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Chlorophenols have a lower pka than phenol. Wouldn't chlorophenol be a stronger acid then phenol. The chlorine group pulls electron density by induction.
@@alessandrac1940generally, acidic strength is directly proportional to both -M and - I, and halogens have dominant inductive effect (they have mesomeric too but -I is more dominant) that's why chlorophenol should be more acidic than phenol ig.
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Chlorine atoms can also donate electrons through resonance (one of the lone pairs falls in and makes a double-bond with the carbon atom). That said, I think the inductive effect might win out and make 4-chlorophenol a stronger acid (have a lower pKa) than phenol at 11:30. But I've seen conflicting numbers when I looked it up and it seems their levels of acidity are very close.
I know that methyl (ch3) groups are ED, but just cause the textbook said so... i'm not really sure how since there is no lone pair or negative charge on the carbon.. i guess cause it's not electronegative?
Yeah, that's pretty much the explanation. It's not very satisfying, though! Most textbooks do not use the term "electropositive" and it is not something typically taught in Gen Chem when we teach electronegativity. However, electropositivity is an actual thing :) and it is essentially the opposite of electronegativity. Electropositive atoms (carbon) are electron donors.
Halogens are electronegative and withdraw electron density in that capacity. However, they also donate electron density via resonance. Their contribution to resonance is important to this particular type of problem.
@@RoxiHuletother sources are telling me that their EWE is greater then their contribution to resonance and so it takes priority making its carboxylate hydrogen more acidic then benzoic acid
You're going to do awesome!! Here are my tips... (1) The questions aren't in order of difficulty, so skip around and find the easy ones first. Then work on the harder ones you feel confident about. Save the sketchy ones for last. If you run out of time, you want to run out of time working on problems that you might not have gotten correct anyway. (2) There isn't a penalty for guessing, so if you start to run out of time, just start making guesses. Answer every question. (3) Remember that the average student gets about half the questions correct, so don't freak out when you look at the test and feel like you don't know how to do a bunch of them - it's normal! I'm crossing my fingers for you!!
O stands for orbital - a negative charge on an sp hybridized atom is more stable than a negative charge on an sp2 hybridized atom, which is more stable than a negative charge on an sp3 hybridized atom. This is only true if the atoms are all the same type, and have equal resonance and induction.
