#2 of 16: PAKISTAN: ORIGINS, IDENTITY, AND FUTURE

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Pervez Hoodbhoy in conversation with Shaheryar Azhar. #2 of 16 episodes.
-- Mughals and colonialism
-- British reinvent India
-- Rise of Muslim orthodoxy
-- Indian Islam versus Arab Islam
-- The Muslim invasion
The international edition (Routledge) of this book is available from: www.amazon.com... , and the local (Pakistani) version from:
foliobooks.pk/...
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
o Front cover endorsement by Noam Chomsky
o Back cover endorsements
o Acknowledgments
o About the author
o Foreword by Christophe Jaffrelot
o Why this Book?
o Charting the Labyrinth
Myths of a nation’s origin
Exclusivism as philosophy
Was Partition accidental?
The book’s expeditionary map (Parts I-V)
o Part One: Long Before The Two Nation Idea
1. Identity formation in medieval India
The herd instinct
India without nations
The Sanskrit controversy
Muslim invasions
Mughal era purifiers of Islam
Conclusion
2. The British reinvent India
Colonialism quietly sneaks in
The Great Mutiny - a watershed
Demoralized Muslim ashrafiyya
Exception: the United Provinces
The Muslim predicament
Modernity impacts Muslims
Modernity impacts Hindus
Ways begin to part
o Part Two: A Closer Look At Pakistan’s Three Founder-Heroes
3. Founder I: the lonely modernizer
Early years
It’s okay to eat mangos
Metamorphosis to modernity
Siding with the British
An unabashed elitist
The non-communal Sir Syed
Sir Syed communalizes
Sir Syed’s mixed legacy
4. Founder II: premier poet-preacher-politician
Everyone loves Iqbal
Biographical sketch
Philosopher or just philosophical?
Iqbal uses languages selectively
Iqbal on faith versus reason
Iqbal’s physics/math criticisms
Iqbal’s “higher” communalism
Iqbal on women
Iqbal on theocracy
Iqbal on blasphemy
Iqbal and Sir Syed compared
5. Founder III: liberal-secular-visionary?
Did Jinnah have a plan?
Anticipating dependence
Did Jinnah not want Pakistan?
Jinnah - the man
Did Jinnah want secularism?
Jinnah fuses politics with religion
Jinnah and the Islamic state
Jinnah’s Shia problem
A master tactician not strategist
6. Jinnah trounces his Muslim opponents
Maududi - Jinnah’s nemesis
Azad - the prescient cleric
Bacha Khan - the peaceful Pathan
Who won, who lost?
o Part Three: Postnatal Blues
7. Stubborn angularities I: Bengal
A snapshot of history
Mocking Bangla
The road to separation
Punjab still doesn’t want to know why
Bangladesh overtakes Pakistan
Final reflections
8. Stubborn angularities II: Balochistan
A shotgun wedding
Baloch identity emerges
Changes since 1947
Too rich to be left alone
CPEC and Balochistan
The secession question
The way forward
o Part Four: Five Big Questions
9. Was Partition worth the price?
The no-Pakistan option
Socialist utopia rejected
Mobilizing the Muslim masses
The winners
The losers
The cobra effect
10. What is the ideology of Pakistan - and why does it matter?
Ideology defined
Hindutva ideology
Pakistan ka matlab kya?
The weaponization of ideology
Resolving the ideology conundrum
11. Why couldn’t Pakistan become an Islamic state?
Warmup: a Christian state
Who speaks for Islam?
Qur’an and Islamic state
Islamic scholars on the Islamic state
Model I: The Medina state
Model II: Maudoodi’s Islamic state
Model III: The Taliban state
The caliphate’s undying appeal
The ummah and pan-Islamism
What created political Islam?
What if Pakistan becomes an Islamic sharia state?
Is a liberal sharia state possible?
12. Why is Pakistan a praetorian state?
The Establishment defined
Bankrupt political class
A once apolitical army
America’s junior partner
Strong men make weak countries
Wars of choice
Cross-border jihad - a failed experiment
Courting the blasphemy-busters
India under martial law?
13. Identity crisis: I’m Pakistani but what am I?
Inventing an ancient Pakistan
Telling Hindu from Muslim
State imposed identity
Cultural orphans
The first Pakistani
Arab Wannabe Syndrome
My name is Ertugrul
Citizens and subjects
Price of prejudice
The overseas Pakistani
Folks: here’s what I really am!
o Part Five: Looking Ahead
14. Three imminent physical perils
Climate change
Population bomb
Nuclear war
Prognosis up to 2047
15. The paths travelled post-1971
Experiment One - Vengeance
Experiment Two - Nizam-e-Mustafa
Experiment Three - Enlightened moderation
Experiment Four - Hybrid regime
Why the experiments failed
16. Replacing the Two Nation Theory
End legalized discrimination
Spread the wealth
Pakistan not Punjabistan
Uncage the women
Give skills don’t brainwash
Cool down Kashmir
Send army to the barracks
Epilogue
o Index

Опубликовано:

14 окт 2024

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Комментарии : 36

@devshetty7465 Год назад

Moghul empire collapsed before British empire came. Marathas were ruling most part except east. Moghuls were confined to delhi.

@HimanshuShukla0802 Год назад

Why Muslims are poor and backward in spite of ruling over India for 800 years compared to only 200 of the British ? The answer is , If you do not educate and train people for creating wealth , how prosperity would come ? Oxford University was established around the time when Sultans out here were busy investing in their own Tombs. It is all about the choices we make. Bakhtiar Khilji demolished a grand library and burned Nalanda University.

@chakradharmahapatra1958 Год назад

The right language for the reasons of collapse of the three empires - Moghul, Safavid and Ottoman - is Extreme Religiousity rather than "extractive". Isn't history repeating in most of Ummah, especially in Pakistan?? Present is key to the Past.

@Mukesh_Devrari Год назад

4. I can't type everything, but what I want to say is - that Professor Sahab is a good human being. He wants his nation to become prosperous - spiritually, culturally, economically, etc, at the same time he wants Islamists/Islam should be kept in check from corrupting Pakistan by making it another Taliban-ruled Afghan as both the incompatible with each other. We can only give him best wishes.

@swajidz21 Год назад

Dr Hoodbhoy .... a real Genius !

@MuhammadSaleem-kf4bz Год назад

I want to buy this book but have no idea how to do it if some body could help me

@agonnoga6100 Год назад

@Dr.Hoodbhoy The so called "modernists" were allies of the British helping them rule and loot the subcontinent. There were only 50,000 British troops in British India with a population of 400 million. The power structure in the subcontinent helping the British occupy British India which was roughly half of today's India took over from the British after 1947 both in Pakistan and India, two countries which never existed prior to arrival of a foreign masala company called East India Company. Congress and Muslim League were regular political parties in British India helping the British rule and loot the subcontinent under the ruse of governance. Which is why Gandhi and Jinnah actually opposed independence of India. There was little to no inner party democracy in Congress and Muslim League as they were both under the thumb of Gandhi and Jinnah.

@chitrabhanubose1307 Год назад

Dr Hoodboy is an excellent scholar. Being a nuclear physistist he really excelled in historical analyst. Brilliant.

@AhjjN Год назад

Also from reading similar account mentioned in my last comment and from also from books like "Company Politics" my understanding is that the competition during the time of colonization was between a Mix of locals plus the French and a Mix of local plus the British and exclusively finacianced by local bankers. Would you agree with this and if yes then how could you account for the disparity in technology and scientific approach. My understanding is that the French were organizing with similar technology and organizational strategy, unless you are saying that if it was not going to be English then it would have been French.

@rebasingh258 Год назад

Pakistan does not deserve an enlightened and scholarly person of the calibre of Dr. Pervez Hoodbhoy. This scholarly discussion is excellent but unfortunately the Pakistani establishment does not appreciate it.

@Mukesh_Devrari Год назад

It is wrong for anyone to expect that Dr. Hoodbhoy will be an expert on everything under the sun - from ancient history, medieval history, modern history, current affairs, physics, constitutionalism, etc, but he is well-meaning person. 1. It is common sense if the military had to take power in Pakistan, it fights with the person or group who is already in power. Whether that person is Sharif or Imran Khan - does not matter. Military boots will crush the person. It is a formula - Similarly, when the Britishers wanted to grab power in India to become its new rulers, they fought with Muslims and eliminated them from power. It does not suggest any special love and hate for Muslims or Islam by the British. They would have fought with anyone who is in power irrespective of their religion. 2. Hinduism is not an organized religion. Yes, there are some common things - vegetarianism, freedom to pursue and imagine god anyway devotee likes, Geeta so on. Hence there is no unified reaction of the community against anyone. Neither it was against Muslim invaders who made incursions through our Northern borders (today's Pakistan) before the British. While Islam is an organized religion and the reaction against anything seen against Islam by the clergy was unified. That is true even today, it was also reflected in the opposition against modern education in the 19th century. The creation of Pakistan is also a reflection of this, where Muslims in India under the banner of Islam rejected the secularism of the Congress party under the leadership of Jinnah.

@GoutamDAS-ls1wb Год назад

Fanatical adherence to religious beliefs was the cause of doom of many. In this day and age, we should without question reject religion and discard it into the historical dumpster for good. In Islam, potential reformers who dared to think differently were violently and brutally eliminated and this was not the case with Hinduism because it was very diverse from the very beginning. Reformers of Hinduism date back to several centuries before Christ.

@ShaneCallum Год назад

He is absolutely right. Empires collapsed because of their lack of innovation, not very different to Saudi, UAE and Qatar. Someone rightly said, Islam has/had dominance in extracting the fruits of Innovation, but absolute unwillingness to work on the roots of it. This was at the centre of Mughal India and Ottoman collapse. They thought they were getting powerful by buying someone else’s invention. But at the end, the Europeans were cunning or say smart enough to realise the weakness. I would also add Islamic Spain or the Iberian Peninsula to that list. When Ferdinand and Isabella saw the opportunity of what is going on Grenada, reconquest happened and the entire peninsula was converted back to Christianity with Jews and Muslims receiving the ultimatum from Spanish & Portuguese Kingdoms. Interestingly you also see a direct correlation between Portuguese expeditions outside Europe and substantial decline in Arab power. To a point that they absolutely became irrelevant in the medieval discourse. You almost see blank pages when it comes to Arab history from 1500s to 2000s.

@muradel-mushtaqahmed904 Год назад

The concept of tprivate property, ownership of property was to some extent created bourgeois and mercantile classes.

@superpower2829 Год назад

Keep up with this work!❤

@mist383 Год назад

When will you Pakistanis come out of your bubble? Marathas had already snatched everything from the Mughals even before the British asserted their dominance. What they had was lesser than a kingdom, let alone an empire. Plus, you can't ignore the rise of Sikhs under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Rajputs of Rajasthan and nearby areas already never ever were under the full control of Mughals. Rajputs had their own kingdoms, although small ones but they were many and they asserted an independent status for themselves. It is true that Mughal empire was powerful from the time of Akbar till the time of Aurangzeb, we agree with that. But Marathas were already gaining grounds against Mughals right from the period of the reign of Aurangzeb. British didn't inherit India from Muslims/Mughals. Rajputs, Marathas and Sikhs had already made the Mughals a redundant entity. That is why all major wars fought by British on the Indian soil was against Marathas and Sikhs, Rajputs had secured a greater level of autonomy even during the British era. Read about Anglo-Maratha wars and Anglo-Sikh wars and get done with your Mughal empire crap.

@RaviRJoshi Год назад

Very nice discussion, Sirs

@indrajitgupta3280 Год назад

Further to Macaulay's role, Presidency College in Calcutta was set up in 1817. Just saying.

@tayyabhussain1592 Год назад

Mars has its two moon if by chance we are on this planet or in future we will discover earth has more than one moon and then how we will decide our holy months? Just a scientific question

@mazharabbasbukhari7390 Год назад

Informative.keep it up.

@satyabull26 Год назад

Unfortunately Hoodbhoy's study of origins and history is based on western and muslim perspective - 'outside in' - very unbalanced and creates an impression that India was a land similar to other lands with very little civilizational progress. That version is totally wrong and completely false - Most Science and Maths has come out of India and the turkic and mughal invasions created a period of dark ages where there was no advancement and research (which hoodbhoy says is the golden period of mughal rule, ha ha) - I think he should stick to study of modern Pakistan and most likely his implementation plan for its future is just as shallow and academic - NOT A FAN

@indrajitgupta3280 Год назад

Quibble - Macaulay was anything but a thorough Englishman!