#5minphysics 

Prof. Krauss's 5 minute lectures are longer than 5 minutes due to time dilation. Njoying them alot!

Finally a master teacher I can sit and enjoy learning from, thanks for taking the time to upload these! Great for quarantine!! Thank you Dr Lawrence Krauss!

"If we take a hydrogen atom - I know this looks like a cow - but ..." LOLOLOLOLOLOL

Most simple and brilliant explanation of virtual particles ever.

Fascinating! I'm really pleased to see that you now have over 3000 subscribers and rising which just goes to show how popular these videos are becoming. So thanks again Lawrence. Have a great weekend. Take care and stay safe.

I'm loving these 5 (10?) minute lectures! The format is very natural, and like you said in the first episode, it's low-tech enough to show it to someone else. Although I'm now doing my PhD in Biophysics, it's always fun to come back to these foundational concepts. Hoping we get to see more of these lectures even after the quarantine :)

So, in the case of the double slit experiment; where photons were sent individually through the slits, one might come to the conclusion that, since their trajectory was not being observed, their past or future self could be traveling backward/forward in time as virtual particles and interacting with the next and/or previous photon's virtual particles, emerging as it was sent down the slits before or after the said photon; causing the interference which leads to the distribution pattern on the pannel. However, since the earth is moving, the future/past virtual particles will, yes be at the same time, but in different space. Thus unable to interact with the probability wave emerging when a photon passes through the neighbouring slit. In order to reconsile these ideas to explain the interaction due to the distribution pattern observed, one must take into account that during the unobserved photon's trajectory, it exists in a state of probability, it does not belong to one universe, but instead coexists within the spectrum of the neighbouring multiverses, where this interaction is also happening, but, at the right relative space-time locations, which would enable it's virtual particles to essentially interact with itself or the neighbouring slit's virtual particles, which would consequently produce a photon again. Withought the idea of the multiverse existing until an observation is made, collapsing the spectrum into a given universe, relative to the observation, the waves of probability would not intersect, thus the peaks and troths of the mesh would not present the given distribution pattern. Therefore, the double slit experiment supports the idea of the multiverse.

Best description of virtual particles! So informational and mind-blowing. Thank you!

Thanks professor Krauss. Looking forward to the continuation of LEARNING !!

Only just reading "a universe from nothing" and got to the first mention of Virtual Particles and with excitement had to look them up further, very happy to find Lawrence Krauss himself making videos!! I can't wait to watch the whole channel!

Congrats Mr Krauss I really like your work. Keep it going. One of the best science communicators in the world, congratulations!

Beautifully simple and clear explanation of how the simultaneity predictions of Relativity don't violate causality.

Thank you Lawrence very nice to see you making videos during this hard times, great videos and stay safe :)

Thank you sir for making such great videos. Teachers like you are treasures. My love for physics is still alive because of you even though school tried to destroy it.

Truly excellent! I loved this one. I almost always see the relationship between faster than light motion and time travel simply asserted, but rarely ever actually explained. You started touching on it here. If you could go more in depth about that, or give more examples in some future video, that would be great. Also, the relationship between uncertainty and virtual particles was a real "Ah ha!" moment for me while watching this. Fantastic!

The best explanation of virtual particles I have found yet. Thank you!

fantastic dr krauss

This was another mind bogglingly great lecture -- simply amazing in both content and delivery !!!

Hey thanks for making this video man, I was trying to wrap my head around the photon being an exchange particle for the electromagnetic interaction. Viewing this made it much easier to understand what im trying to think about

Really enjoying these videos. Amazed that you manage to explain what takes some physicists whole books in just a 10 minute video :-) Looking forward to next week's.

My new favourite youtube series ever :)

Great vid Lawrence. Appreciate it

Great! I always wondered the popping in and out of existence and was not satisfied with any explanation, until now.

thanks Professor Krauss! and especially for this one!! I'm not a pro, just a big fan of physics and science in general. I've read a bunch and saw a bunch of lectures in past years but this modest pen and paper you did here really gave me that "got it!" feeling :D I sure like cows too :p

Thank you for the superb explanation!

This one was very informative, thanks!

Amazing, time slicing (of backwards moving electron) cleared the mystic air around my head. : D

Mind blown, love it

Fascinating and always keeps me intrigued...just wish I'd kept my head down in math's and physics in school...just to be able to understand better.👍 and maybe win a Nobel prize myself.

CommanderLVJ1 +Lawrence Krauss I do not mean to be insulting but I have just got to say that you “dear sir” have fulfilled ever single cheesy mad scientist stereotype that I.can possibly conceive of!😃..!and I love it!..😍 Thank you (and everyone else who are trying to through various forms of media) for trying to teach and explain these sorts of things to everyone else: I just love whenever I see scientists such as yourself trying to reach out and engage with the general public; (obviously) not only is it mind bogglingly cool and amazing, it also gives people such as myself who are not professional scientists the chance to at the vary LEAST try and comprehend what the professional scientific community has learned; are learning; and understand, and I am deeply appreciative of and vary grateful for that.

Thank you ! Great video!

Thanks for posting on Facebook; I didn't know you were on RU-vid!

Brilliant explanation!

This is awesome!

Once again, THANK you

Thank you so much, these videos are wonderful! ps: have a great weekend yourself..

It is beautiful and crazy

Very precise and best explanation I ever have. My guide had tried to explain me this, but even he could not do better than you Sir. thank you .

Thank you this is amazing!!!

very interesting and amusing!

Thank you so much for your explanation sir.

Thank you prof!♥

Brilliant!

How can you not love this?

This was a very good video

Professor Krauss, Love your "5" minutes Physics. Anyway, I see that you _love_ that HUGE Notebook and you kind of all the time move it, and try to make sure that the camera "sees" it in a good angle, etc. Maybe you have a small whiteboard somewhere in your #StayAtHOME !? So you can just place is somewhere, make sure it is in focus, and do your graphical explanations and lovely high school math... This one, MAGNIFICENT talk! All the beast from locked down NZ.

Thanks again!

This was awesome!

Hey there, I don't know anything of physics as we don't have it at school yet, but this is so fk interesting!

Is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle a postulate or is their a mathematical derivation for it ?

Greetings from Germany. Delighting video, I wouldn't mind if these videos were even hours long, like lecture, or would include deeper maths. I have one question: What is your view of quantum gravity? Or a UFT? Will you do a video on that? I love your work, I've seen many videos and lectures, also with Richard. You guys are the motivation of my fascination for natural science and why I want to study physics at the university of bielefeld. Funnily some of the greatest physicists and mathematicians were germans: Einstein, Planck, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, Hertz, Gauss, Euler, Riemann, Leibnitz, HIlbert.. All the pop starts of 20th century scientists ;)

Incredible explanation, thank you! 2 questions (for anyone who knows what they're talking about) 1) Am I understanding correctly that virtual particles exist because for extremely small amounts of time a particle is going faster than the speed of light? 2) Do virtual particles change the momentum of the original particle? Sorry if these are nub questions.

sir i have a doubt ,even though electron can do crazy things for that short interval, the shape of the graph could be anything, why only that inverted shape was considered which predicted the particle anti particle pair. waiting for your answer, n thanks a ton for such a great content .

From where did the ability or property of producing virtual particles come to Empty Space?

Very fascinating, this is the first time I've understood what virtual particles are doing. If I am understanding correctly, @10:55 the virtual particles change the charge distribution in the atom and give rise to Schrodinger's wave equations for electron orbitals. Then, if we look at Iron (FE) for example, there are 26 electrons and a number of different electron orbitals (1𝑠^2,2𝑠^2,2𝑝^6,3𝑠^2,3𝑝^6,3𝑑^6,4𝑠^2) that sum together to give rise to a net magnetic dipole. Therefore, could we say that virtual particles are the cause of magnetism in some sense?

Thank you for the great video. Doesn’t this completely derail E=mc2?

so like, do we know almost for sure that there are particles that move backwords in time?

Cosmic Catch22 - sounds like good band

Huge fan for many years now, thanks a lot ... in this format, I just wish you could be more comfortable with the paper, probably set it up on a stand.

On the last note: Will do you a video on the derivation of bohrs atomic model and quantized energy levels?

Hi Professor Krauss and thank you for another great video! I have a question regarding the Heisenberg principal. If we use E=mc^2 can't we go from ΔxΔp > h to ΔΕΔt > h? Or in that case it doesn't work like that because the two theories are not exactly compatible? Thank you!!

Couldn't we derive the same formulas from a phenomenon that exhibits the same or similar properties of particles? Since we cannot see them, couldn't it be something else? It seem to me to be unscientific to assume that it's a "virtual particle" since science is observed.

Shouldn't delta x delta p be more accurately labelled as standard deviations?

PositronDynamics actually try to create a propulsion system from these antiparticles. I don't know though how can you create so much energy from something that you don't completely understand or observe, but it's a start I guess. I mean, it will happen eventually from somebody, sometime. My fear is that with great power, you have to be really cautious. Because it can definately been used for another weapon of mass destruction, apart from just a propulsion system. What are your thoughts on that Dr Krauss?

Please explain the apparatus to measure the spectrum of a hydrogen atom.

Where do the gamma rays go after they are created from a electron and positron pair.

Is that red wrist bracelet to protect you from antiparticles?

Are vitrual particles the answer to quantum gravity? Instead of recombining to itself they can recombin to other virtual particles. This generats a wave and flow.

If event 1 causes event 2, then 2 distinct observers can only disagree about the chronology of these events, if the time difference between the events, is equivalent to or more than, the light travel time between the physical events.

Could you explain how we assert the FTL travel of these electrons? Did you conclude that the virtual particles exist from the spectral measurement and then assumed that the particles must be travelling faster than light for a short time?

Wow amazing!! Do you have any advice on getting into graduate programs? I have my bs now and want to apply QM to the brain to derive a physical theory of consciousness. Do you know anyone working on something similar? Love the vids and can’t wait for the next one! Stay safe!

I should have watched this video before seeing Tenet!

As space is accelerating its expansion, are there not more and more virtual particles appearing and disappearing as "quantum foam"? Even if the virtual particles exist for only say a trillionth of a second, there are more of them existing now than there were even an instant ago, etc. So, how do we get our heads around that relative to the distribution of energy in the universe? I have heard it said that because virtual particles are actually just fluctuations in quantum fields, they do not really exist. But, does not quantum field theory say that everything is composed of fluctuations in quantum fields - including worlds, people, etc. ? If so, how are virtual particles existentially different? Or if, as some have said, virtual particles are just a convenient mathematical contrivance, do they really "exist" at all in any physical sense?

Mind = Blown/wow

I have Lawrence krauss as my personal physics teacher... I guess coronavirus is good for something!

Superb explanation! But doesn't this violate the first law of thermodynamics?

Thx

5 minutes physics ᵃᵗ ₂.₅ₓ ˢᵖᵉᵉᵈ

Get this man an eisel.

Virtual particles: Every time someone shine their intended, being based on fear or love, this intent spreads over large amounts of people, and sometimes CONTORCING or enhancing THE REAL SENSE OF REALITY!

Negative charge flowing backward in time = positive charge flowing forward in time? What a bizzare theory.

Where did those Virtual Particles come from, if there is nothing?

What I don’t understand is why this doesn’t lead to more matter being created. If matter is favored over antimatter by some mechanism in our universe - why wouldn’t that apply to virtual particles?

I normally never accuse physicists of poorly explaining concepts when the burden of responsibility is upon me to put in the work to learn by doing homework exercises. However, virtual particles is the exception. If physicists just said virtual particles are real, abstract mathematical tools/concepts that are necessary for other things to work, then I could accept them. However, not being clear about whether virtual particles are physical or not leaves me confused.

so what if every negative particle we see is traveling back in time? or / and every positive, also is actualy negative but backwards too? we just cant tell. the effect of it would be impressive: absolutely none.

Lawrence has had a strange effect on me, strangely inspiring. I listened to these kinds of explanation before but now I'm convinced it's not true. The whole theory of relativity and its consequences are based on the speed of light. If the message from the events were travelling at an unlimited speed, they would arrive instantly. If both observers were now made to travel at a high speed, that would make no difference. Even if their speeds were unlimited that would make no difference, there would be no relativistic consequence. When light, with its limited speed is introduced as the messenger, even space starts to bend. Very strange, but its all in the mind. We only take relativity to be correct because it coincided with some measurements. Otherwise, it's no more legitimate than the instantaneous transmission. Relativistic effects have nothing to do with the speed of light, observers, simultaneity or clocks. An object moving through space is not concerned with any of the former, nor is involved with any of them. The object is just moving relative to space and that is the problem. Physics has always assumed that there is no relative to space. This cannot be true. A moving body "knows" that it is moving, velocities are not relative, they are absolute. They are absolute because there are proportional effects on moving objects that are not relative. This is what this equation says: mr = m0 / sqrt (1 - v2 / c2 )

If their are different dimension Which one is quantum which one Is general relativity how many universe Will take to combined them. A trick question

👍🏼👍🏼

I dont wanna be like "that guy" but when ur on the second part of the time and space V check mark thing, and you add the 4 horizontal lines.. you're saying there's an electron going forward in time? - Shouldn't it go up the t thing? I dunno.. cheers

If you ever get around to the comments... I wrote a novel with a character that is a cross between you and Christopher hitchens. Dealing with science and religion. I would love to send it to you if there is a place I can send it. I really enjoy the videos.

doesn't a taceon beam help to find cloaked ships?

We have to multiply quantum mechanics by relativity to make the virtual particles newtonian.

I was lost when he picked up the pad of paper

If virtual particles do come into physical existence, as may be confirmed by fluctuating light frequencies, then maybe technically they aren't virtual, but transient particles.

Omg. He has a channel Yeah!!!!

I’m the first. Hello professor Krauss 😘

thanks for the lecture. next time try to write on a whiteboard. its hard to hold a paper and write with the other hand

What if virtual particals connected the events.

We know that electrons can produce photons and we can measure those frequencies very precise. But sometimes the electrons can produce deviation in the energy of those photons. No, that's not because the atoms are in permanent motion and collision with other atoms, neither that nuclei and electrons are also in an unknown random motion, that is because of some virtual particles. I don't see how a theory of a quantum devil is is worse than that. This can't be the best indication of the existence of virtual particles.

Don't you think that when the particle move back in time, it too move back in space ??? something realted to time and space evolution....