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A priori, Analytic, Necessary - Epistemology Video 15 

Victor Gijsbers
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This is video 15 in an introductory course on epistemology, the philosophy of knowledge. I explain the definition of a priori vs a posteriori, analytic vs synthetic, and necessary vs contingent. We also discuss why many philosophers think that these terms do not have the same extensions.
Victor Gijsbers teaches philosophy at Leiden University in the Netherlands. You can follow him on mastodon: @victorgijsbers@mastodon.gamedev.place.
This video is part of a lecture series originally recorded for my students during the 2023/2024 spring semester. The entire playlist is here: • Course in Epistemology

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6 окт 2024

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Комментарии : 14   
@shadgilbert4616
@shadgilbert4616 7 месяцев назад
I appreciate the time you've put into these-- I'm a doctoral student in philosophy, and these have helped a lot
@VictorGijsbers
@VictorGijsbers 6 месяцев назад
Glad that they're useful!
@alannolan3514
@alannolan3514 3 месяца назад
wonderful thank you
@joaolourenco7516
@joaolourenco7516 5 месяцев назад
I’m really enjoying your course, thank you very much! I would only like to say that I’m not very convinced by the distinction between a priori/necessary or a posteriori/contingent. One of the examples seems to say that water is necessarily h2o but in another sense water could not even exist if the universe had other parameters. (In that case, other things would exist and possibly other beings to know their chemical formulas, or maybe not :) ) This empirical definition seems to be necessary but given that it talks about the world I would say it is still contingent. I would like to learn more about this, but I didn't get the name of the author, could you please suggest some references for reading?
@JamesColeman1
@JamesColeman1 7 месяцев назад
Nice work
@Lukainka
@Lukainka 6 месяцев назад
You're the goat
@EdT.-xt6yv
@EdT.-xt6yv 7 месяцев назад
TY!
@stevengoltra2362
@stevengoltra2362 4 месяца назад
I am wondering how it could be contingent that I exist but necessary that I came from my exact parents. Seem to be of the same cause and effect
@VictorGijsbers
@VictorGijsbers 4 месяца назад
These statements are looking at different alternatives. It is possible that you might not have existed, and so your existence is contingent. But it is not possible (according to Kripke, I'm not taking that up as a claim myself) that *you* were born from different parents. Anyone born from different parents would not be you. So necessarily your parents are (insert names of your parents).
@stevengoltra2362
@stevengoltra2362 4 месяца назад
@@VictorGijsbers Thank you, that makes sense in the context of your lesson. Looking back I was confusing matters of freewill with necessary/contingent truth for those specific examples.
@jocr1971
@jocr1971 4 месяца назад
'shortest line BETWEEN 2 points' 'straight line BETWEEN 2 points' it's analytical. you can't just take the meaning of 'straight', 'shortest', 'line', and 'point'. you need to analyze it as a whole. in which case 'between' is what gives the whole a concrete meaning.
@jocr1971
@jocr1971 4 месяца назад
this whole notion of a priori knowledge just strikes me as nonsensical. even in the case of arithmetic/mathmatics i would have to have previous experience learning the meaning of the numerals and operators and the rules of operation.
@VictorGijsbers
@VictorGijsbers 4 месяца назад
But that's why I point out in the video that 'a priori' does not mean that one can know something before having had any experience, but that it means that one doesn't need to appeal to experience to justify one's belief.
@jocr1971
@jocr1971 4 месяца назад
@VictorGijsbers but there is an appeal to memory recall, which is experience. even if it happens so quickly that one is not aware that that is what has actually happened.
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