5. Belgium Belgium’s federal structure is partly based on linguistic communities (Dutch-speaking, French-speaking, and German-speaking) and partly on regions (Flemish, Walloon, and Brussels regions). This structure gives linguistic and cultural groups a high degree of autonomy
n Ethiopia, ethnic federalism has faced significant challenges, including inter-ethnic conflicts, calls for secession, and accusations of favoritism or oppression by dominant groups. In countries like Belgium, where ethnic or linguistic federalism operates within a well-established democratic framework with strong institutions, it has managed to maintain peace and unity despite differences.