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2^x = 4x 

Prime Newtons
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This problem has two solutions. The second solution, if done by algebra will require a special function called the Lambert W function. In my solution, I used a power series approximation to estimate the W(t)
This is the video I mentioned
• Lambert W Function

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9 июл 2024

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Комментарии : 113   
@johnka5407
@johnka5407 25 дней назад
'if the value inside, the argument here, is close to 0' when did you become a physicist? 😆
@PrimeNewtons
@PrimeNewtons 25 дней назад
Haha. There's a lot of engineering in me.
@sethdurais2477
@sethdurais2477 25 дней назад
Something that is seriously overlooked in your videos are your straight lines when dividing the board! I know its just a side note but you have to admit that Mr Prime draws some of the best straight lines! It is extremely satisfying to see 💯
@davidsousaRJ
@davidsousaRJ 25 дней назад
2^x = 4x = 2²x, therefore x = 2^(x-2). Raising the both sides to the (1/(x-2))-th power, we have x^(1/(x-2)) = 2. Note that if we square both sides, we have x^(2/(x-2)) = 4, or x^(2/(x-2)) = 4^(2/(4-2)). By comparison, x = 4 is a solution. The other one is only possible to get using the Lambert function.
@apexgoblin
@apexgoblin 25 дней назад
blackpenredpen derived a formula for a^x + bx + c = 0 you can use the formula here too!
@lubiemuze6368
@lubiemuze6368 25 дней назад
yep, I ve done that like that
@jimmywatson7950
@jimmywatson7950 25 дней назад
😮😮😮 can you please tell the formula
@horev8822
@horev8822 23 дня назад
​@@jimmywatson7950 search bprp solution for transcendal equation
@reminderIknows
@reminderIknows 23 дня назад
@@jimmywatson7950It's the quadratic formula. (-b +/- sqrt(b^2 - 4ac))/2a BUT. BPRP did not invent this formula.
@reminderIknows
@reminderIknows 23 дня назад
The quadratic formula was not derived by bprp.
@domsunny3715
@domsunny3715 19 дней назад
That’s is actually so cool, great video man
@alpmuslu3954
@alpmuslu3954 25 дней назад
Love your work man:)
@samzied
@samzied 2 дня назад
One of the reason I enjoy math is that it transcends our petty egotic drives. Respect for the matter should involve a minimalistic attitude regarding self-promotion when presenting a topic. In any case, one should always make very sure his discourse is blunder-free before thinking he can afford wasting some focus on posing.
@CalculusReviser
@CalculusReviser 25 дней назад
Excellent, clearly explained video :)
@user-du8rw6tb6r
@user-du8rw6tb6r 5 дней назад
The most ASMR voice ever!!!
@Ron_DeForest
@Ron_DeForest 24 дня назад
Just curious. Instead of using the appropriate approach you did, can’t you just use the actual lambert W function? You’ve shown it a few times. That would get you the number you’re looking for regardless of how close to zero the answer is or not, wouldn’t it?
@ritwikgupta3655
@ritwikgupta3655 25 дней назад
You celebrate Math. Great to watch.
@DaniDy01
@DaniDy01 25 дней назад
I didnt know there was a formula for the w function wow
@YAWTon
@YAWTon 25 дней назад
It is a formula for an approximation of W, not a formula for W.
@zandergall9895
@zandergall9895 25 дней назад
I think its the Taylor series of the w function, hence why it only works for small x. You need infinite terms for it to be exact
@BangkokBubonaglia
@BangkokBubonaglia 25 дней назад
There's a Taylor expansion for any function. You just have to be able to calculate all the derivatives. It looks like in this case you can continue the series and get a better approximation by adding more and more terms of the form (-1)^(n-1) * n^(n-2) * t^n / (n-1)!. It should be pretty easy to prove since W(x) has a nice expression for its derivative: W'(x) = W(x) / x*(1+W(x)). You can calculate the Taylor expansion around any value too. Not just zero.
@frimi8593
@frimi8593 10 дней назад
⁠@@BangkokBubonagliathere is not a Taylor expansion for any function, though you’re right that there is one for the Lambert W function
@betterbee980
@betterbee980 25 дней назад
I literally love his videos ❤
@TheBedLump_Sans
@TheBedLump_Sans 25 дней назад
love from Dubai!
@user-bo1ve3zx3h
@user-bo1ve3zx3h 24 дня назад
Is there any way to find those other lambert w function branches without using product log calculators?
@PrimeNewtons
@PrimeNewtons 24 дня назад
I doubt it
@the_real_nayak
@the_real_nayak 25 дней назад
better way - use iterations ; just start with x = 2^x/4 and put x = 0 , then keep on putting the result values again in the expession till the value of x is almost equals to the expresison of 2^x/4 ; that'd be your answer
@TheFrewah
@TheFrewah 25 дней назад
Well, that would be numerical rather than analytical.
@the_real_nayak
@the_real_nayak 24 дня назад
@@TheFrewah since u already know there are 2 solutions , one is 4 and other is somewhere near 0 , better to solve like this instead of going to wolframalpha for W values
@TheFrewah
@TheFrewah 24 дня назад
@@the_real_nayak In practice it may be if you havethis problem as an engineer
@laydenhalcomb4559
@laydenhalcomb4559 25 дней назад
Why did it blur the phi
@XanderAnimations
@XanderAnimations 18 дней назад
Yeah really weird
@Mam_Otazku
@Mam_Otazku 15 дней назад
Yeah really weird
@softwet4341
@softwet4341 4 дня назад
Yeah really weird
@didier3821
@didier3821 25 дней назад
Congrats from France
@jakehobrath7721
@jakehobrath7721 24 дня назад
Damn RU-vid policy!! Now I’ll never know what the flower is called!
@PrimeNewtons
@PrimeNewtons 24 дня назад
Phi
@jakehobrath7721
@jakehobrath7721 24 дня назад
@@PrimeNewtonsI figured it couldn’t have been phi for RU-vid to flag it, lol. I can’t imagine what it thought you were saying. Anyways Great video, thank you much!
@Th3OneWhoWaits
@Th3OneWhoWaits 25 дней назад
Pretty sure your voice got muted or something when you were talking about phi sir. Maybe an issue with youtube?
@light_fizz
@light_fizz 11 дней назад
Great video man
@albajasadur2694
@albajasadur2694 25 дней назад
Thank you sir. I have two questions. (1) How can we determine the number of real roots ? (2) Can we get the solution x=4 from Lambert W function method ?
@marianl8718
@marianl8718 25 дней назад
The Lambert function calculator gives two solutions for (-ln 2) / 4 : - 2.772589 and - 0.214811 These two solutions divided by - ln 2 will give us 4 and 0.3099... .
@YAWTon
@YAWTon 25 дней назад
(1): 2^x-4x is positive for x< 0, negative for x=3 and positive for x=5. ==> there must be at least two real roots. The second derivative of 2^x-4x is positive for all values of x ==> there are at most 2 real roots. (2) Yes: x=4 is the solution on the second branch of W. (c.f. Wikipedia article on Lambert W function, and Prime Newtons excellent clip, link in the description of this video).
@SG49478
@SG49478 25 дней назад
You can use calculus to figure that out. Set f(x)=2^x-4x. Then the first derivative is f'(x)=ln2*2^x-4. To assess for maximum or minimum points we set the first derivative to 0. ln2*2^x-4=0. This equation is easily solvable, 2^x=4/ln2, x=ln(4/ln2)/ln2. The second derivative is f''(x)=(ln2)^2*2^x. This is positive for all real x, therefor x=ln(4/ln2)/ln2 is a local minimum. The value for f for this minimum is negative. However for x=0 f(x) is positive and for x=5 f(x) is positive as weOur minimum is in between these two values and this is the only extreme point we have as f'(x) can become zero only at this one point. Therefor our equation must have exactly 2 solutions.
@marianl8718
@marianl8718 24 дня назад
@@SG49478 The reasoning is mostly correct, but it is not sufficient proof that we have only two solutions. By trial, two values were found for which the function is positive, 0 and 5, but this is not part of the demonstrative mathematical rigor that is required. My view is that one cannot show that there are only two solutions except by actually solving the ecuation f(x) = 0.
@SG49478
@SG49478 24 дня назад
@@marianl8718 Well then explain to me how a steady function with exactly one local minimum where f(x) is negative at that minimum and no local maximum and two values where one is smaller and one is greater than the x value of the local minimum with each of them with f(x) being positive could have by any means more than 2 zero points. That is simply not possible. If the graph turns around and cuts the x-axis a third time, the function would have to have at least one local maximum. However with the first and the second derivative we have proven, that this function can not have a local maximum. Therefor in my opinion the proof is sufficient.
@murdock5537
@murdock5537 25 дней назад
Really awesome, many thanks, Sir!
@marianondrejkovic2084
@marianondrejkovic2084 25 дней назад
If not applying inspection for solution x=4, is it possible to find 4 by algebra via product log function?
@frimi8593
@frimi8593 10 дней назад
You’ll notice at one point he refers to his formula as “the principle branch of the Lambert function.” Just as sqrt(x) gives us only one of the up to two possible solutions for x=φ^2 (thus we sometimes call it “the principle root”) W(x) only gives us one of the possible solutions for x=φe^φ. It is possible to evaluate one of the other solutions (which in this case would be 4), but it would not use this formula which gives us the “principle branch”
@sriharivithalapur7435
@sriharivithalapur7435 25 дней назад
If there are multiple solutions, then which solution is achieved by using the Lambert W function? More specifically... In this case can the solution x=4 be achieved using the Lambert W function?
@CarlBach-ol9zb
@CarlBach-ol9zb 24 дня назад
There are multiple branches of Lambert W function. Each branch of Lambert W is represented using W subscript number. And W_0 and W_-1 provide the real solutions
@frimi8593
@frimi8593 10 дней назад
⁠@@CarlBach-ol9zbpiggybacking off of this, you’ll notice that he describes the approximation as giving “the principle branch” which will be the one that any calculator will give you if unspecified. You may or may not have heard sqrt called “the principle root” before. This is because the equation x^2=φ may have more than one solution, but the principle root just gives us the positive solution. In this case you may think of “principle” as meaning the “default” answer, even if it’s not the only one
@yiutungwong315
@yiutungwong315 5 часов назад
π in the Riemann Paradox and Sphere Geometry System Incorporated So Tau = 2π = π^2 = 4 So 2^Tau = 4Tau = 2^4 = 4 × 4 = 16 X can be Solved for 4 and Tau
@adamnyback
@adamnyback 23 дня назад
9:19 "Come on!"
@davannaleah
@davannaleah 25 дней назад
Of course, you could just use the solver function on your calculator, but where's the fun in that 🎉
@hd.1cool803
@hd.1cool803 25 дней назад
Is there any way to get a value for x in the equation 3^x^x = 10? Just like to know because the only way I gotten a value was from a graphing calculator.
@kemosabe761
@kemosabe761 24 дня назад
3^x^x=10 Let x^x=y x.ln x=ln y ln x.e^ln x=ln y W(ln x.e^ln x)=W(ln y) ln x=W(ln y) x=e^W(ln y) Now 3^x^x=3^y=10 y.ln3=ln10 y=ln10/ln3 x=e^W(ln(ln10/ln3)) x~1.5918
@hd.1cool803
@hd.1cool803 24 дня назад
@@kemosabe761 thanks!
@user-dp1uj6db5z
@user-dp1uj6db5z 23 дня назад
Gostei muito e obrigado
@RubyPiec
@RubyPiec 25 дней назад
why did you round to 0.309? The actual answer according to wolfram alpha is 0.3099 which rounds to 0.310
@vecenwilliams8172
@vecenwilliams8172 24 дня назад
I didn't hear round (could have missed it) but he could have truncated it to estimate. Also when he wrote it on the board it was from an estimated method and he said the exact answer from the calculator was 0.31
@RubyPiec
@RubyPiec 24 дня назад
@@vecenwilliams8172 ahh ok
@alexandermorozov2248
@alexandermorozov2248 23 дня назад
x≈0,30990693238069
@hasanjakir360
@hasanjakir360 25 дней назад
Don't have access to the internet, but can watch on youtube 🎉🎉
@sciphyskyguy4337
@sciphyskyguy4337 25 дней назад
How quickly would we have gotten to a reasonable answer just using Newton’s method from the start?
@TheFrewah
@TheFrewah 25 дней назад
That wouldn’t be a mathematical way, it would be a numerical method. This channel os about math
@sciphyskyguy4337
@sciphyskyguy4337 24 дня назад
@@TheFrewah True, but he just used a truncated power series to estimate a numerical solution to the product-log function.
@TheFrewah
@TheFrewah 24 дня назад
@@sciphyskyguy4337 Yes but still analytical, power series is what you end up with if you want to calculate e to a high degree of decimals.
@sciphyskyguy4337
@sciphyskyguy4337 23 дня назад
Newton-Raphson is based on a Taylor series expansion and has a region of convergence. Sounds pretty analytic to me. :-)
@thegamer7537
@thegamer7537 21 день назад
just divide both sides by zero
@shivx3295
@shivx3295 24 дня назад
Did it by contoured method and solutions coming are 4 and approximately 0.309905
@ryansullivan3085
@ryansullivan3085 23 дня назад
5:26 "let's not call it x, let's call it... x" I had to go back and make sure I heard him right lol
@kinshuksinghania4289
@kinshuksinghania4289 25 дней назад
Why does the W function not give x=4 as the solution?
@YAWTon
@YAWTon 25 дней назад
Actually, it does give x=4. W is a multivalued function. For x between -1/e and 0 there are two real branches W_0 and W_-1. In the clip, he shows the solution for the first branch. x=4 is the solution for the second branch. For details read the article on "Lambert W function" in Wikipedia. Also I recommend Prime Newton's clip about the W function (link is in the description of this clip).
@NhaNguyen-cx1ri
@NhaNguyen-cx1ri 9 дней назад
2^×=4^× >>2^×-4^×=0 2^×(1-2^×)=0 1=2^× X=0 X⁰=1
@RyanLewis-Johnson-wq6xs
@RyanLewis-Johnson-wq6xs 20 дней назад
X=W(Ln(4th root of 2))/-Ln(2)
@BRUBRUETNONO
@BRUBRUETNONO 24 дня назад
Hi, Thanks for your insterestin problem, that I solved that way here below. Tell me if you like it. Of course, I didn't look at your solution. Greetings and keep up the good job. BEGIN Let's name (i) the equation to solve 2^x=4x Let the function f(x)=2^x-4x from R to R So the question is to find the roots of f(x) We can say that f(x) (being the sum of two continuous functions) is as weel continuous on R. Let's evaluate the behavior of f(x). The derivate of f is f'(x)=ln(2).2^x-4 f'(x)=ln(2).2^x-2^2 Then f'(x)=2^2.[ln(2).2^(x-2)-1] Let's see for what values of x, f is increasing so that f'>0. So that ln(2).2^(x-2)-1>0 So ln(2).2^(x-2) > 1 So if x verifies (ii) 2^(x-2) > 1/ln(2) then f(x) is strictly increasing Moreover, as ln(2)>0 (ln(2)#0,693) and the function 2^x is strictly positive on R and the logarythm function is strictly increasing on R+, we can then take the ln on both sides of inequation (ii) and it gives ln[ln(2).2^(x-2)] > ln(1) ln(ln(2))+ln[2^(x-2)] > 0 (x-2)ln(2) > -ln(ln(2)) x > 2 - ln(ln(2))/ln(2) Let following equation and value m (iii) m = 2 - ln(ln(2))/ln(2) we know as well from inequation (ii) that 2^(m-2) = 1/ln(2) that we name equation (iv) We can say that for x € [m ; +inf[ we have f'(x) > 0 and f(x) is strictly increasing for x € [-inf ; m[ we have f'(x) < 0 and f(x) is strictly decreasing Then f(x) has got a minimum value for x=m Let's evaluate f(x) at -infinite and + infinite. We can say that for x --> -inf, 2^x --> 0+ and 4x --> -inf Then for x --> -inf, f(x)=2^x-4x --> +inf We can say that for x --> +inf, f(x)=2^x-4x is equivalent to 2^x Then as for x --> +inf, 2^x --> +inf Then for x --> +inf, f(x) --> +inf Let's evaluate the minimum value of f, being f(m). If f(m) is negative we can say that we will have two solutions. So we have f(m)=2^m-4m we can write as well f(m)=2^m-2^2.m=2^2.[2^(m-2)-m] from (iii) and (iv) we have f(m)=2^2.[1/ln(2)-2+ln(ln(2))/ln(2)]=2^2.[1-2ln(2)+ln(ln(2))]/ln(2) So f(m)=2^2.[ln(e)-ln(2^2)+ln(ln(2))]/ln(2) So f(m)=2^2.ln[e.ln(2)/4]/ln(2) As we know ln(2)#0,693 > 0, then f(m) and ln[e.ln(2)/4] have got the same sign Then Let's see if ln[e.ln(2)/4] < 0 Let's see if e.ln(2)/4 < e^0 Let's see if e.ln(2)/4 < 1 Let's see if e < 4/ln(2) With a calculator we have 4/ln(2)#5,771 and e#2,718 Then e < 4/ln(2) is confirmed and so f(m) < 0 Let's evaluate the value of m = 2 - ln(ln(2))/ln(2) Let n=ln(ln(2))/ln(2). Then m = 2 - n We have 1/2 < ln(2)#0,693 < 1 Then ln(1/2)
@KlubPenguin
@KlubPenguin 24 дня назад
Prove the MacLaurin expansion of the lambert function next
@movavi5096
@movavi5096 25 дней назад
"1? 2? 3? 4? Ye 4."
@the_nuwarrior
@the_nuwarrior 25 дней назад
W function
@user-ff5ve5ek6f
@user-ff5ve5ek6f 20 дней назад
Omg… Is it a BLACKMATH???
@JakubS
@JakubS 25 дней назад
four
@jeeconquer
@jeeconquer 21 день назад
X=4 is the answer Take log base 2 in both side and solve further
@yiutungwong315
@yiutungwong315 5 часов назад
4 and Tau This is Because π = 2 in the Riemann Paradox and Sphere Geometry System Incorporated
@RyanLewis-Johnson-wq6xs
@RyanLewis-Johnson-wq6xs 20 дней назад
2^4=4*4 x=4 I didn’t graph use a calculator or anything I did it in my head.
@moonwatcher2001
@moonwatcher2001 25 дней назад
@skids.skidding
@skids.skidding 17 дней назад
4
@nasrullahhusnan2289
@nasrullahhusnan2289 25 дней назад
By inspection, x=4 as 2^x=2⁴=16 and 4x=4(4)=16
@Lamborghini_Gallardo
@Lamborghini_Gallardo 22 дня назад
x=4
@yiutungwong315
@yiutungwong315 5 часов назад
X can be Solve For 4 and Tau This is Because π = 2 in the Riemann Paradox and Sphere Geometry System Incorporated Tau = 2^π = 4
@PatrickAndrewsMacphee
@PatrickAndrewsMacphee 23 дня назад
This use of a case specific function to get a numerical approximation seems to support my suspicion that maths is a branch of engineering ;)
@82rah
@82rah 23 дня назад
There is a math error at 9:10. You forgot to divide the LHS by 4. So the solution is not -W(-ln(2))/ln(2) but -4 * W(-ln(2)) / ln(2)
@LearnerSupriya07
@LearnerSupriya07 23 дня назад
X =4. I did it in my mind.😅
@Diego-hd5tj
@Diego-hd5tj 17 дней назад
How’s the approximation of the function found looks like some Taylor series stuff
@user-lr5zt5ni6m
@user-lr5zt5ni6m 3 дня назад
4
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