.zoom.us/j/88646168513


The French Colonial Navigation & Commerce Issues
23:36
5 месяцев назад
Remembering Presidents: U.S. Memorial Stamps
14:43
6 месяцев назад
Комментарии
@user-ri2ph4ep5h
@user-ri2ph4ep5h 2 часа назад
That is awesome!...and terrific that it's free. Wow! This made me wonder if would help with overprints that are difficult to make out. I just got stuck on a Japanese stamp with a smudged or double , bright blue overprint that could be from China, Borneo, etc. If I could even make out a couple characters, at least I could tell what language it is. Thanks for sharing this tool. I'll definitely check it out:)
@peibelmont
@peibelmont 59 минут назад
Yes, I knew I wanted to do a presentation on it as soon as Edward talked about it. It's so easy to use and as you point out free! Its tools like this that we should be supporting and sharing as stamp collectors!
@iscny
@iscny 51 минуту назад
The color filters and transformations could help bring out those hidden characters, giving you a better chance to identify the language or origin. Your example with the Japanese stamp is exactly the kind of challenge this tool can assist with. Definitely give it a try-I’d love to hear how it works out for you!
@randymoore4027
@randymoore4027 4 часа назад
“Station N. Branch” “MA” “May 14, ???? (Date) ???? (Time of day) @ end of Vid…
@peibelmont
@peibelmont 58 минут назад
Thank you for explaining to me what those smudges in the middle ware suppose to be and that it is M.A. and not MASS! As an amateur collector I appreciate you sharing your knowledge.
@adamhuffman3354
@adamhuffman3354 5 минут назад
You are NOT an amateur! You are a very pleasant philatelist! Absolutely fantastic video!🌝
@GreatStampAdventure
@GreatStampAdventure 8 часов назад
Fascinating history and stamps! The reach and influence of Vasco da Gama is impressive. It is the first time that I became aware of the full extend of the Portuguese colonies. Thank you for a great video!
@iscny
@iscny 52 минуты назад
Glad you enjoyed Phil's presentation! The history and reach of the Portuguese colonies is sometimes suprising considering they are such a small country. Thanks for watching!
@scotttraquair1581
@scotttraquair1581 День назад
At 7:12 GD = General Delivery perhaps?
@iscny
@iscny 21 час назад
Excellent suggestion. That would make sense. Thank you!!!
@adamhuffman3354
@adamhuffman3354 3 дня назад
Philately & Murder sounds like a title of a really good book! Maybe it should include John golden eagle DuPont as a main character. Great video as always 👍!
@iscny
@iscny 3 дня назад
@adamhuffman3354 haha, that would definitely make for a gripping read! The world of philately has its fair share of fascinating stories, and iot sounds like DuPont would be a great source for some intrigue. Glad you enjoyed the video-thanks for watching! Happy Collecting!"
@GreatStampAdventure
@GreatStampAdventure 3 дня назад
Interesting information! Thanks!
@iscny
@iscny 3 дня назад
Glad you found it interesting! Always great to have you along for the journey. 😊
@randymoore4027
@randymoore4027 4 дня назад
“W” could be for “Waterbury, Connecticut” (famous for its postmaster’s ‘fancy cancels’); early Postal Regulations prohibited using CDS as cancels directly on stamps…There exist many “socked-on-the-nose” different ‘Killers’ on Scott #65s and later issues (“Old Point Comfort, VA” postmarks were associated with Union Soldier Mail during the American Civil War); “Negative” numbers and Letter Killers can be an interesting study area as are all other postal markings (Aeroplanes, Slogans, Advertisements, Forts, Fairs, etc.)
@iscny
@iscny 3 дня назад
Thank you for this - it’s great information! As you point out, cancels are a fascinating subject to collect in their own right. We appreciate you sharing your knowledge with our fellow collectors!
@chrisfischer5937
@chrisfischer5937 8 дней назад
Great presentation! Thank you!
@iscny
@iscny 8 дней назад
Thanks, Chris! Always a pleasure to share these presentaitons.
@piratephilately1087
@piratephilately1087 9 дней назад
It was only after I became a stamp collector in my later years that I realized what explorers these Portuguese were. As a young man, I partied at the coast of Mombasa (Kenya) in the shadow of Fort Jesus, never paying attention to the likes of Vasco de Gama being there. As they say, "youth is wasted on the young" :) Now I will make it a point to go there and visit and learn more. Thank you for going into superb (and more importantly, interesting) detail on this mega power from that time.
@iscny
@iscny 8 дней назад
That must have been an incredible experience, youth or not! Fort Jesus and the history of Vasco da Gama are fascinating topics, and it's great that philately can act as a focal point for that interest. We hope you get the chance to visit Kenya again, but until then, those memories can certainly take you on some great armchair travels. So glad you enjoyed the presentation!
@GreatStampAdventure
@GreatStampAdventure 9 дней назад
Thanks for yet another interesting video. I really like Sam's collection. It is so lovely to see an entire complete collection of a country or place.
@iscny
@iscny 8 дней назад
And he only shows us the parts of his collection he thinks he can fit into a presentaiton. It's a vast collection and so we're really looking forward to seeing more installments of it. As you point out, its rare to see such complete world wide collections.
@GreatStampAdventure
@GreatStampAdventure 11 дней назад
... and informative discussion about disturbed gum.
@iscny
@iscny 8 дней назад
Yes, that's why we thought we'd leave it in the video but tuck it in at the end. It's little gems like that which are so useful for collecting.
@GreatStampAdventure
@GreatStampAdventure 11 дней назад
😆🙂
@adamhuffman3354
@adamhuffman3354 12 дней назад
If I could subscribe 1000 times I would! Great video 😇!
@iscny
@iscny 8 дней назад
Wow, that's high praise Adam! We'll try not to let it go to our heads, lol. We’re so glad you enjoyed it. Arnie is a such a wealth of information. We are lucky to have him.
@alioruc910
@alioruc910 12 дней назад
I watched it with subtitles. It was absolutely brilliant. I got very valuable information. Best regards from Istanbul. Ali
@iscny
@iscny 8 дней назад
Thank you so much, Ali! We're delighted to hear you enjoyed the video and found it valuable. Your continued support from Istanbul means a lot to us. Best regards from New York city and happy collecting!
@anthonykifawi
@anthonykifawi 13 дней назад
thank you for the Amazing and accurate video, great effort! The first Grand Liban stamps appeared in 1921 on French revenue stamps with the G.L. overprint, standing for Grand Liban
@iscny
@iscny 8 дней назад
Thank you for the positive feedback Anthony! We love to hear from our fellow collectors. That's fascinating about revenue stamps getting the G.L. overprint first. We're so glad you shared it!
@rengecko
@rengecko 13 дней назад
It's Bruce Licher
@iscny
@iscny 8 дней назад
Thank you for that correction! Yes, it was Bruce Licher (not Bob Licher) who created Savage Republic. A true original!
@alioruc910
@alioruc910 15 дней назад
Another wonderful video. Thanks for share. Best regards, Ali :)
@iscny
@iscny 14 дней назад
Glad you continue to find value in our presentations Ali! Appreciate your continuous support. Best regards from NYC!
@gasoreleons2728
@gasoreleons2728 17 дней назад
Non sense
@lancet.gundersonii9529
@lancet.gundersonii9529 18 дней назад
I’ll take a chase plated #10 or 11 any day ( on the back )
@iscny
@iscny 14 дней назад
Excellent point! In those rare stamps where the plating is difficult any information on the back of the stamp would be welcomed!
@lancet.gundersonii9529
@lancet.gundersonii9529 18 дней назад
Being a slave to the album I filled my first bank notes back in the early 80s at least the two cents ( only three types) Scott came out with new pages for 10a, 11a, 25a, and 26a I think the only type IV new page was on the 1898 revenue stamps with the IR Lance P.S. I have to look now. Thanks nice lecture
@iscny
@iscny 14 дней назад
Yes, its interesting that Brett et. al.'s publication definitvely demonstrating the Type IV came out in 1955 but it wasn't until the 1990s that Scott seems to have recognized them. Glad you enjoyed the presentation!
@lancet.gundersonii9529
@lancet.gundersonii9529 11 дней назад
I meant to wright 1st bureaus not bank note
@adamhuffman3354
@adamhuffman3354 21 день назад
Nike looks good in Greek! You guys never disappoint 😯!
@iscny
@iscny 20 дней назад
Thanks, Adam! Glad you enjoyed it. You’re right Nike is timeless is these stamps.
@jeffnewbery9414
@jeffnewbery9414 21 день назад
Another interesting episode. Thanks for sharing.
@iscny
@iscny 20 дней назад
Thanks, Jeff! Always appreciate your feedback. Hope you are enjoying the Olympics along with the stamps!
@markhoerner2354
@markhoerner2354 21 день назад
Thank you again! Going through some inherited collection material just the other night, I ran across this set and remembered this thumbnail. Great background info. At first I thought they were some 1950s Soviet style grotesquery. Then realized I was reviewing a 1939 standard Scott worldwide album. Ha ha.
@iscny
@iscny 20 дней назад
We love that you remembered Roger's presentation and went back to learn more about them. Those designs are wild for the 1930s, aren't they? Stamp collecting is full of these unexpected nuggets!
@alioruc910
@alioruc910 24 дня назад
Another useful video. I watched it with subtitles and enjoyed it very much.Thanks for sharing. With my sincere love from Istanbul. Ali
@iscny
@iscny 22 дня назад
Glad you enjoyed it, Ali! Greetings from us to Istanbul!
@PhillipStamps
@PhillipStamps 25 дней назад
Excellent presentation. I specialize in Morocco stamps. I have all the stamps MNH you mentioned. What is the value? Thank you
@iscny
@iscny 24 дня назад
Hi Phillip! We're glad you enjoyed the presentation. Having all those stamps in mint never hinged condition is impressive! Pricing collections like that is tricky. I know Sam would love to know what they are worth. Fricing collections like that can be tricky. Here are some suggestions for determining real-time value: Using eBay's advanced search options, search for the stamp or collection and click the box to show only sold items (key). This allows you to review recently bought examples for an estimated price. Additionally, consulting catalogs and estimating approximately 30% of the listed value can provide an idea of their worth.
@PhillipStamps
@PhillipStamps 24 дня назад
@@iscny Thank you. I imagine there is a premium for the entire sets of these stamps. It took me time to get it done.
@edwardsamson7233
@edwardsamson7233 27 дней назад
Allan - tour presentations are top notch,with maps and historical background you get clear picture of complicated philatelic history of that region. Well above average, glad I incidentally found your site. Edward
@iscny
@iscny 26 дней назад
We are so fortuante to have Allan share his presenations with us. We will be sure to pass this on to him! Thank you for the great feedback!!!
@adamhuffman3354
@adamhuffman3354 Месяц назад
Thanks so very much! Great information. You guys are golden!
@iscny
@iscny 29 дней назад
Adam, your feedback always makes our day!
@adamhuffman3354
@adamhuffman3354 Месяц назад
Greatly appreciate your work!
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Appreciate your kind words, Adam! Exploring these lesser known issues definitely add a new dimension to our collecting. Thanks for watching! Explore, Discover, Enjoy!
@alioruc910
@alioruc910 Месяц назад
You have touched on a very interesting subject. It was a subject I didn't know much about. It was a very useful and enjoyable sharing. Greetings to all collector friends from Istanbul.
@adamhuffman3354
@adamhuffman3354 Месяц назад
Yes I am not as familiar with these B.O.B issues either. This hobby wouldn’t be near as fun without the knowledge! Great 😊 video!!
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Thank you for your feedback! We're happy to hear you found Edward’s presentation informative and engaging. Warm greetings from our NYC team to you in Istanbul! May you find many treasures in your philately search!
@paricicpr
@paricicpr Месяц назад
Very interesting. I have several of these varieties, but will check my stock again to see if I might have some of the varieties that are not listed in the Unitrade catalog. Thanks again for the excellent video.
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
It's great to hear that you have several of these varieties! Best of luck as you comb through your stock for those unlisted ones. And thank you again for watching and happy collecting!!!
@billsweeney4785
@billsweeney4785 Месяц назад
awesome channel and very informative info. thank you.
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Thank you, Bill! Your support means a lot to us. Keep watching and happy collecting!
@adamhuffman3354
@adamhuffman3354 Месяц назад
ISCNY, you folks are really terrific. Your channel is the “meat and potatoes “ of philatelic research 🧐! Can’t thank you enough for your work! Always thoroughly enjoyed!
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Thank you for the kind words @adamhuffman3354! Its feedback like this that inspires us to keep making content. Stamp collecting can be a solitary activity, so hearing from other collectors like yourself really makes all the difference.
@alioruc910
@alioruc910 Месяц назад
A very enjoyable and enlightening video. Thank you for sharing. Regards from Istanbul
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Thanks for your ongoing support, @alioruc910! We're glad you enjoyed the presentation. Your engagement helps keep us motivated to keep going! 🙂🙏
@GreatStampAdventure
@GreatStampAdventure Месяц назад
Thank you very much for the presentation, Sam, and thanks ISCNY for facilitating it. I enjoyed the presentation tremendously, because I am a South African, but the stamps of Basutoland were largely unknown to me. I learned a lot. I really enjoy the presentations brought by ISCNY tremendously. Thanks again!
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Thank you for the kind words! We're glad you enjoyed Sam's presentation on Basutoland stamps. It's especially wonderful to hear that it resonated with you as a South African. Stay tuned for more presentations! I've got a backlog to catch up on. Keep on stamping!
@MarcHof-pt5ey
@MarcHof-pt5ey Месяц назад
Great history lesson!
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Thanks for the encouraging feedback! Roger really pulls out a lot of background history knowledge for these presentations. So glad you enjoyed it. Happy collecting!
@user-ri2ph4ep5h
@user-ri2ph4ep5h Месяц назад
Thank you SO much for making these videos! I always learn a lot and they really spark interest in countries I never knew much about. I think they are rather attractive stamps, and I’m going to go check if I have any of those in my Scott albums. I always look forward to these videos. They are awesome! Thanks again!😊
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Thank you for your enthusiastic feedback! It's great to hear that our videos have sparked your interest and helped you learn about new countries. Best of luck finding those stamps in your albumn and if you don't have any then you know to keep your eye open for them! May the stamp legacy continue! 😊
@adamhuffman3354
@adamhuffman3354 Месяц назад
Great great 😊 video guys! This is why I love this hobby so much. It’s like recorded history that anyone can have in their collection. A curator of your own museum!
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Thank you so much! We're glad you enjoyed Allan's presentation. Stamp collecting really is about holding pieces of history in your hand. It's great to see your passion for the hobby. Happy Collecting! 😊
@stephenogier7499
@stephenogier7499 Месяц назад
It may be worth noting that especially for the King George VI definitives, there are a lot of perforation varieties.
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Great point!
@stephenogier7499
@stephenogier7499 Месяц назад
A nice video showcasing the stamps of Kenya, Uganda and Tanganyika. Below are a few notes that may be interesting. 07:23 The 30c and 5/- Jinja Bridge stamps have a design flaw in the King George V issue in that the road part of the bridge is missing on the left-hand side. This flaw was corrected in the King George VI issue. 09:49 Kilimanjaro doesn't mean Kaiser's Mountain. It actually means Mountain of God from kilima meaning mountain and Njaro meaning God. Interestingly, Kenya, which was named after Mount Kenya also means Mountain of God derived from a mispronunciation of Kiri Nyaga. The tribespeople who were escorting the Europeans around were from a different area and they didn't have r and g sounds in their language, so Kiri became Kii and Nyaga became Nyaa Kii+Nyaa = Kiinyaa and so Kenya. 10:54 An error also exists on some of the 70c on 1/- values of the South African overprint stamps in that on one stamp in each sheet there is a bracket to the right of 70c and Kenya. 10:57 They are usually referred to as the Victory issue rather than the Peace issue. 11:37 The only stamps issued for King Edward VIII were from Great Britain. This issue was however overprinted for such places as the Morocco Agencies, etc. but there were no other original stamps issued for the British colonies, territories and other possessions. Some were produced but never issued.
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
This is gold! Thank you so much for sharing this information and these corrections @stephenogier7499 so that our fellow collectors can benefit. The design flaw on the Jinja Bridge stamp and the true meaning of Kilimanjaro are particularly interesting. This information is valuable for any collector of the region. We love this sort of engagement and education. Happy collecting!
@GreatStampAdventure
@GreatStampAdventure Месяц назад
Thanks again for a great video that explains the printing process very well. May I please ask a stupid question? Is "Offset Lithograph" the same as just "Lithograph" - the first being a more accurate term? Or does one also get another Lithograph stamp printing than "Offset"?
@arniejanson2216
@arniejanson2216 Месяц назад
Hi. Thanks for the compliments, glad you enjoyed it. There is a big difference between ordinary lithography and offset lithography. In ordinary lithography, the ink and water are applied to the printing plate and then the paper is pressed onto the plate. Very simple, & straightforward. In offset lithography, the ink and water are applied to the printing plate and, after excess ink is removed by a wiper, the ink only is transferred to an oleophilic (likes oil-based inks and not water) intermediate roller (typically called the transfer roller or offset roller) and this intermediate roller applies the ink to the paper. Explanation is the video starts at 1:43. Lots of advantages with offset lithography so all modern stamps would be printed by offset lithography. The most obvious is that with ordinary lithography, the image on the printing plate has be a reverse image (I.e. backwards) while in offset lithography, the image on the printing plate is the same as the final stamp image. That is because it is reversed when the image is applied to the transfer roller - and reversed again (back to the original) when the transfer roller apples the ink to the paper. Another advantage is that quicker drying inks can be used and the printing plate life is longer because it only contacts the rubber offset roller and not the paper. If you have more questions, please do not hesitate to ask. Arnie Janson
@GreatStampAdventure
@GreatStampAdventure Месяц назад
@@arniejanson2216 Hi Arnie, thanks tremendously for the explanation about offset and ordinary lithography!!!!! I am learning so much! It is important to get on top of the different printing methods when working with stamps! Thanks again!
@markhoerner2354
@markhoerner2354 Месяц назад
Thank you for the detailed information for collectors. I find myself searching/buying many of the stamps/countries featured in your posts. The background and history of stamps is what makes the hobby endlessly interesting. Keep up the good work!
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
We’re so glad you found our channel and are enjoying the presentations! You're in good company-many of us are finding a new appreciation and desire to collect these stamps after watching the presentations. Stay tuned for Parts 3 and 4 of Allan’s series on early Middle East stamps - they are coming soon! In the meantime, we wish you the best of luck in your hunt for stamps and in the joy of collecting.
@kymjohnthorburn6044
@kymjohnthorburn6044 Месяц назад
Australia has rare Edward VIII issued stamps that were not destroyed due to his abdication.
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Wow, that is great information! They must be rare indeed! Thank you for sharing. I will be sure to pass that on to the club.
@adamhuffman3354
@adamhuffman3354 Месяц назад
Great video about printing and perfect timing as the USPS just released a neat set with the multiple printing press sheets. The underground rail road PORTFOLIO 💼! And it’s cheap! Thanks guys!
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
What a great tie-in to this presentation @adamhuffman3354! The new USPS underground railroad set was produced by offset lithography and is a great set to collect from a design, manufacturing and historical perspective. Thanks for the heads up! May you continue to explore, discover and enjoy!
@GreatStampAdventure
@GreatStampAdventure Месяц назад
Great presentation! Wow, Hungary, like so many other East European countries had such a complicated and interesting history. I really enjoyed this interesting video, and I loved those "caricature" stamps. Thanks!
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Thanks, @GreatStampAdventure! We're glad you enjoyed the presentation. Hungary's history is fascinating and we appreciate Roger drawing our attention to these truly distinctive set. Something to keep an eye out for. That’s part of the fun with stamps - there is always something to keep an eye out for. The fun is in the search!
@GreatStampAdventure
@GreatStampAdventure Месяц назад
Interesting!
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Arnie always has these fascinating rabbit holes he discovers and goes down. Glad you enjoyed it!
@adamhuffman3354
@adamhuffman3354 Месяц назад
Very nice 👍!
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Thanks for the feedback! It keeps us motivated to keep posting so stay tuned . Happy collecting.
@GreatStampAdventure
@GreatStampAdventure Месяц назад
Sam, thank you for an interesting presentation showing your KUT stamps and the information you shared with them. I really enjoyed it to see the entire collection and to learn something about the geography and history of these countries. The stamps are a beautiful mix of African animals and landscapes and monarchs. ISCNY, thank you for bringing the talk to us.
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Thank you so much for your kind feedback! We’ll be sure to pass this on to Sam. He has a truly stunning collection and we’re very grateful to him for sharing it with us. The pandemic forced us to begin these virtual stamp club meetings and we have continued them as we all enjoy the opportunity to explore each other’s collection up close in and in detail. Schlepping our collections to the in-person meetings in New York City is no easy feat and so it is only through these presentations that we begin to appreciate the depth and beauty of our fellow philatelists’ collections. Luckily Sam’s collection is vast and so there will be more presentations to come!
@jeffnewbery7376
@jeffnewbery7376 Месяц назад
Great presentation, very informative.
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Glad you enjoyed it!
@user-ri2ph4ep5h
@user-ri2ph4ep5h Месяц назад
Thanks for another informative video 😊. I’ve got tons of Hungarian stamps, but I don’t think I have those. I’ll have to keep my eyes peeled at the next stamp show. They are a lot more interesting than the prior ones.
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
We're glad you found the video informative. These Hungarian stamps certainly are distinctive. Best of luck tracking them down at your next stamp show! Happy hunting!
@danielste-marie779
@danielste-marie779 Месяц назад
There are in fact three ethnic groups in Rwanda, the Hutu who represent the majority, then there are the Tutsi and finally the Twa (pigmies) which only represent about 1% of the population. Rwanda is a beautiful country with a rich culture. Back in 2000 I spent 9 weeks there as a war crimes investigator. Rwanda is known as the country of a thousand hills. It is also where Diane Fossey, the well known and respect expert on the mountain gorilla was murdered.
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
Thank you so much for sharing your insights, experiences and informing us about the Twa people. It’s impressive to hear about your time spent in Rwanda and in particular your professional work as a war crimes investigator! That must have been an excruciatingly difficult job and we thank you for it. We wholeheartedly agree that Rwanda is a beautiful country with a rich culture and fascinating history. It's always wonderful to learn from those who have personal connections to the places we explore in our presentations. Thank you for adding this valuable context to the discussion.
@danielste-marie779
@danielste-marie779 Месяц назад
Thanks for your comments. Yes the investigations in Rwanda were indeed difficult for a number of reasons. They were very emotionally draining especially after interviewing the hundreds of victims who suffered so much both physically and emotionally. Most suffered with PTSD and intergenerational trauma. It should be also remembered that many Hutu were victims, especially in the south in and around the city of Butare near the border with Burundi.
@iscny
@iscny Месяц назад
The club was fascinated to hear about your experience as a war crimes investigator. Were you familiar with the area before going? Is this something you trained for and was part of your job? The work that you did there was so critical in documenting what actually happened. We all want to thank you and commend you for it.
@danielste-marie779
@danielste-marie779 Месяц назад
Prior to going to Rwanda in 2000, I had some limited knowledge of their history and culture as I read a number of books and papers by Dian Fossey and her work with the Mountain Gorillas in Rwanda and of course through the news of the events during the Genocide. At the time that I went I was a Member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The Mounties have a special Unit called the War Crimes Unit based in Ottawa, Ontario. One of our mandates was to investigate allegations that certain Rwandans living in Canada had participated in the Genocide and if there was sufficient evidence bring them to justice in Canada. Which we did with the case of Desire Munyaneza who was the first person convicted in Canada of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity.Prior to going to Rwanda I spent a great deal of time reading anything I could my hands on about the history and events in 1994 as well as interviewing Rwandans living in Canada. These were difficult investigations for a number of reasons.