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@@TheChemEngStudent yup i thought so, cuz its definitely not american nor aussie. and accentts like canadian, south african and new zealander tend to be clear and not too distinct like welsh, scottish and irish!
Thank you, it would be great if someone will summarize all this physics laws to make a cheat sheet for building heating problem. I guess if I know all that I would not loose about 130-180kw/h every hour in winter. Green life start from understanding how physics work. And there are millions of people who loose money and emit co2 just because they do not know.
We can certainly look at putting something together, great recommendation! You are definatley on to something, once you understand physics you have a different perspective on the world, and this would certainly benefit everyones pockets!
We can make this assumption when we consider the overall balance that is to say that both n2 and n4 can be grouped to represent the "top product" leaving the entire system. This is only applicable for the overall, this wouldn't apply to the individual unit operations balance. I hope that makes sense and thank you for watching!
Nice video, thanks for sharing. One small comment if I may. We cannot assume delta t = 0, as that would involve division by zero. Taking a derivative wrt time is a limiting process whereby delta t is allowed to approach zero, but not to be zero.
As it is Non-Newtonian you need to identify a suitable model that you can extract the reliable physical properties from. Then we need to know the flow regime using Reynolds, identify the suitable shear stress formula. One to potentially use is... gamma = (4.Q/pi.r^3). The actual equations however will vary depending on the model used i.e. Bingham, Herschel-Bulkley, Cross, etc. I hope this helps, and thanks for watching!
@@josegabrielhernandezaguirr5267 There are a lot of great books on this, I have attached a copy of our course descriptor which gives you a list of the books used for making this content. I hope this helps. If you need anything else please just get in touch! www.chemengstudent.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Fluid-Dynamics-Mechanics-Course-Descriptor.pdf
That's a really interesting question! The key linkage here is in the use of Grashof number as the Rayleigh number is equal to multiplication of Prandtl and Grashof. Prandtl explains the thermal diffusivity whereas Grashof explains the buoyancy and viscosity. These combined can then be approximated to Nusselt number which explains the heat transfer effects. There are numerous correlations based on flow type, and geometric confinement. I hope this helps, thank you for watching!
Nice video. Thank you for making it. I have a question about the "Biomass yield from substrate = 0.52 g/g". When I use that I get a different number for cells: 1000L x 40 g/L = 40,000 g meth. 98% conversion means 39,200 g of meth consumed. With a biomass yield rate of 0.52 g/g we would get 20, 384 g of cells. Why the discrepancy? Thanks!
when you say you take the basis as ethanol, we consider all the equations based on ethanol balance right? and even if we were to have taken water too, the relation of the sum of mole fractions being one would have then kept the DOF the exact same right? Final question could you suggest a book for learning process modelling and simulation please? Thankyou.
Yes since we have a binary mixture the data is inherantly known; if there was more than two species then this might not be valid; however in this case you are correct! A good book I have used in the past is "Process Modelling & Simulation in Chemical, Biochemical & Environmental Engineering", this is a link for your reference. Thank you for watching and I hope this helps! amzn.to/3XOLTC1
You messed up several Things in the energy balance. You say ΔΗrxn. In what temperature Tref Tin or Tout? You just copy paste you don’t understand what you are doing
I'm sorry you feel that way, however I am not sure I understand what you mean. As I am sure you are aware the nomenclature for carrying out these balances can vary, and so this is my preferred method. In regard to the temperature points I don't fully know why you mean as following the systematic process it does make sense. I would ask you to please reframe from derogative statements on this channel. If you would like to discuss things further, please do send me an email and I would be happy to speak further on this.
The number of knowns can be extracted directly from the question, however, as this is a binary system we can use this to our advantage since if we know the mole fraction of species A then we know the mole fraction of species B would be 1- A. I hope this helps, and thanks for watching!
Grer video but i havr a question, in the 2 unit system when taking the number of knowns in the overall balance, why isnt it 3 instead of 2, i mean there's 100 moles, 10 moles and 70 moles...
Thank you for your kind words! In the second example, with the overall balance there is three knowns, it might be because it has been written as "2 balances, n2 = n4" this means 2 balances and 1 relationship between the top products i.e. a total of 3 knowns. I hope this helps, and thanks again for watching!
Thank you for your video. This is really helped me. But I'm still confused at the reflux part, if we want to design distillation using this method are we decided the number of reflux by ourself? Or there is a rule for that?
Thank you for your kind words! Typically within the design stage we can decide upon the reflux ratio prior to the design. If our target values aren't met then we can revise. It's usually best to go for a reflux of 1 as an initial guess, unless you have other information based on product quaility/purity. I hope this helps!
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Attention: At 11:32 the X in exponential growth equations is not the same X in the biomass equation. In biomass equation, X is the total celullar mass in the bioreactor, e.g. , kg of biomass, while in exponential growth equation, X is the biomass concentration, e.g., kg/m3.
Thank you for your feedback, I understand what you are referring to, however in this case the X term is indicative of biomass weight and not as a concentration. A similar empirical equation can be used to deduce the relative concentration, but in this case, it is simply the weight of biomass. But certainly, if you would like to discuss further, please do get in touch. Thanks again for watching, much appreciated!
Wow. Great video, very helpful. Do we find Umax by measuring the slope of the growth curve during the exponetial phase? If so, is this the same value we'd use for designing a continuous bioreactor using the same organism? For a given organism is Umax mostly independant of nutrient / substrate initial concentration? Does starting with more nutrient change the slope of the growth curve or does it just extend the duration of the exponential phase? Do you have any content related to continuous bio-reactors? Thank You!! Sub'd. :)
Thank you for your kind words and for subscribing, much appreciated! Yes, Umax can be determined experimentally since you will monitor the growth periodically, you can deduce at which point the maximum growth rate occurs. Bioreactors typically don't run in continuous systems given there is a prolonged period required, unless the organisms are pre-cultivated beforehand to the design would be the same. Some variation occurs when using heterotrophic systems such as fermenters. This point really depends upon what variables/factors you intend on varying to establish if there are correlations between say nutrient concentration and growth rate. These would need to be carried out experimentally. Typically, from my experience different organisms will respond differently to nutrient starvation or surplus and so it is highly dependent upon the organism as well. I will be releasing more videos soon on other types of bioreactors so we can add in continuous systems for you certainly! I hope I have answered all your questions.
Hi! I think the formula for Gr is missing a squared term for density in the numerator. Alternatively, the viscosity term in the denominator should be the kinematic viscosity.
Thank you for your comment. In Grashoff No. there is no density term if the kinematic viscosity is used which shouldn't be represented by Mu thank you for spotting this, in this particular version it should be upsilon for the kinematic viscosity. Much appreciated for your feedback!
Question: How do you calculate a Temperarure From Tinfinitive 1 to T1 respecto to de distance, means, at 0.5mm of the T1 surface what is the temperature? Thank you!
There are several ways of doing this, and it depends on the information provided/known. The easiest is using the equation Q=hA(deltaT), whereby you can express deltaT as Tinf - T1, since we know Q and h the only unknown is T1. An alternative is to reverse engineer the equations in this video if we know the thermal resistance, however it would need to be the convective resistance. The video on Fourier's Law provides an additional explanation to this mechanism. ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-Xl1R243QF_o.html
I used Buckingham's pi method and I got Prandtl, Nusselt and Reynolds number. Firstly thank you very much for providing free dimensionless analysis course. What I wonder is that how did one define their applications? For example we know that Reynolds number shows the types of flow or Prandtl number shows which diffusivity dominates. How did they come to those conclusions ? Because from derivations I can't see that)) I only proved mathematically.
Thank you for your kind words, glad you enjoyed the course. This is a great question, the assignment of each number was based on decades of observations, physical and empirical tests whereby, using a fundamental approach such as the Buckingham pi method the groups derived were then put through a series of tests in a wide range of applications, and only after the empirical predictions aligned with the observed behaviour could they state that for example Reynolds was applicable to fluid flow behaviour, whereas Nusselt provided details on heat transfer effects. I hope this answers your question, thanks again for watching!
Hi, i really wish you have outlined how the top and bottom temperatures where obtained and actually shown by example how the relative volatilities where obtained from the depreister charts . most examples do not really explain these points.
Thank you for your suggestion, we will look at creating a depreister chart specific video. We do have a relative volatility tutorial from an equation and modelling perspective. Thanks again for watching!
Yes you are right, another good reference text! It didnt make the top 5 on our list of student we spoke to, however it is certainly a good one to have. Thank you for your comment!
I never comment on videos , but I feel i HAVE to comment on this one. Goodness this man took a great weight off of my shoulders. I wanted to be a surgeon, I am going into chem eng this year without much about it, and I also don't have a background in physics but I am so excited for the challenges ahead now. Thanks so much! appreciate it.
Thank you for your kind words! Amazing to hear you are starting your Chemical Engineering journey, I wish you the very best, if you need any advice or support, please don't hesitate to reach out, always happy to help!
Thank you for your kind words. Yes you are correct, I miss-spoke during this tutorial and made a slight error in the wording of the question. Thank you for highlighting this and for watching, much appreciated!
