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Rio de Janeiro (informally referred to as Rio ) [ 7 ] is a Brazilian municipality , capital of the homonymous state , located in the Southeast of the country . Largest international tourist destination in Brazil, [ 8 ] in Latin America and the entire Southern Hemisphere (in 2008), [ 9 ] the capital of Rio de Janeiro is the best-known Brazilian city abroad, [ 10 ] functioning as a "mirror", or national "portrait", either positively or negatively. And thesecond largest metropolis in Brazil (after São Paulo ), the sixth largest in America and the thirty-fifth in the world . Its population estimated by the IBGE for July 1, 2021 was 6,775,561 inhabitants. [ 2 ] It has the epithet of Cidade Maravilhosa , [ 11 ] and those born there are called cariocas .
Classified as a metropolis , it exerts national influence, whether from the Brazilian cultural , economic or political point of view , [ 12 ] and is one of the main economic, cultural and financial centers of the country, being internationally known for several cultural and landscape icons , such as the Sugarloaf Mountain , Corcovado Mountain with the statue of Christ the Redeemer , the beaches in the neighborhoods of Copacabana , Ipanema andBarra da Tijuca , among others; the Maracanã and Nilton Santos stadiums ; the bohemian neighborhood of Lapa and its arches ; the Municipal Theater of Rio de Janeiro ; the forests of Tijuca and Pedra Branca ; Quinta da Boa Vista ; the National Library ; the island of Paquetá ; New Year 's Eve in Copacabana; the carioca carnival ; Bossa Nova and samba . Part of the city has been designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCOon July 1, 2012. [ 13 ] [ 14 ]
It represents the second largest GDP in the country [ 15 ] (and the 30th largest in the world [ 16 ] ), estimated at around 329 billion reais ( IBGE /2016), [ 17 ] and is home to the two largest Brazilian companies - Petrobras and Vale , and the main oil and telephony companies in Brazil, in addition to the largest conglomerate of media and communications companies in Latin America, Grupo Globo . [ 18 ]Covered by a large number of universities and institutes, it is the second largest research and development center in Brazil, responsible for 19% of national scientific production, according to 2005 data. [ 19 ] Rio de Janeiro is considered a beta global city - by the inventory 2008 from Loughborough University (GaWC).
The city was, successively, the capital of the Portuguese colony of the State of Brazil (1763-1815), then of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves (1815-1822), of the Empire of Brazil (1822-1889) and of the Republic of the States Unidos do Brasil (1889-1968) until 1960, when the seat of government was permanently transferred to the newly built Brasília. In that year, Rio was transformed into a city-state with the name of Guanabara and, only in 1975, it became the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro.
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