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What is Anaplasia? What is Dysplasia? What are the differences between Anaplasia and Dysplasia? Dysplasia, a term used to describe disorderly but non-neoplastic proliferation. Dysplasia is encountered principally in the epithelia. It is a loss in the uniformity of individual cells and in their architectural orientation. Dysplastic cells exhibit considerable pleomorphism and often possess hyperchromatic nuclei that are abnormally large for the size of the cell. Mitotic figures are more abundant than usual. Frequently the mitoses appear in abnormal locations within the epithelium. In dysplastic stratified squamous epithelium, mitoses are not confined to the basal layers, where they normally occur, but may appear at all levels and even in surface cells. There is considerable architectural anarchy. For example, the usual progressive maturation of tall cells in the basal layer to flattened squames on the surface may be lost and replaced by a disordered scrambling of dark basal-appearing cells. When dysplastic changes are marked and involve the entire thickness of the epithelium, the lesion is referred to as carcinoma in situ, a pre-invasive stage of cancer. Although dysplastic changes are often found adjacent to foci of malignant transformation, and long-term studies of cigarette smokers show that epithelial dysplasia almost invariably antedates the appearance of cancer, the term dysplasia without qualifications does not indicate cancer, and dysplasias do not necessarily progress to cancer. Mild-to-moderate changes that do not involve the entire thickness of epithelium may be reversible, and with removal of the putative inciting causes, the epithelium may revert to normal.
11 июн 2013
