In Britain from 1800 to 1900. 20,000 Waterwheels decreased in number. Windmills decreased in number. The Englishman Thomas Newcomen's 1,500 Atmospheric Pumps disappeared. The Scotsman James Watt's 500 Steam Engines and their descendants increased in number to 10,000,000 !!! So for every SINGLE Waterwheel in 1800, we now had 500 James Watt Steam Engines and their descendants in 1900 !!! The Power output and Productive capacity for the whole country increased by 500 times !!! This WAS the Industrial Revolution, and it was all kicked off by only one single Invention. James Watt's Invention of the world's first PRACTICAL Steam Powered Engine!
There were 4 large loco an carriage works in Spring burn - Cowlair, Hyde Park, Atlas and St Rollox. There are some photos on railscot co.uk and I think some published books have photos. Many of these will be copyright protected and cannot be published online.
Thanks for this great posting, when I was at secondary school our class was taken to the locomotive works at this point while still operating it had the appearance of decline.
Enjoyed your video but would like to point something out. The Monkland Canal terminated at the junction of Castle Street & Alexandra Parade. The section of canal between there & Port Dundas - called the "Cut of Junction" - was neither part of the Forth & Clyde or Monkland Canals. The Glasgow Branch of the Forth & Clyde ran from Stockingfield Junction to Port Dundas. Hope you don't mind my saying !
@RossMaynardProcessExcellence the Cut of Junction was built after the other two canals. One of the reasons was to use the Monkland as a water supply for the Forth & Clyde - which it still does via the pipes under the M8 (which was originally called the Monkland Motorway).
Hi. Actually, geared steam turbines on ships ARE reversing, although at much lower power than in forward. A few spools are included for reversing, and these must be evacuated during normal operation so as to reduce windage from the reverse spools. Turbine-electric units ought to be similar in operation to diesel-electric units. Basically, steam is a nuisance to deal with except for large, stationary power plants, where their use is still common.
Mmm. You'd have to experiment. You can insert an audio file into a PowerPoint and set it up to play. The question is could you get it to automatically scroll through the slides at the right points? I suppose you could advance them manually when you hear the audio get to the right point. If you want the presentation to advance automatically with the audio playing I think you would have to "record" the presentation with the audio playing, advancing the slides yourself and then export it as an MP4 - which is basically what I demonstrated in the video.
The exception is the m3t class used by TGOJ in Sweden I think. Three were built between 1930 and 1936 and were used to haul iron ore. They were withdrawn from service in the 1950s when the line was electrified. The locomotives were placed in Sweden's strategical steam reserve and thanks to that all three survive and one of them was used to haul the last ore train when the mine shut down in 1990 (video of it is available on RU-vid).
One of them is still in working condition and is currently undergoing maintenance. Unfortunately, the railway museum which the M3ts are stored is mare akin to a scrapyard than a museum. Really interesting place really, you can find old SL (Stockholm commuter rail) rolling stock rotting alongside E2s. Grängesberg, the dying mining town which the museum lays is otherwise uninteresting, except for an annual motor show.
Steam turbines both on board ships and in stationary power plant service operate in clean engine rooms at a near constant speed. Both can also use condensers at the turbine exhaust to lower the pressure of the exhaust down to near zero, making steam turbines even more efficient. And both use high pressure water tube boilers instead of the fire tube boilers used by most steam locomotives, which enables them to reach steam pressures much above the 500 PSI max of steam locomotives (the only exception being a handful of water tube boiler equipped but otherwise conventional steam locomotives.) That makes them even more efficient. The two 1939 GE steam turbine locomotives built for the UP, the ones built for the C&O, and the "Jawn Henry" for the Norfolk and Western Railway were all basically steam-electric power plants on rails, like their marine and power plant cousins. The UP steam turbine locomotives were even equipped with condensers. But, as pointed out in the video, these power plants were more complicated and more fragile than a convention steam locomotive or even a diesel locomotive. They were could not coup with the hard coupling, start-stop, and dirty life a locomotive leads. They also had problems with ash and soot from the boiler getting into and shorting out the traction motors. Their added expense and reliability issues outweighed any performance benefits gained, which is why all were scrapped in just five years or less. There was a serious study put together in the 1950s for a nuclear-powered locomotive which would have replaced the boiler with a tiny nuclear reactor surrounded by tons of lead shielding. It would have powered a steam turbine, and what looked like a B unit behind it was in fact a condenser. It promised a power rating of about 10,000 HP which interested railroads like the UP, but the million-dollar estimated cost for each locomotive, combined with handling the nuclear fuel (weapons grade uranium mixed with sulfuric acid) resulted in it never getting past a paper study. I have a video about it on my channel.
As a designer with a deep interest in steam locomotion, i actually have a side project designing and making a working scale model of a team turbomotive locomotive, styled in streamline moderne. I even tried out a few ideas to solve the low speed inefficiency of the turbine
James Watt didn't improve Newcomen's atmospheric engine (which supplied atmospheric power). He improved his own engine (which supplied steam power) with an optional separate condenser. It could work without a codenser. Newcomen's engine was an atmospheric engine. Even at 100% efficiency it would only provide a maximum of 14.7psi of air pressure Watt's engine was a steam engine. It provided a lot more power and, for the first time, could provide rotory power. It was the one and only invention that created the industrial revolution. It was a power revolution. Watt dumped Newcomen's atmospheric power for steam power, and made it work for the first time in history. Watt invented the first practical steam engine.
Newcomen's engine used atmospheric power. It didn't use low pressure steam, it used no - pressure steam! Watt's engine supplied high pressure steam power. The world's first practical steam engine. I fail to see the difference between high and low pressure steam! They're all steam engines! Watt couldn't do everything, he was long gone before we had a practical locomotive. But he kicked everything off! Steam pushed out the air in the cylinder? Steam pushed the piston down the cylinder! A locomotive is a Watt engine on wheels! The vacuum didn't draw the piston down, steam pressure pushed it down! Like atmospheric pressure pushed Newcomen's piston down! On a visit to the Boulton and Watt factory, Trevithick's grandfather pinched a Watt diagram. They had to demand it back again! Newcomen had nothing to do with the invention of Watt's steam engine.
Newcomen's Atmospheric Pump didn't supply Steam Power, it supplied Atmospheric Power. Watt's engine supplied High Pressure Steam Power, ( there's an Industrial Revolution's worth of difference ). You forgot to mention Watt's dumping of Newcomen's Atmospheric Power and Arkwright's Water-Power for High Pressure Steam Power! Newcomen's steam engine didn't exist, it was an Atmospheric Pump, it couldn't supply rotary motion and had a limit of 10psi of air pressure. It could only pump. In all the videos I've watched, the change from Newcomen's Atmospheric Power and Arkwright's Water-Power to Watt's High Pressure Steam Power is strangely absent. And, surprise surprise, even in this one! There's nothing complicated about it, but it's never mentioned. The crucial change! The most complicated part is building an engine to supply High Pressure Steam Power, and Watt did that. He invented the first PRACTICAL High Pressure Steam Engine! And created the Industrial Revolution.
I agree with your distinction. However, I was trying to create an understandable script for the layperson which resulted in me avoiding technical complexity in favour of a straightforward narrative. That is probably true of other developments covered in the videos.
Newcomen's machine was designed and built to supply Atmospheric Power. Watt's machine was designed and built to supply Steam Power. That's the big difference between them, yet it's never mentioned. They are two different machines, so they shouldn't have the same name. What's wrong with Atmospheric engine and Steam engine, seems pretty logical to me. I guess when it comes to the Invention of the Steam Engine, and the Industrial Revolution, logic goes out the window? There's an Industrial Revolution's worth of difference between Newcomen's Atmospheric engine and Watt's Steam engine. The Steam Engine WAS the Industrial Revolution. I'm pretty sure now it basically boiles down to nationality.@RossMaynardProcessExcellence
I imagine weight and cost would be the main issues. A loco with two engines would be huge and probably too heavy for the tracks. It would also cost a lot more than a standard engine. Also, steam turbines were coming on the scene just as diesel engines were being developed and diesel wins on cost, flexibility and maintenance.
Hybrid nice idea.. Can we eliminate coal! The hammer blow on the railroad gets eliminated with the connecting rods gone.. Correct me if I'm wrong.. High Pressure steam operates the turbine.. Once this steam exits the turbine it's low pressure. Is the low pressure steam utilised or wasted? What will be the power to weight ratio? Can there not be a system wherein the well utilised steam exit to the tender back as water?
@@babubabusapalya1526 The GE steam turbine locomotives built for the Union Pacific in 1939 was pretty much what you described. They had a condenser built into the rear of the locomotive, so the efficiency of the turbine could be improved, and the water reused. But such a complicated powerplant was extremely difficult to keep running in the harsh environment that locomotives run in; so bad that the Union Pacific gave up on them after only a year. The Northern Pacific (I think) operated them for a few years more because of motive power shortages during World War II; but got rid them as quick as they could, even though the GE techs that rode with them got many of the bugs ironed out. They just could not compete both in terms of maintenance cost and reliability with even the early diesel locomotives; they would have a harder time competing with today's even more efficient and reliable diesels. And now that the world is moving away from coal, and the cost of coal fired generation is higher that natural gas; it would make for a very hard sell.
Ross, I have 12 slides and 12 .wav files, 1 for each slide. Is there a way to import the audio for each slide and have the slide automatically advance (transition) when the audio playback of each slide finishes? I guess I could use Audacity to concatenate all the 12 audio files into 1 mega file, but then I have to go through the hassle of trying to perfectly time the slide advance manually. What Microsoft should do is on the audio recording menu, there should be an option to "import audio from a file" for each slide - but I guess they didn't think about that. Any ideas?
Hi Chris, this is something I have never tried before so what I am suggesting is a complete experiment. You can insert audio into each slide, so I would do that. Put each WAV file into its respective slide and select "play automatically" in the audio options. You then need to set up the slide show to move through each slide automatically by setting up the timer between each slide. The problem is that you need to set the interval for each slide to slightly longer than the audio needs to play. That will likely take some trial and error and ,personally, I think that would be more hassle than combining the audio into one file in Audacity and doing the manual slide advance. I know it's a chore but it is probably the easiest way. Good luck!
@@RossMaynardProcessExcellence That is what I did, except I set the manual advance to be zero seconds, but maybe that automatically invalidated the auto-advance, I don't know. I will try now with a manual advance to be slightly longer than the audio and see if that works. I cannot understand why Microsoft cannot just set it up to be event-driven, e.g. as soon as the audio stops playing, the slide advances. OK, I will try to put in a real slide advance number and see what happens.
@@RossMaynardProcessExcellence through trial and error I found the solution. I also discovered that the sequence of events makes a big difference. - start with a slide deck without any audio. If the deck already has audio, deleting the audio doesn't work 100% and the slide deck gets "stuck" - so always save an audio-free version for future edits, etc. - first thing is to go to "Transitions", "Advance Slide", uncheck "On Mouse Click" to ensure it runs by itself, I set "After" to 2 seconds, then clicked on "Apply to All" (I learned through trial and error that the slide will first play the audio fully before moving on, even if the entered duration is less (maybe a Microsoft bug, but that's how it works for me) - then I tested in presentation mode to confirm the slides advance without mouse clicks, etc. - If you make any errors, I learned that you cannot fix them (Microsoft bug), so you have to start over and thus always keep an unedited deck without audio as a new starting point - then add each WAV file to each slide without making any errors. If you make an error, Microsoft cannot backtrack correctly (Microsoft bug), so you have to start over. - click on "Insert", "Audio" (in the Media submenu), "Audio on My PC...", select the right WAV file for the slide you are adding audio to - and that causes a new menu to appear called "Playback" - and in the Playback menu make sure to click "Hide During Show", and change "Start: In Click Sequence" to "Start: Automatically". At this point the 2 options under "Audio Styles ("No Style", "Play in Background") neither should be enabled - continue through all the slides and all the WAV files. If you make any error, you have to start all over from the beginning due to Microsoft bugs that don't allow proper removal of audio and re-importing the audio. Doing so will cause the auto-advance to stop working with no explanation. - Here is the one I created: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-6R_585NWPNk.html
@@ChrisCavigioli2 Amazing Chris! Well done for sticking with it. There should be a Nobel Prize for PowerPoint and it would go to you. I'll watch your video later
I am not a steam engineer so cannot fully answer your question. However, I think the answer would depend on the size of the engine. Steam pistons can work at relatively low pressures as in Newcomen's and Watt's low pressure engines. A steam turbine requires high pressure steam. In short then, my view is that a turbine generally needs higher pressure steam.
I would assume steam turbine locomotive would require more steam pressure to run, for steam turbines are very poor at low speeds and go through fuel like it’s nothing. However if the steam turbine goes higher speeds than it doesn’t consume a lot of fuel, but when it comes to railroads trains are going to have to be slow enough to the point of turbines not being useful.
Can i suggest.... Let the turbine run at its own speed can we not regulate it through gears for starters, then research on whether they can under low pressure giving out the same torque... I am not a qualified engineer though...also making sure they be able to pull at the least 25 carriages...
So nothing to do with gaslighting, closing of ranks, and or, wilfull negligence then?? Just completely the same old narssistic lack of accountability by a really unprofessional, murderous, Orwellian control freak healthcare system that is putting personal grievances before patient care?! Diabolical charlatans that can only mean one thing: the Nhs is not fit for purpose and is completely Fascist! I've witnessed what these incompetent charlatans stand for?! It should send chills down peoples spine regarding the extent of Evil that exists within this poxy institution?!
Thanks for posting. My Great Grandfather was an apprentice at the Hyde Park Works. In 1912, He with many other Scots Engineers went to South America and helped design and build the South American and Argentine Railway Systems. He became one of the Head Engineers in Buenos Aries..Then came back to Scotland to retire.
