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It will never be same because you are looking at two different things. In the example, the maximum total length of the part is fixed (421.5). No matter what happens, the left and right extremes of the part are defined. And therefore the maximum total length is defined. All the variations will happen to the inner dimensions. In the second case, the total length of the part is not defined. So if you consider the maximum of all the inner dimensions and add them, it will definetly be greater than 421.5.
We don’t get rid of stackup with GD&T. GD&T is a functional dimensioning and tolerancing. And stackup is the way to optimize dimensions and tolerancing to still achieve the function with all dimensional variations. Without stackup you will never come to know how part variations impact the assembly function. So, they both complete each other.