The kidneys are vital organs in the human body with several essential functions. Here are some key aspects related to kidneys:
1. Location:
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located on each side of the spine, just below the ribcage.
2. Function:
Filtration: The primary function of the kidneys is to filter blood and remove waste products and excess fluid from the body to form urine.
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: The kidneys help maintain a proper balance of electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium) and fluids in the body.
Blood Pressure Regulation: The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure by controlling the volume of blood and releasing the enzyme renin.
3. Urine Formation:
Blood enters the kidneys through the renal arteries, where waste products are filtered out in the nephrons.
The filtered material, known as filtrate, passes through the renal tubules, and necessary substances are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
The remaining waste and excess fluids form urine, which is then transported to the bladder through the ureters.
4. Hormone Production:
The kidneys produce and release hormones that contribute to various physiological functions, including erythropoietin (stimulates red blood cell production) and calcitriol (active form of vitamin D that regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism).
5. Transplantation:
Kidney transplantation is a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) when the kidneys can no longer function adequately.
A healthy kidney, either from a living or deceased donor, is transplanted into the recipient.
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22 сен 2024
