തൈകൾക്ക് ബന്ധപ്പെടാവുന്ന കൃഷിവകുപ്പിന്റെ ഫാമുകൾ:
തിരുവനന്തപുരം
പെരിങ്ങമല ഫാം 0472 2846488, ബനാന നഴ്സറി 0472 2846622.
കൊല്ലം
അഞ്ചൽ ഫാം 0475 2270447, കൊട്ടാരക്കര കശുമാവ് ഫാം 04742045235.
ആലപ്പുഴ
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ഇടുക്കി
അരിക്കുഴ ഫാം 04862 278599.
എറണാകുളം
നേര്യമംഗലം ഫാം 0485 2554416.
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ചേലക്കര ഫാം 04884 2526636
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എരുത്തിയംപടി ഫാം0492 3236007.
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ചുങ്കത്തറ ഫാം 04931 230104
കോഴിക്കോട്
കൂത്താലി ഫാം 0496 2662264
കണ്ണൂർ
തളിപ്പറന്പ് ഫാം 0460 2203154
കാസർഗോഡ്
കശുവണ്ടി വികസന ഓഫീസ് , ഗ്വാളിമുഖം 04994 262272.
Cashew is native of South Eastern Brazil, from where it was introduced to Malabar coast of India in the sixteenth century to cover bare hillside for soil conservation. It gained commercial importance in 1920. African countries produce large quantities of cashewnut, but they are not processed into consumable products because of difficulties in organising the native labour. India imports raw cashewnuts, which are processed and converted into cashew kernels and cashew shell liquid and re-exported to the countries, like USA, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia and Russia.
It is a hardy tropical plant and does not exact a very specific, climate. It can come up in places situated within 35 latitude on either side of the equator and also in the hill ranges upto 700 m MSL. It can grow well in places receiving rainfall from 50 cm to 250 cm and tolerate a temperature range of 25 to 49 C. it requires a bright weather and does not tolerate excessive shade.
Cashew is cultivated on a wide variety of soils in India like laterite, red and coastal sandy soil. To a limited extent, it is also grown on black soils. It can be also grown in hill slopes in virgin organic matter rich soils. They do not prefer water logged or saline soils.
Since cashew is a highly cross-pollinated crop, planting of seedlings is not recommended now. Various cashew research centres have released improved clones, which are either selections from seedling population or hybrids.
One year old shoots as well as current season shoots are used for air-layering. Though there is good root development in this method, heavy mortality occurs both at nursery stage and on the main field. Other drawbacks of this method are that it is cumbersome, time consuming and production of a limited number of layers per tree and as such layers are also not suitable for cyclone prone areas as they do not have a tap root providing less anchorage to soil.
The vegetative propagation through cuttings is seldom practised, as success is very less. Similarly veneer grafting, side grafting and patch budding are also reported to be successful but the nursery period is quite long, 3 to 4 years. Recently 'epicotyl grafting' and 'soft wood grafting' are recommended for commercial scale adoption. In the case of epicotyl grafting, tender seedlings with height of 15 cm are selected as root stocks and a 'V' shaped cut is made after beheading it at a height of 4 to6 cm from the cotyledons connective. The precured scion is collected and a wedge is made at the base of it, so as to exactly fit in the cut made in the stock. The scion is exactly fitted in the stock and tied with polythene strips. The success of epicotyl grafting varies from 50 to 60 per cent and depends upon high humidity, temperature, freedom from fungal disease, number of rainy days and rate of cambial growth. When the above method is adopted in 30 to 40 days old seedling, it is known as soft wood grafting. The success varies from 40 to 50 per cent.
#cashewnuts
#krishiarivukal
#parangipazham
30 сен 2024
