5 Ways British and American Farmland is Very Different 

One type of farming in the USA that is seldom mentioned and almost never included in "crop" definitions: tree farming. The northern tier of states have extensive parts of them that are commercial forests. Every 20 years or so, a crop of trees is taken off them. For my own state, Maine, nearly three quarters of the state looks like wild forest to the uneducated eye. But actually, that's all timberland, where trees are being grown for commercial sale.

The thing about all that corn is that something like 70% is not for human consumption. It's for ethanol fuel and animal feed. Fun fact. Cheers! DonP

Most of the corn grown in the U.S. is not the corn you'd eat, it is field corn, it has a very high starch content and is used in industry as fillers, or for certain plastics, or as ingredient in large animal feeds.

When I was a kid my English Aunt Ella came to visit for a while. She stayed with family members in various states. When she was in Western Massachusetts, we took her on drives around Historic Deerfield and the Berkshires. She saw the gracious homes with huge lawns. She was amazed. She remarked “All that land, and not a sheep on it!” She thought it was wasteful to grow grass, only to mow it to keep it short...sheep would do the job for free AND you would get wool or mutton!

We have a family farm in Indiana, every year we rotate between soybeans and corn. I saw a tomato field one time and I didn’t know what to do with myself.

If you're having problems picturing how much a bushel is just remember that it's the same as 4 pecks and that should clear things up for ya.

As a Kansas native " the most boring state in the Union", thanks for mentioning us. (We build lots of airplanes too)

A lot of fields in Japan are oddly shaped too due to them being so old going back further in history when more people were farming smaller plots and the plots usually followed the natural contours of the land. After the war the government redrew the lines for some plots to make them square and more accessible to machinery, but you still see lots of small oddly shaped family plots too.

You really missed a big difference, the American homestead of a quarter section of land. Free land which attracted millions of Europeans to immigrate to the USA. Google Maps satellite image shows the grid of square mile roads, a quarter section is a quarter of a square mile, 160 acres. Even in the more arid areas of the Great Plains you see the quarter sections irrigation crop circles as well. Why 160 acres? During the 19th century that was about as large a farm a farmer could plow with a horse which provided the farmer a middle class income. Check out Kansas. Check out the Homestead Act...

I am from a farming area in Idaho. We don't get enough rain for crops and as a result of the sprinkler systems, many of our fields are circles.

Our homesteaded farm here in Missouri has been in the family for about 200 years now. We had sheep briefly but my forebearers really disliked them and we've rarely raised them since. Fields even as recently as the 1960s were much more like those in the UK. As machinery grew in size, dividing fence rows were removed and fields became more rectangular. The 30 acre field closest to my house was once divided into 7 separate fields. You couldn't fit a modern combine into those spaces. Modern planting and harvesting equipment is massive.

You'll see those stone walls and weirdly shaped plots in New England. Makes sense. The whole cows/cattle thing is because we have both vast dairy farms and huge cattle ranches. Totally different beasts.

In Texas, the mild winter means being able to get in two crops, even three, selected carefully. Winter wheat or sorghum withe feed corn or cotton afterward are common to see. And the rapid-boll cotton now commonly used goes from green to leafless purple at the end of its season. Also, the corn crop is actually two crops. There's sweet corn for human consumption, and feed corn, which is used for animal feeds and industrial applications (like ethanol). Modern feed corn varieties actually stop making chlorophyll and look all dried up as they focus all energy on ear production.

Dry stone walls were common around fields in the northeast US. However, a lot of those farms, like my family's in Pennsylvania, went out of business over the 20th century as it became far more economical to farm the larger, flatter fields in the west. The prevalence of maize (corn) in the US diet, even indirectly via livestock feed, leads to a detectable difference in the human body of Carbon 14 (IIRC) and with history in the hair. A friend was one of the chemists involved in the study and one day popped into my office door (I worked at the same university) to say, "Hi! Can I have some of your hair?" for part of that study.

A lot of Ohio farmers seemed to switch from soybeans to wheat, due to the China trade wars. I do love the look of a wheat field. It is so pretty.

RE: the map at 1:58. Much of the dark green color in the Great Plains states is actually rangeland that's never been broken out, not farmland. Also, those things at 7:18 are bins for storing grain, not silos. Silos are filled with green whole plant material (corn, alfalfa, grass, etc.) to ferment into silage, which if properly done in airtight conditions pickles itself with lactic acid.

I grew up on one of those 'rectangle fields' farms you were flying over in Kansas. Especially west of the Appalachians our farms and fields (and many of our States, counties, and townships) are laid out as a result of surveying in the late 18th and 19th centuries. In Britain, many of the farm and field boundaries were established long before surveying was a thing.

Unnecessary wearing of a baseball cap indoors proves this geezer has integrated well . 😂👌

just saying, theres a town in Kansas called Lawrence

I drive one of them big rigs from coast to coast, after 22 years of doing this job I'm still amazed at how many cattle ranches we have !! I can't even go a whole day without seeing some cattle,i love em anyhow. Often I will wave at them and and yell "Hello cow boo's"

"I was busy flying a plane and didn't have time for facts." Aaaand, Lawrence drops the British sarcasm if the day m 😂

“Britain’s green pastures are generally greener” jokes on you I’m colorblind it’s all blue

7:20 those aren't silos, they're grain bins.

The farmland in the Finger Lakes of NY is on rolling hills, it's beautiful.

The Land Ordinance Act of 1785 is the reason why the mid-west is so blocky. Settlements before then, such as in the South and the East coast, are not blocky since they were founded before then. Essentially, the West and Midwest were divided into townships, 6 miles squared, and each township was then subdivided into 36 1 square mile subdivisions. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Ordinance_of_1785

Bushel always reminds me of my daughter’s favorite song to sing at night before bed...🎶”I love you a bushel and a peck. A bushel and a peck and a hug around the neck. A hug around the neck and a barrel and a heap...” 🎶 It’s from Guys and Dolls. All sorts of crazy units of measurement in there 🤣

The wonderful thing is the fact that American farmers make up less then 3% of the population and feed all of us plus 20% of the world as well! The only other comparable country is Canada, though they have a problem with a short growing season thus they import citrus fruits from California and Florida.

@Lost in the Pond You may have another video here: Those trees around all the fields you saw, they have a reason they are there. Look up "The Dust Bowl" I doubt it was taught when you were a lad.

You almost can't go out your door in Montana without seeing a cow. Or, at least be within 10 miles of seeing one. The top crop export from this state is wheat. It's beautiful to see the massive fields of gold in the breeze.

I'll point out the obvious. 2 mountain ranges and a desert take up land volume.

My mom grew up in a tiny town in Minnesota that relied heavily on farming and fishing. Her uncle owned a farm where he raised cattle and grew corn. I remember visiting that farm many years ago, and I miss going up to that little town. My grandpa sold his house about 7 or 8 years ago and moved down to Florida after my grandma died. When I was a kid, I lived in Texas. My family had a friend who owned a small farm and we'd visit frequently. When my siblings and I had too much energy, she'd put us to work wrangling chickens or herding goats. Before that, up in New York, I had a first grade field trip to an ostrich farm. Now I live in Nebraska, coincidentally about two hours from where my great-great grandpa ended up when he came over from a German colony in Russia in the late 1800s. I don't know any farmers now. I wish I did. I'm moving further into the city eventually to be closer to the hospital, but I would love to wander around on some farmland while my health permits it. There's a farmer who lives just beyond my backyard, but they don't really mingle with us suburban folks. I do get to see and hear them working the corn and soybean fields several times a year though.

7:25 "Sending crops into space" made me laugh-from the other side of story. I live US Midwest. Growing up, I always thought it funny that so many si-fi shows built their ships/rockets in or out of silos.

No public footpaths across fields in the US.

Poor Uncle Toby. Think he will ever get a chance to speak for himself?

"Again! An acre is the area of a rectangle whose length is one furlong and whose width is one chain"

I am blown away by the Comments here. Incredible interest and knowledge about land and farming history. Thanks one & all!!!

I was in the north of Wales during lambing season in 2008. I'll never forget it. I was able to go to a farm and got to hold the little lambs. They are so sweet! And the dogs that farmers use are the smartest dogs you can imagine, and so trained and controlled! They are amazing! I do love America for so many reasons, but I will say that we are woefully short on sheep. And thatched roof cottages.

You should check out South African farms. I noticed a lot with round shapes. Apparently there is some irrigation rig that goes in a circle. But they also have an overabundance of sheep. My in-laws thought all Americans were wealthy because we eat so much pork, chicken and beef, but little sheep. They couldn't believe it when i explained how pricey and hard to find lamb can be in the US vs. Beef. Now my nephews want to move here and raise cows!

One thing I saw a while back was a Scotsman commenting on the differences between Scotland and America. One observation went something like, "You go from one end to another and you see the same rocks, trees, grass. Go to America and every few hours you can see a different landscape." This is true and explains a lot of the differences. I grew up in California and have lived in Oregon, Idaho, Missouri, Arkansas, and have been to most of the states. There are so many differences between those states and my current home in Iowa that my mother-in-law, that just moved here from California, feels like she is in a different country. When I drove out here towing a trailer for her, I went from California cropland in the San Joquin Valley, where just about everything is produced- but not much corn- lots of oranges, of course. Over Tehachapi and down into the desert. Passing through Las Vegas and heading into Utah, the scenery is quite varied, but still, flatish until you get into Utah and see the wonderous colors in Zion National Park. This leads you over the Rockies to Denver, and every mile has something new to rubberneck. (Is that work in the British lexicon?) After the descent to Denver, you encounter lots and lots of Midwest farmland. To understand the differences, you need to understand the varied weather and humidity. Humidity is something I never considered for the first 3 decades of my life, having never experienced it. We moved to Arkansas in 1994 during December and when summer rolled around I thought I would die! Back home you had 110-degree heat, but all dry. A cheap swam cooler kept you cool and was affordable. In Arkansas and the midwest states, you can't use one, as it causes the walls to become damp like they are sweating. (I talked to somebody that tried it!) So lots of window units here, unless you can afford central air. But we have green all year round until it is killed off by below freezing temps. Back home you had a week or two of green in spring, then it all dies- you can see why the great concern about fires there. I grew up watching borate bombers go over our house, combating wildfires. In fact, the whole place was a tinderbox, and when responding to local calls Police always scan the crowds for one who has a history of arson. Yes, they light fires to see the excitement they can cause. What was my point? Oh, the differences in crops, colors, etc. I think it has to do with humidity and all that. The corn here is awesome, like nothing I ever had back home. We have lots of hog ranches, too. But no oranges. We ship them bacon and corn, they send us oranges and melons, or something like that. And I know from Basil Fawlty that Brits get orange juice in a can. We can, too. O is made from the smaller, less sellable oranges. I know, because I worked in an Orange Packing House during the summer. Out here in Iowa I would have tasseled corn, or fed hogs. So there you go, highly researched and ready for public consumption. P.S. our sheep would be packing, so don't push us, man.

I'm almost 60 years old and I'm a Texan. I've only eaten lamb once in my life, at an Indian restaurant about 40 years ago. I can't recall how it tasted, probably spicey. lol! I eat beef probably at least 3 times weekly. Last night I had an awesome filet mignon! :)

In the portion of the US where I come from, the no.1 cash crop is "the Devil's lettuce".

The party isn't over until the cows come home.

The animal numbers astonished me, here in Australia we have roughly the same number of cattle as people and nearly three times as many sheep. Oh, and our silos have huge murals painted on them by talented artists and there are silo art maps so you can find them as you travel around the country.

If you go to drier regions in the US you can also find lots of perfectly round farms. Center pivot irrigation. They're watered by a rotating sprinkler line. They're most common just east of the Rockies from the Northern Square part of Texas, through western Kansas and up to Southern Alberta in Canada.

I'm in the epicenter of corn, soybean and pork production, Iowa. It's true that the biggest share of corn goes into livestock feed or ethanol production. I don't know if it's still true, but at one time Iowa was second behind Texas in the number of miles of gravel roads. The roads were needed to move crops to the transportation hubs and back then there were thousands of small family farms.

Here in the US especially in more arid western states pivot crops meaning the sprinkler pivots from the center of a circle and is not a rectangle are quite common. Also to think the Central Valley of California produces a significant amount of the US crops for such a small region

As an inveterate Anglophile there is something I would like to recommend to you: "Alistair Cooke's America" Cooke was a Blackpool lad who took a job with the BBC, came to the US on assignment, and wound up staying. He got his US Citizenship in the late-'30s, conveniently before he would have had to go back home and join up (on account of that guy with the small mustache), and not long after the war ended starting doing recording for a weekly segment on BBC Radio entitled "Letter From America" wherein he explained his new country (or did his best) to the denizens of his old one. In the mid-1970s, he hosted a 13-part series produced by Time-Life Films based upon his 1973 book of the same name. It's a fascinating, albeit by no means conclusive, look at 200 years of the existence of the US as only a native Briton could tell it. In writing this I have been looking to see if it available on RU-vid, but it seems only individual episodes are hosted on any given channel and the Time-Life section of Internet Archive is grossly disorganized. So good luck, I have just set you a task which might not be do-able.

As a Texan, I was really surprised how much of our land could be farmland.

When I was a kid we spent summers working other people's ranches. I liked it, mainly because my job was "riding fence" (repairing fence-cattle are hard on fences). When I was 12 my mother talked me and my brother into converting our 2.5 acres into a farm. Doesn't sound like much but it was a tremendous amount of work. Most miserable year of my life. It taught me to never pick on a farmer. Not only are they dedicated, they understand the soil in a way you can never fathom.

Iowa Great Plains, here. Currently experiencing what I call hayfever season. Now that the crops are out the air is filled with grain dust and all flavors of manure. Love it. 😉

"Nine Bushels for Every Brit" sounds like it could be a song.

One reason for the grid pattern, especially the further west you go is because in colonial times, the English metes and bounds were used as survey boundaries along the Atlantic Coast and spreading out to those areas settled by colonials. However, a system known as Township & Range began to be used in territories acquired some time after Texas joined the Union. In the state of Texas alone, you will find that most of the counties in East Texas are metes & bounds but as you get past the west of San Antonio and up north in the Panhandle you see the Township and Range.

You will also find many circular fields in the US because they are irrigated central pivot irrigation systems, the water is drawn from an aquifer (unfortunately draining it faster than its replenished which will probably lead to an ecological disaster in the future)

7:30 dry stone walls were a big thing here in the US as well for hundreds of years. If you travel along the east coast of the US, especially in the areas where settlers first came, stone walls existed everywhere and in many cases, still do. Look for Dutch settlements in New York, for example. My family's own farm has stone walls everywhere. We also have an early irrigation system on the hilly areas that incorporates clay tiles, which are basically fired clay tubes and collect run-off water and carries it away from the farming areas.

Where I grew up in Northern California, the major crops in our area are almonds, walnuts, and rice. California grows many different crops, depending upon the location within the state.

I remember visiting Wisconsin in the 80s and seeing contour farming, which is essentially planting crops according to the lay of the land. Looks pretty cool.

Very interesting. I loved my time serving in the USAF with the RAF and RAAF in the desert. Conversations about things like farming and just everyday life were so much fun.

Between 1900 and about 1940, the USA had almost 7 million farms on 1.5 billion acres. Today we have only about 2 million farms on 900 million acres.

Ah, loved your mention of dry-stone wall. Hats off to the tough hardworking dry-stone wallers who've built into what'd seem like impossible places, hence the joke about "dry-stone walling is an appalling calling". You can tell which region you're in in Britain solely by the style of dry-stone wall - very noticeable differences.

"Where's the beef?!" from an old Wendy's commercial from the'80s

Laurence. There is a difference between arable and pasture land. US has more pasture land. But as you say, so few sheep. Wool is an important crop in Britain due to tradition. Not as much in the US. I do handspin so have my shepherds on speed dial. Another difference is that your ancient fields are yet surrounded by stone but also but hedgerows. Lots and lots with cute hedge hogs. British farmers also dress up as if going on a job interview instead of physical labor. The tweed jackets, wool waistcoats, collared shirt and tie. I think Americans would find that fascinating.

I love the U.K. It's a sentimental travel destination for me. I discovered this channel right after studying abroad in London. and it was like, so cool to hear a british person make the same comparisons i was making, albeit more informed.

My one time tour bus experience of the English countryside created a great memory of the giant pigs outstanding on their ground. Each pair had a huge box type shelter. I've never seen this in the U S.

Enjoyed your video and your perspective! As an American, our relationship with agricultural farming and beef cattle go way back in American history. Please research the history of the longhorn cattle, brought to North America by the Spaniards, creating vast wild herds of cattle. Also research the history of Western cattle drives, such as the Chisholm trail to name a few. Finally, research the "Mason County Wars" of the state of Texas, which involved the sheep ranchers vs. cattlemen. Which boiled down to the use of barbed wire (sheep ranchers) and the open range used by cattlemen. This war was both bloody and lawless, one of my ancestors was a Texas Ranger at the time, and was involved in the final arrest of the corrupt Mason county sheriff. Thus there is a reason that beef is still king in America, its as America as the Cowboy!

You should read some of the history between sheep vs cattle, especially in Texas. The are whole pages of ranch feuding between cattle and sheep ranchers. Basically, cattle ranchers wanted more of the green pastureland for cattle and would start shoot outs to get rid of sheep. Unfortunately, the cattle ranchers won.

Square plots, odd-shaped plots - we were sober when we laid ours out.

We don't call them cows in the US, they're called double cheeseburgers.

We do have dry stone walls on my family's farm in Tennessee (by which I mean our ancestral farm, not one my family currently lives on) but I was raised to call them stone fences. They're not walls in the sense of stopping people from crossing them; they're only meant to keep animals on the appropriate side. Hence the use of fence rather than wall, I think.

You need to look up the history of the Cattle Ranchers and Sheep Hearders in the US. The Cattle business has been for over a hundred years in the US actively lobbying against sheep and shepherds as they often fight over the same land. This is a big reason we don't have as much demand for mutton in the US. Its a really intresting history to go into

@LostinthePond Loved it! As someone who grew up on a SE English Horse farm and then did Animal Husbandry as an adult in the US, you hit the main points spot on! Hedgerows and stone fencing are one thing i miss. Some of our stone fencing in E Sussex was from the late 1600s and one of our barn houses (NOT used as such) was from the 1710s complete with thatch roof. Heritage said it was where they'd house livestock during hard winters. All of our buildings were 1680ish to Victorian era builds and my Godparents kept their thatching on all! I miss that 😕

The US was settled by people who cared about land ownership after surveying had been well developed. Flat areas like the midwest were divided into township and range, then broken down further into mile square sections. (640 acres) That was still quite large for a Wisconsin dairy farm, so it was quartered with the most common sized farm being 160 acres and the smallest working farm a quarter of that.

Farm wife in eastern Washington and our fields are rectangular because we have to water them with a wheel line irrigation system, a circle irrigation system or handlines (to get those awkward corners of the not-quite-rectangles. England gets so much rain that farmers there don't have to irrigate their land, they just have to be able to drive their tractors and combines on all parts of their fields. We could plant so much more if we didn't have to irrigate the fields!!

The first time my uncle saw the WTC twin towers he seriously said those are huge grain elevators. Everyone thought he was joking but no he was serious. He really thought they were grain elevators. Yeah he was a farmer in Ohio and Kentucky but he knew he was in New York City. He had left the Midwest as he served in WWII in Europe. It's a funny family story now.

I live in North Missouri and yes cattle do out number us but to be fair we like our burgers there are a lot of hogs in the US as well you got get bacon some how.

One of the things I love about you Laurence is your dry, deadpan British humor delivery. Sometimes you deliver your inane and mostly idiotic (but hilarious) jokes so subtly it takes me a half second to catch it and then I have to back the video up to hear it again and laugh in real time ;)

Those same stone walls can be found in new england. One area in Connecticut where I grew up had walls everywhere although there was no longer any farmland to be found. They are interesting to see in the woods.

I grew up on a large grain, sunflower, and sugar beet farm. The farming equipment in Britain is a lot smaller than the US. You need to fly over Western Nebraska where you can see a circle in a rectangle field and that is due to irrigation. My grandparents has sheep, cattle, and chickens.

There were more cattle in the UK once, before that whole Mad cow debacle.

Interesting. I grew up in New England which has loads of dry stone walls all over the woods which used to all be farm land, mainly sheep grazing land, before the Midwest was colonized. There's still some sheep, but nowhere near what it used to be. Only the stone walls remain.

In Nebraska, we put circles inside squares using irrigation machines called pivots. Often times the circles are not complete so it's really kind of a shame no one grows canola to make pack-man on satellite images.

I think if you flew over the east coast you would find that the farms resemble British farmes more. The boundaries tend to follow the terrain ub gukkt abd mountainous terrain. However, whe we expanded through the Mid West and the Plains, the land is fairly flat and the land was surveyed before being divvied up. especilly in the Plains where it was given out by the governmen as part of the Homestead Act.Thus the land was handed out in "quarter section, 160 acres (1/4 of a square mile or 640 acres) Further, there seems to have been a tendency to deetermine location of a farmer in terms of quarters of the quarter section. Ask the farmer's wife where he was and she would likely say he was in the north forty (acres) although that would likely actually be either the Northwest or Northeast forty.

Canadian daughter of a farmer here...we also called it “rape” seed. The term “canola” was used in the US basically....meaning “can” Canada and “ola” oil....trademark names of the Canadian rapeseed association. Americans preferred the name rather than rape.

Kentucky used to run sheep on tobacco farms. The tobacco barns were used for lambing in February or March after the tobacco had been taken to market. We had wooden gates that were stacked upright against the barn walls when not being used for lambing. It was very handy to climb the sheep panels (gates) to get in the tiers for hanging tobacco.

Big ups Mate! Your deadpan derivery is divine

I suggest you search for "Cows With Guns", it's awful, but funny.

Canola is Canadian, they changed the name from rapeseed for marketing. Lamb is to D****ED expensive here, I love it, but can't afford it.

The UK's field systems started about 6000 years ago, and for most of that time, nearly all of the population worked the land, so the fields follow terrain lines, contours, streams and many of the old fields were just enough for one family to grow food for themselves and a bit for market, so every square foot mattered, hence the funny boundaries. In Wales, you get ever stranger boundaries, as land was generally split between all of the sons of the family when the father died, meaning it kept getting smaller and smaller until someone had a minor war and stole a load from the neighbours (or just bought it). For a period in the 1800s, crown land was allowed to be settled by a family if they could put up a house in one day. If they had the roof up by sunset, they were granted all the land around as far as the man of the house could throw a hammer, that being a measure of how much land he could feasibly work.

The reason for the rectangular shape is the Jeffersonian grid of land division implemented across the Louisiana purchase lands so much of America's farmland is organized based on this grid.

That flight simulator is a poor representation of what farms look like. The average farm is much bigger in the U.S..

You saying "Past a farm" made my fat butt very excited for a moment.

Canola is a form of rapeseed that has been genetically modified to have lower levels of the toxic erucic acid, and therefore more suitable for human consumption (the oil). It also has lower amounts of glucosinolates, which gave rapeseed oil a bitter taste. The name "Canola" stems from the fact that it was developed in Canada (Canada + ola(oil)).

Those were grain bins(storage), not silos. Silos hold silage which is usually ground up corn with the stalk and slightly fermented animal food.

I remember when I was in the UK, I saw tons of pastures on the way to Bath. That was my first time seeing Pigs as big as humans!😳😳😳

The insomnia joke... I’ve been binging videos every night until 3am for more than a week straight now... help

I just love your site. Videos are so smart and quick.

That cut with the dongle and the Motorcycle was the most British pacing scene I've ever seen, amazing 👏

When you come to California, come see the San Joaquin Valley’s farm land. A Completely different type of farmland from what you see in the Midwest.

I think due to the large production of corn (it's in everything making us all fat), and loss of wheat crops, the agricultural industry is what sparked the gluten-free trend. Yes there are truly people who can't eat wheat gluten, but I'm talking about the trend for those who can eat it, but it's just not what they do anymore.

One thing I really liked about the UK (specifically Scotland where I visited a friend several years ago) was the amount of cheap lamb available in supermarkets there. In the US it tends to be hard to find and expensive but in Edinburgh where my friend lived it was in every store for a pretty reasonable price. In some cases it was even cheaper than beef. I like lamb; I think it’s really tasty and sheep are a little easier on the environment than cattle, so I wish we had it more frequently in the US. Then I could remake my friend’s lamb stew recipe that was so good.

Laurence, I think you are the funniest human I’ve ever heard!!! 🤣🤣🤪Your dry sense of humor is so refreshing to this American. IMO, I think it takes much more comedic skill to deliver a joke dryly, and allow it to bring about laughter on it’s own witty and clever merit, than to have a comedian or a laugh track laughing to have to almost lure their audience into laughing. When I first found your channel, you were at around 20,000 subscribers, so no wonder you have 171,000 now. BRAVO!! 👏🏼🤩😎😁