Hey! Welcome to ChemEfy, a E-Learning platform dedicated to inspiring your curiosity in Chemical Engineering, Lifelong Learning and the art of Dreaming Big! Currently, ChemEfy is run solely by its founder, Michael! For more information see the website: www.chemefy.com!
Great Video! One thing that pops to Mind is We need New Thinking and New Math Tools: We need to over come the difficulties in Working with Non-Linearities!!! Something as revolutionary as when Calculus was discovered and Developed!!!
Thanks for your comment and feedback on the quality. I didn't think the audio balancing was too big of an issue on uploading, but on re-listening there are several places in particular where the vocal audio gets partially overpowered. I don't plan on re-uploading the video as I allude to in my responses to similar comments - I will ensure no future video has this balancing issue though :).
@@ChemEfy Thanks for the reply! Keep up the great work. I feel purpose of life is in understanding science but not in religion. So I have special respect science for content creators like you. On a separate note… I had to quit this video in the middle and when I left I felt like storm passed away and felt very peaceful.
Hi, thanks for your comment :). Gravity and electromagnetic fields are external forces in fluid dynamics because they act on the fluid from outside, unlike internal forces like viscosity that arise within the fluid itself. Hope this helps!
@@ChemEfy Hi! I don't think so. External forces are surface forces. Internal forces, also called body forces, act on the mass inside the enclosed volume, which in this case can be gravity or EM fields.
@@PedroCarvas Actually, in fluid dynamics, external forces can include both surface forces and body forces. Internal forces are the ones arising from interactions within the fluid, like viscous and pressure forces. Gravity and EM fields are considered externaly imposed forces manifesting themselves as body forces from the fluid's perspective because they originate from outside the fluid and act uniformly throughout it. Hope this clears things up!
ChemEfy Course 35% Discount Presale: chemefy.thinkific.com/courses/introduction-to-chemical-engineering The Dangers of Thorium...! For full video: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-WPVzb81jNlc.html
ChemEfy Course 35% Discount Presale: chemefy.thinkific.com/courses/introduction-to-chemical-engineering The operational setup 101 for Thorium MSRs and LFTRs! For full video: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-WPVzb81jNlc.html
ChemEfy Course 35% Discount Presale: chemefy.thinkific.com/courses/introduction-to-chemical-engineering Join me as we delve into Thorium's potential for India! For full video: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-WPVzb81jNlc.html
ChemEfy Course 35% Discount Presale: chemefy.thinkific.com/courses/introduction-to-chemical-engineering Join me as we delve into Thorium's potential for India!
35% DISCOUNT PRE-SALE ChemEfy's first course!: chemefy.thinkific.com/courses/introduction-to-chemical-engineering Power to Liquids Process Schematic! For full video see: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-NkQN-umIfqU.html Link to previous video: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-I_PimaDNv4c.html
35% DISCOUNT PRE-SALE ChemEfy's first course!: chemefy.thinkific.com/courses/introduction-to-chemical-engineering Power to Liquids and Electrofuels! For full video see: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-NkQN-umIfqU.html Link to previous video: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-I_PimaDNv4c.html
Thank you for sharing. I'm convinced that the conversion of Syngas (created by the pyrolysis of Biomass) into liquid fuels / lubricants by way of the Fischer Tropsch Process is the future of liquid fuels.
Unfortunately we can’t grow enough biomass to supply the world’s needs for syngas and Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbons. There simply isn’t enough farmland, and plants grow too slow. Biofuels also compete for land with food crops, driving up food prices. The good news is that we can extract CO2 efficiently from seawater (more efficiently than direct CO2 capture from air), extract H2 from said water via electrolysis, convert CO2 to CO via the water-gas shift reaction, and use that as our Fischer-Tropsch feedstock. The US Navy is actively developing this process and predicts a net cost of $3-$6 per gallon of gasoline equivalent fuel produced by this process. They’re particularly interested in it for producing jet fuels at sea using energy from nuclear reactors.
@@astebbinInteresting stuff :). Sounds like an element of electrofuels/power-to-liquids creeping in (see my most recent video!). Fully agree there won't be enough farmland for this, unless lignocellulosic biomass and/or genetic engineering has a breakthrough (the latter I'd argue is veering away from biomass though). Electrochemical methods for CO2-seawater could be interesting indeed especially with nuclear reactors. Thanks for your comment :)!
@astebbin Not if we use biomass the bottom level of energy. But in reality, if you think of the FT process as an energy storage medium, then it effectively allows us to use cheap/intermittent energy into materials and fuel to run high energy spike processes. Less more as a basic energy layer, and more like an easier to use battery
35% DISCOUNT PRE-SALE ChemEfy's first course!: chemefy.thinkific.com/courses/introduction-to-chemical-engineering Fischer Tropsch Process + Renewable Energy?... What’s not to love? For full video see: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-NkQN-umIfqU.html Link to previous video: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-I_PimaDNv4c.html
The Fischer Tropsch Process and it's history! For the full video see: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-I_PimaDNv4c.html ChemEfy course currently on 35% DISCOUNT PRESALE: chemefy.thinkific.com/courses/introduction-to-chemical-engineering
@@jostpuur In a number of contexts typically the pressure field is something you measure with pressure sensors or predict/forecast. In other situations the pressure field is computed along with the velocity field too.
Thanks for your comment - awesome question :). I don't actually know about the exact cost equivalence to crude oil/petroleum off the top of my head but I imagine it'll be down to a complex myriad of factors (capital cost, relative feedstock prices etc.). To the best of my knowledge, the major oil and gas companies have publicly operational Fischer Tropsch Reactors (Gas To Liquid Plants). It'd be absolutely fantastic to see some pilots in India :)!
The Fischer Tropsch Process and its link to X to Liquid process routes! For the full video see: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-I_PimaDNv4c.html
If you would not have censored my entries posted I would have described my MIT engineering proposal for a carbon fusor lamp based on Naranjo & Puitterman of UCLA to convert CO2 carbon dioxide into molecular oxygen.
You censored my entries posted on details of how to make muon catalyzed fusion routine while you only reacted to my commentary on my dad's professor who they made a pop culture film about.
The Fischer Tropsch Process and the important role of catalysts and syngas production routes! For the full video see: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-I_PimaDNv4c.html
Same problems with diborane fuel of heat and pressure to have hydrogen bond of how South Africa and North Korea only had synthetic fuels for political reasons to eventual side with Russia.
Periodical "Chemical Engineering" had an excellent commentary on difficulties of handling solids so that is why I am so interested in laser optical traps for matter condensates and being stuck in gritty Fritz Lang's "Metropolis" coal country I have even proposed a design for a solid fueled jet engine powered land skimmer hovercraft for an editor in of Chengdu Sichuan to use it for cruise missiles.
My dad was a NASA chemical engineer who worked with Oppenheimer and mother worked with epidemiology virology with Thailand royalty so when I went to MIT Dr. Edward Teller had recognized my name ,
Since you seem to have ignored my other entries on muon catalyzed and have censored my other reply if you must know my dad described how Dr. Robert Oppenheimer was a polytheist West Coast bohemian artsy type who taught him how to design nuclear fission reactors at Oak Ridge facility and described Dr Verner Von Braun as a Prussian officer. Dr. Eward Teller was quite elderly in of a wheelchair at Dr. Brian Ahern's immense house in Boxboro, MA. having better and more equipment than most colleges so in of reality he congratulated me on my journalism of how I was able to track down sources but questioned my patriotism claiming I was too soft on East Asian regimes of what was Imperial Japan.
What is amazing is how my MIT colleagues have loaded deuterium into crystal matrix lattices of materials similar to how "Omni Future Almanac": by Wiels and Bova suggested storing antimatter inside boron's crystal lattice matrix where they supposedly quoted Jet Propulsion Laboratory..
Political Correctness gave credit to Luis Alvarez while my MIT endorsed articles and presentation proves how Noguchi of early 1940s Hamgyong had perfected muon catalyzed fusion rocket engine comprised of a Dewar of cryogenic liquified deuterium fuel connected to a beryllium alloy reaction chamber nozzle coiled in around electromagnet coils to focus cosmic ray muons for cryogenic fuel to prevent exceeding of Curie Point as part of Hideo Hasegawa's Project NA thru NZ. What happened was Noguchi's factories spanned from Kumgang mountains of Wonsan to Changbai Pass of Hamhung Hungnam into Manchuria so during such time Frankin D. Roosevelt had a blockade of seafloor mines around Asia for Japanese East Asian Coprosperity Sphere to lack quality ferrous irons amid surpluses of silk and chemicals to not have rail transit track freight trolley trains since what rial transit tracks they did have were controlled by Soviet backed rickshaw banditry since before fall of 1945 terrain was too mountainous steep full of jagged waterfalls. Therefore all they had were sulfur fueled steam filled airships patterned after Korean hoop skirted farthingales called "Hanbok deashin chima" and also had to rely on rocket propelled gliders of braided composite fibers patterned after towering bumpits coiffures of Korean Manchurian brides to haul freight between rooftop hangars equipped with Mary Kenney's patented ground based STOL fans while female divers had prevented solar agricultural serfdom.. Noguchi had to use employee Fritz Hansgirg on 1930s patents and Mary Kenney had to use attorney Gibbons on 1920s due to racism and sexism of their time since real issue of WWII was the United States had used might to impose agricultural produce and rail transit tracks on Asia. I tried to commit suicide in of Ontario to protest how they would not let me tap cosmic ray muons focused over Magnetic North Canada so any stamp of approvals would take forever to go through variousparliaments of British Commonwealth Nations from London to Ottawa so only hope is anotherentrepreneur to tap cosmic ray muons from Russian side of Magnetic North.
My MIT peer reviewed articles and by invite only to give a presentation to an engineering conference held inside MIT's Electrical Dept on Vassar Street had solved most problems associated with muon catalyzed fusion for rocket propulsion from Nitchitsu's Noguchi of early 1940s Hamgyong to spaceplanes for angular upward acceleration into orbit and airships of Morrison's patented lighter than air solid "SEAgel". A Xcor Lynx is ideal if one uses deuterated diborane fuel with Helmholtz coils to focus cosmic ray muons. I can prove how Luis Alvarez was credited for muon catalyzed fusion only after United Nations Peacekeepers had returned from ruins of Hamgyong.
Dr. Mitchell Swartz affiliated with MIT says I should take Jerome Drexler to court for plagiarized patents while Motohiko Inai of Northeast Asia has patented a rocket powered by muon catalyzed fusion resembling a spacecraft being refueled in of "TTA Starliners" by Stewart Cowley and animated by Erny Module. Hector D'Auvergne and Mutsuro Bundo spacecraft patents are also worth considering.
The Fischer Tropsch Process and it's latest advancements - lignocellulosic biomass, lanthanide cobalt catalysts, artificial intelligence and more! For the full video see: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-I_PimaDNv4c.html
Absolutely so - plasma for normal nuclear fusion at really high temperatures. With muons we'd do this at room temperature so no plasma/loss of high energy electrons here :).
Hey everyone! Just as a correction to something in the video - there is an erroneous mention of Newton's Law of Gravitation to explain muonic orbital radius vs electrons. Please ignore this - got things a bit muddled when recording that part! The rigorous reasoning should/can be done through quantum mechanics. In either case this doesn't detract from the flow of points and arguments made throughout the rest of the video 🙂.
Uh, the reason a muonic atom has a smaller orbital size than a normal atom with an electron not only has nothing to do with Newton's law of grsvitation, but gravitation doesn't work that way either. The mass of two objects has an effect on the gravitational attraction of the objects, but not their orbital distance.
Thanks for your comment :)! - Yep fully agree, I address this point in response to another comment from @malcolmabram2957. Thank you for flagging! The underlying reason would be rationalized properly with quantum mechanics. Evidently I muddled things a bit when recording the video - apologies! In either case the outcome of a smaller orbital radius still correctly holds.
Size is not relative of how gravity and nuclear work on different scales so please do not use vintage 1920s micro world pseudoscience since today atoms are considered like blobs of mercury.
Prior Art bibliographies go back further to even include National Archives O..S.S. files to remember how 1930s saw nuclear power as rooftop cyclotrons with Van De Graff generators of radium shoveled like coal.
Than you for this interesting video. Just what for me is a correction, 1:43, muons are second generation electrons and orbit closer because, as you say, they are much denser. However, it is coulomb attraction, not gravity that holds them in the vicinity of the proton in deuterium. Muonic deuterium will be much denser than ordinary deuterium, indeed denser than any naturally occurring material, and will permit closer liaison between atoms for fusion. Another fact is that hydrogen hydrogen fusion is considered to be impossible. The half life of hydrogen hydrogen fusion in the sun's core is about 1 billion years (i.e. very very slow), and relies on a quantum tunnelling effect, where a proton turns into a proton which goes against the normal progression of decay, whereby a neutron decays into a neutron. The neutron then binds with a proton to become deuterium. Indeed, Hans Bethe received the 1967 nobel prize in physics for demonstrating this process. On Earth the goal is deuterium deuterium fusion, as you of course say, it is abundant globally. Currently, tritium is needed, and the source of tritium is the problem, there is not enough, even with seeding with materials in the fusion reactor. The irony is we still need nuclear fission reactors to produce tritium. Hopefully there will be success with muonic catalysis. An exciting opportunity. I hope the scientists at ITER are aware of this, as they seem to be stick in the mud.
No problem, I'm glad you enjoyed it, and thank you for your thoughtfully constructed comment :). Thank you for your correction too - on second thought I'm not sure Newton's gravitational law would be the dominant one here. Fully agree that coulomb attraction holds the positive nucleus and negative electron/muon together, gravity was more cited to explain the radial difference in orbit (electron vs muon) for a given singular deuterium atom given the underlying charges of the negative/positive bodies is the same here. I think quantum effects/de broglie wavelength etc. would be the more dominant force for this radius difference, and perhaps density too as you mention. Either way, thank you for flagging! Ahh yes, quantum tunnelling - I was tempted to add this, but wanted to keep the lime light on the muon iygm :). Tritium is definitely an issue feedstock-wise for d-t fusions; would certainly be interesting to explore some synergies between the fast breeders and/or Gen IV reactors with some of these catalysed fusion concepts... guess this makes the process flow diagram slightly more complex! I agree, ITER progress is certainly on the slower side currently... very difficult engineering challenges to crack for sure.
