Thanks for reaching out! Here are the full citations for those references. Please let us know if you have any more questions! Wang, T.J., Baek, S.W., Lee, S.Y., Kang, D.H., and Yeo, G.K., “Experimental Investigation on Evaporation of Urea-Water-Solution Droplet for SCR Applications,” AIChE Journal, 55(12), 3267-3276, 2009. DOI: 10.1002/aic.11939 Kim, J.Y, Ryu, S.H., and Ha, J.S., “Numerical Prediction on the Characteristics of Spray-Induced Mixing and Thermal Decomposition of Urea Solution in SCR System,” ASME 2004 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, ICEF2004-0889, Long Beach, CA, United States, Oct 24-27, 2004. DOI: 10.1115/ICEF2004-0889 Birkhold, F., Meingast, U., Wassermann, P., and Deutschmann, O., "Analysis of the Injection of Urea-Water-Solution for Automotive SCR DeNOx-Systems: Modeling of Two-Phase Flow and Spray/Wall-Interaction," SAE Paper 2006-01-0643, 2006. DOI: 10.4271/2006-01-0643. Abidin, Z., Das, K., and Roberts, C., “3D-Semi 1D Coupling for a Complete Simulation of an SCR System,” SAE Paper 2013-01-1575, 2013. DOI: 10.4271/2013-01-1575

Hi James, thanks for your question! We do offer free licensing options through our CONVERGE Academic and Explore Programs. If you’re interested in obtaining a license, please reach out to us through the contact form on our website, and we can get you set up: convergecfd.com/about/contact-us

Thanks for the suggestion, we appreciate your feedback! We will continue to add more tutorial videos, so be sure to check back in the future. We also regularly offer training both online and in person on a wide variety of topics - you can see the upcoming training schedule on our website: convergecfd.com/training

Hi, thanks for your question! To make sure we can answer correctly, could you please clarify what you mean by “free boundary model”?

@@convergecfd One has to solve for both the system of equations and an unknown domain, i.e., the domain is not known beforehand.

@@williamschacht Thanks for the clarification! The simulation domain is a constant volume wall-bounded region, which has well-defined boundary conditions. Please let us know if you have any further questions!

Thanks for your question! The colors represent different parameters in different simulations in this webinar-is there a specific simulation that you’re wondering about?

Thanks for your question! We have both free and paid licensing options, depending on your intended use of the software. If you’re interested in learning more, please reach out to us through the following form-we’d be happy to talk through our different licensing options to find the one that’s best for your needs: convergecfd.com/about/contact-us

Thanks for your question! There are methods available that can help predict CO emissions more accurately. Our Support team would be happy to discuss these methods with you-please feel free to reach out to us with your question through our contact form: convergecfd.com/about/contact-us

Hi Shamoon, flashback occurs when the jet momentum is not sufficient to stop the flame from propagating upstream and the fuel-air ratio is in the flammability range/the temperature is sufficiently high. Determining how to prevent flashback is a current area of research, but one potential way is to increase the jet momentum so that the flame is unable to propagate upstream. Tools like CFD can help engineers understand what operating conditions to employ to prevent flashback.

yes please! it would be very useful, we are trying to research about RDE

Thanks for your question! Please reach out to us through our contact form, and our support engineers can discuss the materials we have available for RDE modeling: convergecfd.com/about/contact-us

Hi Asiedu, thanks for your question! CONVERGE is able to simulate water in pipelines, but we’d like to learn more about the modeling requirements for your specific case. Please fill out this contact form so we can discuss further: convergecfd.com/about/contact-us

#!CONVERGE_VERSION=4 ##!Exported by CONVERGE Studio v4.0.0 Mar 08 2024 04:17:25 #======================= NH3 molecular_weight 17.031 ! PowerIdx ConsistentIdx YieldStress(N/m2) SolidViscosity(Pa-s) HERSCHEL_BULKLEY_MODEL 1 1 1 1 ! RefPressure[Pa] RefDensity[kg/m3] BulkModulus[Pa] Compressible 101325 598.87 1.9e+09 ! CriticalTemp[K] Critical_temp 405.65 !Temperature Viscosity Surf tension Heat of Vapo Vapor pres Conductivity Density Specific heat ! [K] [N*s/m^2] [N/m] [J/kg] [Pa] [W/(m*K)] [kg/m^3] [J/(kg*K)] 0 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 10 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 20 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 30 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 40 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 50 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 60 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 70 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 80 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 90 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 100 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 110 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 120 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 130 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 140 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 150 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 160 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 170 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 180 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 190 0.000572593 0.0456971 1.45714e+06 6119.73 0.65812 734.256 4518.86 200 0.00051074 0.0444868 1.44548e+06 8752.93 0.65812 728.998 4536.04 210 0.000416429 0.0418703 1.41949e+06 17936.9 0.65812 717.383 4552.13 220 0.000348842 0.0392826 1.39264e+06 34110.6 0.65812 705.534 4549.85 230 0.000298529 0.0367248 1.36485e+06 60853.6 0.63528 693.428 4536.38 240 0.000259749 0.0341982 1.33604e+06 102760 0.61244 681.043 4518.89 250 0.000228876 0.0317045 1.3061e+06 165472 0.5896 668.349 4504.56 260 0.000203543 0.0292451 1.27491e+06 255682 0.56676 655.315 4500.57 270 0.00018217 0.0268219 1.24232e+06 381089 0.54392 641.901 4514.09 280 0.000163679 0.024437 1.20817e+06 550346 0.52108 628.062 4552.3 290 0.000147325 0.0220929 1.17224e+06 772999 0.49824 613.739 4622.39 300 0.000132597 0.0197921 1.13428e+06 1.05942e+06 0.4754 598.865 4731.51 310 0.000119142 0.017538 1.09396e+06 1.42076e+06 0.45256 583.352 4886.86 320 0.000106724 0.0153343 1.05086e+06 1.86894e+06 0.42972 567.088 5095.61 330 9.51896e-05 0.0131856 1.00443e+06 2.41658e+06 0.40688 549.924 5364.93 340 8.44452e-05 0.0110975 953908 3.0771e+06 0.38404 531.66 5702 350 7.44389e-05 0.00907721 898219 3.86469e+06 0.3612 512.009 6114.01 360 6.51467e-05 0.00713423 835737 4.79442e+06 0.33836 490.538 6608.12 370 5.65615e-05 0.00528167 763805 5.88231e+06 0.31552 466.545 7191.51 380 4.86842e-05 0.0035393 677549 7.14545e+06 0.29268 438.739 7871.37 390 4.15171e-05 0.00194087 566026 8.60212e+06 0.26984 404.227 8249.71 400 3.5059e-05 0.000562287 390642 1.0272e+07 0.247 352.766 8249.71 410 3.15213e-05 0 0 1.13176e+07 0.247 236.89 8249.71

Hi Michael, thanks for your question! The animation was created in ParaView and shows a cut-plane along one of the pre-chamber nozzle axes, which is used to visualize two different fields: (1) The energy released (chem_src variable in CONVERGE) by the fuel is depicted using a color map that transitions from black to white, and (2) the amount of mixture released (a user-defined passive variable in CONVERGE) from the prechamber to the main chamber is illustrated using a color map that transitions from blue to red, owing to the pressure difference between the prechamber and the main chamber.

@@convergecfd Thanks

Thanks for your question! For information on obtaining a CONVERGE license for free, visit this webpage: convergecfd.com/products/converge-explore-program

Thank you for your interest in this simulation! To request more information about this case, please fill out the contact form on our website: convergecfd.com/about/contact-us

Thank you for your interest in this simulation! To request more information about this case, please fill out the contact form on our website: convergecfd.com/about/contact-us

Thank you for your interest in this simulation! To request more information about this case, please fill out the contact form on our website: convergecfd.com/about/contact-us

Thank you for your interest in this simulation! To request more information about this case, please fill out the contact form on our website: convergecfd.com/about/contact-us

Hi Rohit, thanks for your question! You can check out our recent publication in which we validate a hydrogen engine model against experimental data: doi.org/10.4271/2023-24-0062. If you have any further questions, please feel free to reach out to us directly through our website: convergecfd.com/about/contact-us.

Thanks for your question! The accuracy of the actuator line model (ALM) approach depends on the quality of the CD-CL tables used to obtain the corresponding lift and drag forces. Given high-quality CD-CL tables, ALM can be as accurate as MRF, especially for overall performance parameters such as thrust and torque. ALM is also less sensitive to grid resolution than MRF, and the computational cost of ALM is much lower because it doesn’t resolve the blades. With ALM, we can have a significantly lower total cell count and use larger time-steps. For this case, the ALM approach is approximately 150 times faster than the MRF approach.

Hi @jesusaresosalinas9557, thanks for your question! For this study, we were investigating the flow dynamics for a specific tower diameter, so we did not explore how different diameters affect the flow velocity. However, CONVERGE’s autonomous meshing would make it simple to conduct a study comparing tower diameters. If you’re interested in learning more, please feel free to reach out to us: convergecfd.com/about/contact-us

Hi Noureddine, thanks for your question! If you’re interested in learning how to run these kinds of simulations in CONVERGE, we recommend attending our free training course CONVERGE for Battery Systems. You can find the schedule for upcoming CONVERGE training courses on our website: convergecfd.com/training