13 miles down and 1000 degrees! Hot enough for you? 

There is a guy named Matt that has over 1 million subscribers. How does this guy not have double that number is beyond me. Much more non biased informative relative content. Always love "Just have a think"!

This makes far more sense than fusion. I just hope they make it happen quickly and find a way to scale up the process across the world.

Never underestimate the amount of energy our greedy little species can consume.

Brilliant! Thank you! (I was one of the folks who suggested putting these two companies together in the comments ages ago on another video.) Imagine the Eavor radiator design at depths of 10-12 km for a moment. That could, theoretically, produce enough energy to replace any hydrocarbon or coal power plant, and financially compete with every form of renewable as well as small modular reactors. For industrial countries, it's a no-brainer for the municipalities who largely finance this kind of infrastructure because it eliminates not only GHG emissions, but other toxic emissions such as mercury (which is measurably reducing worker productivity and increasing mental health problems in China and India right now). The finances are vastly better with these two companies, and military bases will likely be among the first to switch (this is a perfect solution for the problem NORAD is currently having with finding zero-emissions energy for radar bases in the Canadian North, for example).

Being able to retrofit fossil fuel plants (namely coal-fired, which are rapidly becoming uneconomical to operate) is where this technology shines incredibly well. You're not only creating incentives for investment from the green energy sector but also from traditional energy companies looking to continue operation of existing assets. Quaise's timeline sounds aggressive but I don't see why it can't be achieved at this point considering they're combining two well known technologies and using experienced drilling labor. Really hoping to see these roll out in 5 years or hopefully sooner with increased investment.

I like this. Gyrotrons are well developed - they are used to pump fusion reactors. Reusing existing thermal plant makes huge sense - a Rankine cycle plant doesn’t care where the heat comes from. There is an enormous cost saving in reusing that old plant. The existing power grid depends upon all those spinning synchronous machines. The geothermal heat was leaving to space anyway. Nice!

I had heard about Quaise and their gyrotron drilling about a year ago. Thanks for the update and keep your eye on them.

Like many other geothermal energy technologies, this sounds like it would be pretty great in the instances where it works. Seems to me that the history of geothermal projects shows us problems arise when projects encounter the all-too-frequent surprises found in those murky depths. Things like toxic and/or corrosive chemicals getting picked up by the steam, or encountered a volume of molten rock during the drilling operation. So a part of what needs to happen for these guys is just getting lucky in not encountering a surprise project buster; at least not early in the technology rollout. Fingers crossed.

I plan on taking my farm off grid using geothermal energies and I've done this before at our chalet a rather large place totally off grid

Now THIS is something spot on for… "drill, baby, drill!"

So if Dave could be CEO of a global enterprise, he could take these 2 companies, the Aggregate from Garbage from a week ago and a few others and have a Global Green Energy Not For Profit. Sounds like we citizens of the world need to step up and form a Massive Hedge fund and Empower Dave :) Great Video

Having been 3,5 km down a gold mine near Carltonville in South I can assure you that despite the air-conditioning in the mine, the heat was debilitating! As you propose, the earth's core is an excellent source of energy. I do have concerns though! Unused mines in Johannesburg area are now filling up with water and the fountains in the area are flowing again. While that may sound idyllic, it's ancient water with shards of rock containing radioactive material. The streams from the fountains now have no life in them. Hardy water grasses have died as have fish and other plants and animals. These risks were not known when mining started 100 years ago. What are the risks with geothermal energy?

The instant repurposing of trad plants is really the best feature of this. We just don't have enough time to do the whole wind/solar/battery farm swap-out. This and a super-aggressive CO2 removal plan is really our only hope at this time.

Another great episode. Great graphics too. My view on this is that we need to look at novel technologies as lottery tickets. If we fund a hundred promising projects with a hundred million each it will be a total of ten billion for the lot. Most of them will probably fail miserably, but one or two are likely to generate enough money back to make it all go plus with interest and then some. We have wasted more than ten billion on the ITER project that we know isn't scalable. If we had spread those resources on projects like this science fiction boring technology instead, I'm sure we'd have seen much more interesting outcomes. More than that. The failed projects would have generated interesting patents other entrepreneurs could use to change the future for the better. It would also enable a new generation of engineers and scientists to learn new crafts.

Absolutely a game changer...if it ever comes to be. These things always seem like they’re the greatest step forward, only to be left unconfirmed or underfunded. I’m really hoping this comes to fruition though, as it would immediately spell the end to fósil fuel dependency

Fascinating and exciting to see how geothermal could transfer a lot of fossil fuel jobs - so important to bring everyone along this low carbon journey. (But an awkward question for those just having a think... what would humanity do with 'inexhaustible' energy?!). Thanks. Really enjoying these videos.

A few questions here: 1) how much energy is needed to vaporise a hole 13km deep by (say) 300 mm diameter; 2) what happens to the ash that results; 3) how do they keep their beam focussed for such a depth; 4) how do they keep their rig from melting from all the exhaust heat; and 5) as many people have asked: how do they stop the hole from closing up again. I do (most sincerely) wish them good luck, if it works it will be great for base-load generation.

I chuckled at your comment about MIT entrepreneurs. Very true.

What’s brilliant about Eavor is that the base of the well fans out into multiple wells and that structure makes the water in the fanned out wells flow at a lower rate and therefore the water absorbs more heat. The structure of fanned wells as opposed to a singular loop makes the system more efficient. Clever.

I wonder if as much money was spent on drilling holes as has been spent on fusion reactors, where would we be now?

Great video Dave. I think you are onto something by suggesting these two promising companies put their heads together. The oil companies might like this too since they have the infrastructure for drilling they could make the gyrotron rigs. They probably would warm up to that. And since the geneators are already in place it seems logical to me. A very hope inspiring video for sure.

Lets do this thing

Super excited about the future 💯

Sounds very similar to the EdenGeothermal Project at the Eden Project in the UK. How is that going BTW? If Kenya can harness geothermal energy, anybody can! With renewable energy there will always be the need for different types of energy to make the grid more resilient & climate-proof. Baseload energy is less of an issue nowadays, but always great to have as "security". Since around 80% of people will live in cities by 2050 I'm interested in the types of energy generation can occur in / near cities to reduce need for complex transmission infrastructure. This pretty much means solar panels everywhere, but other renewable energy tech can be applied. We also need to develop effective energy efficiency tech & processes / systems as the less we need, the less we need to generate, transmit, store & distribute - all this infrastructure requires materials awa regular maintenance & upgrades etc. Tx for the update on this tech.

Pipe dream, Indeed!

A very interesting concept. I hope it comes to fruition.

I'm glad that geothermal is finally getting the attention it deserves, and hope that the recent advances can finally unlock it's potential. Of the various "renewable" energy sources, geothermal seems like the only one that offers a realistic chance at being able to provide that precious baseload power that is needed to keep things stable. Now, fingers crossed that it can actually be implemented in the real world and that the economics of the operation don't end up killing it.

When you dig a hole, water will percolate from neighboring rocks into the hole. The water will mix with minerals like Sulphur and phosphorus to create sulfuric and phosphoric acids (liquids and vapors). These acids will corrode any casings used to protect the wells from collapse, or any pipes used to carry steam. Also, water doesn't necessarily have to mix with aquifers to cause problems, but also oxygen introduced by the hole in such depths will react with the minerals (calcium, sulphur, phosphorus, iron etc) and create new compounds that expand in volume causing tremors and quakes. These expansion quakes can block the hole or crack the pipes/wells carrying water/steam. Just like how freezing water expands and then bursts pipes; that's exactly how the formation of new chemical compounds will expand and cause quakes that burst these wells. Then the contaminated water will percolate into the aquifers. At such depths, the high pressure and high temperatures make these chemical reactions rapid and dangerous. Water from cracked wells will also react chemically with minerals and cause formation of new compounds (acids and oxides) and cause either corrosion or expansion and even more earthquakes. In the last decade, quakes and tremors greater than magnitude 3.5 have already been recorded in more than 10 geothermal sites around the globe. It's not easy to dig deep holes; ask the Russians and South Koreans about their experiences.

What I like about this tech is that it makes geothermal realistic in mountain regions like Denver or Boulder. I know the drilling works there but cannot reach deep enough on it's own cost effectively like lower altitudes above sea level. This tech would kind of level the playing field for all places.

Great work!

I regularly enjoy your content, thank you for investing all the effort it must take. Know that I would watch longer more detailed pieces.

You've done a video before on this technology. Good to see actual progress on one of these techs and updates on them.

I can hear the "No Volcano In My Back Garden!" protests. Never mind that lava requires a much higher temperature. Unless you end up in a pocket of lead, at 3 times the price of oil, so the protests go "Please Choose My Garden"! 😄 I have no doubt this drilling technology could do the job, no doubt also with many quirks to solve along the way to this depth. It's more the other things around that I am concerned with, like the junctions between the funnel-like pipes and the way the hot water is getting back up, especially in the first 3 kilometers which could be clay or sand or underground water, the end temperature, etc. Quite a lot of challenges in difficult conditions to solve before this tech makes it from lab to industrial standards, so yes, long term investment and commitment is critical. Each challenge solved is a step added to the success of this operation. Incidentally, because of the almost horizontal pipes, it means that the drill itself makes a small portion of the whole vertically-projected space needed, so I would like to know how many such drills can you fit over say a continuous 10,000 km² square so the water coming from the pipes can still reach 500°C from the surrounding rock heat, what kind of energy do you get in total, how many humans can be powered by this energy, so what density of population can it serve, or more interestingly, can you power a network of 50°C central heating pipes in winter and still get some electricity from water turbines, again for what density of population, assuming other renewable sources of electricity are also used to different levels, such as 50% geothermal, 50% other renewables in winter, or whatever would match a population density that gets 100% of its electricity in summer, since it does not need central heating during this season. I expect The Boring Company to take notice of this technology when they are facing hard rock. I also wonder if it could be used for other tasks, like drilling water wells even in soft ground. Maybe not as a way to dig the well, but pre-drill a central pilot hole to see what kind of pressure you get as you drill down, to confirm the kinds of layers you can expect, and many possible uses other than water wells.

Another great and informative video. I particularly enjoy your typically spot on and humorous turn of phrase. Please keep on keepin’ on.

Hi Dave. That sounds like our best way out, certainly. Safer and more feasible than nuclear fusion, for example. We can only hope for its success. A funny detail is that guy's surname, Carlos Araque. Here in Brazil, "de araque" is slang for something fake, or without quality. May it be a mere coincidence... THANK YOU, a hug and see you Sunday!

I really hope it can be done! One point you missed though was the Carbon Sink Equivalent. If you suck heat out of the ground and use it for energy you are in effect altering the energy balance of the Earth radiating to space as opposed to being heated by the sun ....... just a (happy) thought! Now with my pessimist cap back firmly on, there are ........ difficulties. Glossed over in this presentation, but almost certainly big enough to block the rosy view of the future presented here. 1. Getting your hole(s) actually in the ground! Even if you could get a beam of energy columated to fire 20KM downward the detrius would hardly just float to the surface even with a respectable jet of gas. It would be eather an ionic plasma or gasious "particles" ...... which would condense to any colder surface like the side of your hole blocking it up quickly. The deeper you go the worse the problem is! I am not certain of the pressures at 20KM down there but they are large. Very large. How would the sides of your bore hole withstand that pressure when rock is no longer solid? 2. Getting your superheated gas out when the plant is running. You have a 20KM length of pipe for the heat to bleed out of, especially if you are only using the slow speed of thermal difference to act as a "pump". Unless you are going to line your borehole with a pretty good insulator And pump the solution at a rapid speed thermodynamics are against you!

Fascinating. I've always wondered why geothermal didn't get as much attention as it deserves. Same for tidal. These resources are always on and available. A no brainer seems like the still active calderas of the world would require the least drilling depth. Yellowstone has so much embodied energy that it could single handedly provide all the 24x7 power peaks that wind and solar don't cover. I know. It's a national park. So go right outside the park boundaries and slant drill.

Who knows indeed! I’m an optimist too, it would be amazing if geothermal could grow to become a third renewable pillar.

I love that "final written warning", presuming there were already written warnings in our file.

Is there a chance that the heat extracted by these wells could serve for évaporative desalination as well ? That would really pull everything together and solve a good portion of our problems

i definitely hope you keep tabs on these two technologies and make a video on them in later days. too many times, have i watched similar videos, just for the newfound potential technological breakthrough to end up going nowhere. either way, i fully root for geothermal, as i believe it can be the leading energy provider due to the lack of intermittency, as long as we're actually able to harness it.

We really need to utilize as much as geothermal heating and cooling as possible. It should be part of new building standards. The heatwave just ended in Germany, but I couldn't sleep for 10 nights. The accumulated heat made my apartment a sauna with 27c at the coolest part. But, the tap water was ice-cold! The basement pipes had condensation on them! A simple and shallow geothermal cooling could have helped.

It amazes me the amount of extra energy expended by haughty metric types when they're compelled to make a show of adding imperial units rather than quietly just adding them in with the metric.

Exciting prospect. The idea that existing infrastructure can be repurposed is what makes it so very appealing. Oil drilling rigs and skilled personnel as well as steam turbines currently fired with fossil fuel all getting a second life. Not just efficient but also motivating for those involved in those current 'dirty' enterprises.

Dave, the planet's warm but my garden keeps getting frost on it. I just think it's not fair that all that heat is trapped down below. Bring it up!🔥😊

Thanks for the video, interesting as usual. You present many brilliant ideas and companies and it seems to me that you are keeping track of their progress. It could be awesome if you can visualise the progress of the companies you present so that we can see together their progress (e.g. esch quarter/semester/year). I also think that it would be entertaining

Thank you again for your excellent science and sustainability communication

U are an ass saver Dave...Just as I was about to deliver Paper in Geothermal energy in Portugal, this will make a fine a add to the paper as future prospects and technologies EGT.

Many thanks - as always another interesting video!

Great work as always. It would be equally as great if you have a look at SeaChange Technologies out of UCLA and their CO2 sequestration pilot program that just got underway. They've secured funding from the U.S. Dept. of Energy, and what they're up to seems like the best hope I've seen at realistically capturing carbon at scale. Not via air capture, but using the oceans.

I been waiting for you to do a video on this. Great video as always. I think this is a great idea and could use old coal sites. I hope we start moving forward with it fast!!

Wow! I really hope the companies choose to collaborate!

Thanks for the great video

Interesting concept look forward to the updates.

Huge fan of this tech. Glad to see you discussing it more. Cant wait to see where it goes.

"Gyrotron" sounds really cool!

The new idea here is the Maser drill. The geothermal extraction is how I thought it was always meant to work…you pump water down and steam comes back up. What I didn’t know was some geothermal proponents/companies intend to just extract already super heated deep water aquifers….With consequent risk of upsetting the strength and integrity of deep strata…that’s a risk.

Heaps exciting! Thx for all your awesome videos 🙂 PS: That Death Star metaphor was sobering 🤨

Instead of drilling in greenfield sites (as indicated in your graphic), wouldn’t it help to significantly reduce cost and timelines if they drilled on or very close to the sites of existing coal fired power stations. The power stations could be repurposed, provide jobs for the existing workers and have immediate access to the power grid?

Excellent video

I struggle to identify any real negatives here. Allows quick conversion of traditional systems, can’t be weaponized, and unlocks access to tons of energy anywhere on Earth. Let’s go!

I find it curious as an orbital mechanics nerd that no one mentions those effects under our feet. For the same reasons i find the idea of space elevators ridiculous, the matter under our feet is still bound by these laws of physics at the atomic level. This would be generating enormous amounts of heat down there as the rock jostles for its position against the surrounding rock. Every portion of a drill bit, the deeper it goes is subject to different stresses than above and below. Every atom be it above or below the ground is bound to travel at a speed in relation to it's altitude or depth. But id love to hear your thoughts on this. Im happy to be wrong, but i don't think so.

Well done again. Yes, i think it makes so much sense and if they can truly find long-term capital then it will be a go.

It seems that geothermal may be the only energy source that has the potential to solve all the issues with wind, solar, nuclear and fossil fuels and still use existing infrastructure. That alone is reason enough for the government to do much, much more to aid / promote the development of this technology.

Been reading about geothermal as a potential saving grace since the 1970s. There's a certain irony in finding that a recent breakthrough owes as much to oops! as it does to plenty of long hard work. Has the military made any overtures regarding what looks like the futuristic heat ray of H.G. Wells's Martian invaders?

THANKS for a HOPEFUL and positive video on an emerging technology. I'm pulling for both companies to succeed. Good things DO HAPPEN. Cheers!

It's worth mentioning a couple of bonuses from this tech, if it works and is cheaper than current encased drilling - if the rock turns to glass to seal in the fluid, you dont have to worry about cases breaking as much, and drilling would be safer for workers, dunno if the glass would be able to hold back 300+ psi methane or 800+ psi oil (undersea ocean oil is routinely 2000+ psi and 150C+). The laser tech itself, I'm sure, would be useful for machining, and potentially for scientific research. As far as reclaiming heat and cooling the planet, I'd reckon that conventional cooling would be more energy intensive than geothermal cooling (no compressors needed, only pumps), and dumping the waste heat into 55F soil near the surface is relevatively doable and would be more than adequate for district cooling.

Brilliant idea, hope it works out

First good news since years. This really could change the future.

If this all works out then it is actually more exciting than fusion. The biggest issue is the complication and expense of drilling deep enough. So if these costs can be brought down then it bypasses the need for solar, wind and fusion, while making traditional power sources cheaply converted to clean power. Perhaps more important is that it would make the hydrogen economy feasible. Hydrogen is just too inefficient. With carbon sources it compounds carbon issues, and with intermittent renewables it compounds how much needs to be deployed to be viable. Batteries are just better for both. But if we get dirt cheap "base load" generation with nuclear, fusion, or this kind of geothermal then efficiency is much less of a consideration. If there is sufficient excess generation then less efficient hydrogen production makes more sense than more resource intensive battery production.

If any of you have been to Iceland, that entire island runs on geothermal energy. Quite impressive. But the geology there allows them to extract the energy closer to the surface. So it can work. Instead of retrofitting carbon plants, it may make more sense to build new geothermal plants, perhaps smaller ones, and more of them. I don't buy the global warming hype (a discussion for another time) but geothermal is very clean, and can be scaled. And I have a sneaky suspicion that it may actually be more cumbersome to retrofit carbon plants for the sole reason that they were not designed to be geothermal. The geothermal plant I visited in Iceland was much smaller than your prototypical coal plant, and it might be instructive to learn from them how best to proceed.

Very exciting

Excellent clip. I am in the mining game, and have been to a several of the worlds deepest and hottest underground operations(3000-4000m underground, wall rock temperatures of 80+C). We use untold amounts of electricity for cooling and ventilation systems in order to create an underground environment that people can work in. Even visited a gold mine in Indonesia that was close by a Volcano... we could boil eggs in some of the ground water that were intercepted with exploration holes. Geothermal Power generation makes sense... re-purposing existing coal plants... also re-purposing oil/gas drilling systems. Keep these coming Dave!

Thanks, Dave. A lot of “ifs” in your presentation.. . but it seems to me that there are a “lot” of solutions to our energy needs, if only (there’s that word again) if only the entrenched energy companies can “look beyond the next quarter”.

Definitely hope Quaise works out in practice. It sounds a bit like a pipe-less dream, though. If it does work it be great if they collaborated with Eavor, or a similar enterprise.

That sounds very promising.

I remain doubtful until I see the concept operating in the next couple of years. Creating those deep boreholes will be expensive and risky. Vaporising rock will need a lot of energy, and the ash produced has several km to be pushed back up to the surface without clogging. I would bet money that ash clogging is going to frustrate matters. But let's see how it works out. Another question is what enthalpy (the heat content due to both temperature and pressure) and chemistry the heated working fluid (presumably water) has when it returns to the surface and delivered to a turbine. It's all very well creating steam at 100degC at the bottom of that borehole, but it needs to travel a couple of km with a vertical height in a gravitational field to reach the turbine. There will be ever-present heat losses due to contact with the borehole sides and heat conduction, and the enthalpy of the working fluid will drop as it depressurises rising up that borehole - that's basic thermodynamics. Finally, those modern steam turbines run using demineralised water. They are not reliable if the working fluid has lots of impurities. Heating up water in rocks will add lots of impurities - you can bet on that.

One thing I have never seen addressed in discussions about geothermal energy: can a geothermal plant survive an earthquake? I'm not talking about the surface structures, I'm talking about the huge holes that go down miles.

great update Dave! Geothermal energy is a great step forward, and I think tech like this would allow people that already service our grid to do so temporarily while other tech gets fleshed out.

It's not the drilling that's the problem. A mining engineer once said to me, "its keeping hold of the space", as the earth pushes up and everything above you pushes down!

Thank you for spreading information about technologies that bring hope for the future~ You help lift my melancholy in so many ways when the weight of the tragedy of climate change starts to drag me down.

It blows my mind to think "geothermal" is considered better then oil from the sustainability point of view. The earth needs a hot, molten core in order to generate it's magnetic field, which keeps the atmosphere in place. As soon as we start harvesting this heat from the interior of the planet we are: a) facilitating the cooling of the interior of the planet, reducing the lifespan of the whole planet, and b) throwing all that heat into our atmosphere while at the same time we complain the planet is getting hotter.

Sounds very promising and exciting.

Yea! Another SOLUTIONS episode. Love it!!!😊

Makes sense to me to devote more effort into pursuing this kind of high tech geothermal instead of fusion in the short term. Seems like it has the potential to be a viable source of clean, abundant energy in a reasonable period of time, Possibly enough to make the development of fusion less of an immediate concern. Fusion seems to be a long term project to ever be able to viably produce abundant energy at reasonable cost. We may not figure that out for another 23-30+ years. Geothermal would also greatly reduce the need for large banks of battery's to stabilize the grid. Thanks for the video.

Beautiful

Extremely challenging, but huge payoff if successful. I'm curious about LCOE, but this would be operating as a firming option, competing with other generating and storage not wind and solar, so a higher cost might be acceptble.

Dave, thank you for being an optimist. I hope you are enjoying your Sunday. Sheila Mink in New Mexico

Its becoming increasingly clear to me that the rush to cleaner energy solutions is causing (like so many other issues) a polarisation that is likely to hinder significant progress as politicians game the dynamic and stoke the differences. The pairing of thermal generation with the use of existing plant and infrastructure is therefore a very helpful move to integrating the divergent camps while introducing a meaningful contribution to cleaner energy. I do get a little nervous about the creation of extremely powerful technologies that while designed for entirely benign reasons are inevitably fodder for those who might want to gain military advantage. T'was ever thus!

Thank you, as always. Possibilities are endless. The continuation to a future is in the hands of active minds and those such as you who collect information and make it available for even the simplest as I. To have a think, aligns to have and make dreams reality.

About time we did this, it is so obvious and it will NEVER be cheaper to do it. Costs always go up!

Thank you for another wonderful video! I think geothermal energy in general is a great potential source of carbon free power, and this QUAISE startup seems to have some really interesting new technology. On a pure 15 year old boy level, using a gyrotron to power a MASER beam drill that bites deep into the Earth sounds massively cool. On a more adult level, it really does seem like an innovative solution to the problem of drilling past the point where drill bits tend to melt and progress with conventional techniques becomes increasingly difficult and very expensive. Maybe QUAISE really can drill extremely deep holes for relatively cheap prices. If so, I wonder if the same technology could be adapted for digging large holes relatively close to the surface, like subway tunnels. Probably not, since it sounds like it's not cheaper than conventional drilling in general. It's just cheaper than conventional drilling at extreme depths. I really like your idea of using QUAISE's technology to dig the holes for Eavor's Everloop system. Maybe some innovative billionaire will bring the two together. Or maybe your video will give the companies an idea or two...

In general, good idea. If you have to go 20km down then I'm a little worried this is one more Lab only thing. The bit breaking the rock isn't the only problem going down that far. Course over coming the other problems may be why they need long term investment. So like so many things on this channel. I wish them luck but I'll not hole my breath.

Anyone imagine a civilization that doesn't require vast quantities of energy to exist and provide a good life for people and planet? Maybe that is improbably, but no one ever asks that question. We assume more energy is always better.

This will reduce chemical pollution sent into the atmosphere, but it will increase the waste heat at the surface of the earth that has to be radiated into space; there ain't no free lunch. Sabine Hossenfelder's channel has a recent episode on this: "I recently learned that waste heat will boil the oceans in about 400 years." released about 6 months ago.

Sounds brilliant! Can't wait ;-)

🤞Very interesting - thanks

2:13 "and unlike other renewable energy sources, except tidal, geothermal can provide base load..." There, fixed that for you.

The insane amount of energy down there makes it worth going after but as you say if it is cracked then it has to be made available to the biggest emitters or its of no use. That does not mean that you have to give them your tech but it also does not mean you hold them over a financial blow torch. it would be so important for developing countries to have access to emissions free power.

Hello, as a PhD researcher within the geothermal area I recommend looking at some sources other than the companies that are making this claims, specifically with closed loop systems in which some companies, not naming names have made some quite inaccurate and unrealistic claims. For a good assessment of Eavor Loop I would check the paper at the 2022 Stanford geothermal workshop by koenraad beckers