All right. I was worried something happened to him. We a have a refreshed v2 exhibit at the cosmosphere at hutchinson, kansas. His videos have helped to appreciate the display so much more. Thank you very much!!
Thanks, and good to hear about the V2 exhibit. It depends on what you mean; something did happen to me, I got four years older and five minutes wiser, and we all lived through the strange and unwelcome period of the pandemic. But I'm still fiddling with old rockets, so in that regard... KR RJD A&NTV
This was absolutely SUPERB!! Well done, and worth the long wait! So much excellent analysis and loved the experimental aspects with gyroscopes and more. I will pass this on to all my fellow rocket enthusiasts !!
Yay. This is one of my favorite RU-vid channels. Excellent use of models, diagrams and archive footage. The way you present this makes every bit of the V2 fascinating. With proper explanation one can appreciate all the design considerations they had to make for this rocket to function. Hats off for your effort.
Awesome video, though "schnellschluss" should be translated fast closure or even better "quick Closing". Schluss can also mean end or ending in General, but not in this case. Looking Forward to more V2 Videos.
The centrifugal overspeed trip is still used today. For instance a GE Frame 6 gas turbine generator uses a centrifugally activated weight mounted on one of the shafts of the accessory gearbox to trip a hydraulic valve and dump pressure to the normally closed fuel valves. With no pressure, springs force the valves closed, cutting off fuel.
Great Information. At 1.30,22 the drawing notes „verstemmt“ which would mean peened or pinned but not glued as you suggested. Thank you for sharing your knowledge. Near my hometown we have had several launchsites. Antwerp was the target from here. Thank you again ! 👍🏻
My first wife's father was a project manager on the turbo pumps for the space shuttles main engines. I regret that I wasn't more interested in the subject at the time, because I am facinated by it now, and I love your videos. Rocketdyne was literally right down the street from my house, and in fact we were on the same street, Canoga Ave., my house was 4430, RD was 6633. More than a few of my friends parents woked there as well.
Very impressive and interesting video!!!!! Great!! Thanks! Schnellschluss Ventil: schluss comes from schliessen, to close, so quick closure valve. Unburnt cooling fuel can very nicely been seen in the Saturn 5 footages as a black shadow.
Fantastic! You really are an expert. Really enjoyed the level of detail you went into. Today’s mainstream tv documentaries are dumbed down. Thanks for taking all the time & effort to produce this
The answer to Mr. Edson's question is , Yes! PDE (Pulse Detonation Engines) and aerospikes. I love your videos! You're an awesome human being and a credit to the whole human race. Thank you for sharing your obsessions with us!
YOUR BACK!!!!!! holy moly im so excited to watch another one of your videos! I absolutely love watching every single one of your videos multiple times over! So glad to see a part 2, thank you so much for your amazing videos!
Curiously you said "and on June, 20th 1944 it became the first human made object to pass the 100km Kárman line" and I notice I was watching this video at June 20, 2024, exactly 80 years later.
It felt like Christmas was here when I saw this video posted. I love the first video and this I believe is even better. I wish I had had you as a mechanical engineering teacher! You have a wonderful mind for being able to present the examples that explain very complex mechanisms and how they operate. My sincere thanks to you!
I just realized this is only a month old. God the times I've watched part one and wondered about part 2. I've never been more interested in pumps than i am right now.
What a pleasant surprise I got this morning seeing this video in my to watch. You do such a fantastic and throurough job in explaining how these machines worked...and yea, that sound of the turbopump spinning up does sound like a wild beast. I have zero doubt that creature in the clip was "voiced" by that V2 at White Sands. Also though, a similar sound is heard from the Titan II engines as the spin up for the Gemini fliights. Again, great video.
Still wonder what this is, a preview, anouncement or what , cause the 40 seconds start in the beginning , comments already open, chat open too. But I guess the longest wait on youtube for a 2nd part 4 years later, pre corona time I had seen the first part.
Hi there, it's a Premiere launch and the video will be avialable at the local time indicated - I can't say what that will be as I don't know where you are. But you should be able to see and hour count-down on the video start screen. I hope this helps - see you there maybe? KR RJD A&NTV
@@paradoxsl6360 Four years? A scantling in the ocean of time, a mere nothing, an unresolvable instant geologically. The Top Gun sequel was 36 years, so I'm strictly an amateur when it comes to delayed sequels. Thanks for your patience - I hope you enjoy the presentation. KR RJD A&NTV
@@RocketPlanet I started watching your videos as a mechanical engineering undergraduate . Now after four years Im about to watch your precious video as a graduated Engineer. It might have felt as quite a time for me since i was in the university for the past four years while passing through many experiences ,retaining to the hope to see your video at any moment . Yes i totally agree with you , Its nothing compared to the vastness of the ocean of time . This is Invaluable knowlege. A gemstone in RU-vid. Respect your work Robert!! ParadoxSL- (Hasitha Eranda from Sri Lanka).
What a great deep dive into the technical bits of rocket history. Your use of simplified models make a complex subject much more comprehensible. Thank you for your hard work Mr. Dalby.
Without doubt, the Astronomy and Nature TV's channel on the design and development of the A4/V2 is the most well-researched and presented series of videos on RU-vid. The comprehensive use of models, real artefacts, period film footage and design drawings to explain how the rocket worked is second to none. Simply superb!
Fabulous information, well worth the wait. I'm in awe of the engineering that went into that rocket during a time a war was being conducted and many other projects in the works simultaneously.
I hope this goes without saying, but I greatly appreciate your use of practical and understandable demonstrations to give insight to and explain complex phenomenon. While it's undoubtedly far more costly (both monetarily and in time) than throwing together a PowerPoint or write up, particularly for such a technical subject, your style of teaching/explanation is far more effective at both facilitating a 'true' understanding for the viewer while watching the video as well as (and possibly more importantly) retaining that understanding after watching the video. If I was the Royal Institution I'd be begging you to give lecture(s) for their RU-vid channel! This content deserves far more exposure than it receives in my opinion, thanks for the great video and keep up the fantastic work! c:
IT’S FINALLY HERE!!!! Thank you for all your hard work, that was absolutely fantastic! I learned a lot and your demonstrations are phenomenal. Keep it up, can’t wait for more content!
You tease away - I need teasing! I don't deal with the math/ballistic logic of throttling back two-thirds from 25-ton to only 8-ton thrust in this video, I'm afraid. The methodology is mentioned in a few places but not covered in depth. A complete discussion of this principle will be covered when we look at the V2's trajectory and, specifically, the role of the "black box" integrating gyroscopic accelerometer. But please subscribe otherwise, you might miss it! KR RJD A&NTV
I really like your videos, I think unique in it's kind. Like all the modeling. A rocket always rotates around it's Center of gravity. Sometimes model rocketeers also do a swing test to see if a rocket is stable. They put a string in the center of gravity and swing it around and see if it flies forward.
This kind of material would've been wonders to watch when I was a child. When I was a child in the 2000's, it seemed most technical stuff directed towards children was unsophisticated. Don't get me started on the NASA channel. Your work in regards to the V2's details and the science behind it is a breath of fresh air! P.S. Can you make a short of the turbopump sound? That alone gave me chills and a nervous laugh/cry.
Hi there, good question thanks. No you didn't miss anything, I didn't go into detail about a specific "solution" as such. In broad terms, the total influence of the roto-dynamic forces of the propellant pumps needs to be factored in at the design stage. And of course they were in the case of the A4/V2. But this earliest of large missiles had a weak and slow control moment that made the missile very vulnerable to all influences impacting it's attitude in flight - especially for the first few seconds of flight. The trim tabs on the fins, in place for trimming out aerodynamic asymmetry and stabilising roll control, have zero useful effect until the missile has achieved significant velocity. And the graphite jet vanes only steered a reduced percentage of the jet thrust - and had barely enough fast-acting torque to counter these roll influences as long as they stayed within limits. Indeed 'barely enough' is a phrase that haunts the design history and limitations of the A4/V2 missile. You won't see these gyroscopic influences (at least only very rarely) in modern missile flight because our current understanding of the control moment is profound and allows us to exceed the limits by a much larger margin than was available to the A4 designers. So things only had to go a little bit wrong with the A4 for it to lose the thread and move into positions beyond it's control recovery limits. KR RJD
yes. i thought that too. i have a mechanical engineering degree but was still fearful this would be far too advanced for me. instead, it was a pleasure to watch and a reminder that people who really know their onions can explain complicated ideas simply and not blind you with science unnecessarily.
With regard to understanding and visualizing the "external combustion" phenomenon, I wonder if the following would help with visualizing it. There is a visual phenomenon called "mach diamonds", in which a series of diamond (or sometimes bubble-shaped) shaped patterns are seen in the exhaust of a rocket or a high performance aircraft on afterburner. They are easiest to see if the exhaust is of a mostly transparent nature. (An example of this would be Titan II ICBM test launches, or Titan II /Gemini manned launches.) I understand that this visual phenomenon comes from the interaction of the super/hypersonic exhaust with the relatively still surrounding air. Am I barking up the wrong tree here ? Or is this a similar phenomenon to the "encapsulation" discussed in this video ?
1:19:42 You show increased pressure downstream (exhaust) affecting the pressures upstream (combustion chamber) in your "static" demonstration. While that most definitely can happen in subsonic flow, anything downstream of a supersonic flow cannot affect anything upstream of it. That is literally the definition of the speed of sound - it is also the speed of push and the speed of causality in the matter. No matter what happens downstream, the combustion chamber remains entirely unaffected as the gas flow through the nozzle is supersonic and information cannot make it's way back. Any increase in performance would be aerodynamic in nature most likely due to increasing the width of the boundary layer between the exhaust and the slipstream and the rearrangement of shocks that superheating the exhaust gas would cause (increased temp increases the speed of sound in the matter). It might also increase the efficiency of the nozzle as at altitude the nozzle would naturally be getting increasing over expanded thereby decreasing efficiency. This effect may help normalize that.
Hi, first of all, great video! I love the series and how much it goes in to detail. Lovely job! As a German I couldn't help but notice a few minor inaccuracies in the translation. First of all, on the issue of German humor: I fear that "Schlagring" is not as funny as it sounds. I would roughly translate it to "striker ring" or "impact ring". The part next to it is referred to as "Schlagbolzen" which is the German word for a firing pin, akin to that in a gun. The striker ring in that case serves the purpose of a striker in a gun. Second and not nearly as interesting is the "Schnellschluss"-part. The translation of "Schluss" to finish is technically correct, but "cutoff" or "shutter" as it spelled later on in one of the drawing translations is a more accurate term in this case, as the part quickly closes or cuts of a connection, which is the German meaning of "schließen". Third, the word "verstemmt" in the drawing describing the wedge plate closing the blade channels means something like "wedged in" or "press-fit". A "Verstemmte Verbindung" or "Verstemmung" in german is a press-fit connection between two mechanical parts. I am pretty sure that there was no caulking involved, at least that is not insinuated by the description. Feel free to contact me, if you'd like me to give you quick pointers on technical translations for future videos. Keep up the great work!
Good Morning; should you wish to hear repeated examples of the 'V2-Bumper' ramping-op shriek of the fuel pump's turbine, select any clip of the launch of a 'TITAN-2', (with sound ..), and you'll hear THAT shriek; it's a well-known, (and frequently commented upon by whomever is commentator of said clips), 'artifact' of launches of that booster. And it 'shrieks' for EXACTLY the reason the V2s turbine does. I enjoy your series of videos greatly, Mr.Swann, S/W-U.K.
The gyroscopic inertia of the turbopump caused the missile to lurch around, and these internal stresses against the rotor destroyed it. But in the video it isn't described how how they fixed this problem! Can some PLEASE illuminate me?
Could you release that engine startup sound separately as a Short? I never heard such a thing before. Reminds me a bit of the "Titan-Whoop". (On a different note, it somehow sounds like someone screaming "Full Poweeer!", and I cant unhear it...)
Hi Robert, Schnellschluß Ventil does not mean quick finish but "fast closing valve". Schluß can have multiple meanings in German. Closure as well as end. And Kurzschluss means Soirt circuit. :-). Ciao, Bernd
Hi, I’m from Italy, I study Aerospace Engineering and I want to thank you because your videos are amazing! Could you please add the automatic subtitles to this video? I can understand english well but with subtitles would be easier, specially for specific terms, thank you.
So, the the final stage of augmentation((burning of fuel (?))) occurs outside/downstream of the rocket's nozzel... Is this additional thrust a result of just more pressure from the additional fuel combustion,,,,,or is it from the circumferential pressure that squeezes the exhaust gasses into a tighter and higher velocity stream? Both? And other phenomena?
How terrible it is that you have to put a disclaimer up against accusations of nazi glorification on a channel which is obviously technically obsessed! I've often wondered why SOMEONE hadn't marvelled over the turbine pump before - I've read a few mentions - but you taken it to it's proper level. Shame on Internet world for not taking more interest. Full credit to you.
Wow, that exhaust spectrum at 1:02:53 is incredible! The heavy sodium and manganese lines from the Sodium Permanganate outshine everything, but it’s so cool to see the light potassium line at the top (probably from minor potassium contamination in the permanganate) and probably the most interesting of all is the bright calcium oxide line - where did it come from? The fuel was 75% alcohol, not anhydrous so they didn’t need to dry it using CaO, did they dilute anhydrous alcohol for control or purity? So interesting
The vw 1600 air-cooled motors had the most well built and designed fans ever fitted to a road vehicle. Porsche fans I'm pretty sure we're made in same factory as vw just w that dirty poorshe stamp on it (throws the balance all off lol)
Superbly explained... Though I could not understand that part , how they overcome the gyroscopic effect of the impeller which resulted in those mishaps ?
does anyone know the facts that happened the first time von braun launched Explorer 1 which was our first attempt to orbit a satellite around the earth ? after the missile escaped earth's gravity it completely vanished off radar .. after a period of time had gone by and everyone had assumed the worst , Explorer 1 that had already ran out of fuel breaking away from earth's gravity showed up back on radar but this time it was going 600 miles per hour faster and some 600 miles higher than it was designed to do and without any fuel to do it !!!!!!!!!
You should have had the gyro spin axis vertical to stabilize the rocket on pitch and roll. As you had the spin axis horizontal it was stabilising in only one of those axes plus in yaw
Absolutely fascinating. Once upon a time, there used to be programs like this there used to be on bbc science programs or the discovery channel, alas all gone. Recall Prof laithwaites Christmas lectures?
Metal detecting near Hoxne in Suffolk I found many components including part of the peroxide canister. It’s oddly Dense and none ferrous. I wondered if you knew what the material is?
I don't even know what to say... Here in Africa 🌍 getting ro see a rocket is like a journey to Jupiter.. let alone understanding the physics and operation of one 😢. But i love it and the only one who is helping me is you. God bless you in abundance and please if i can chat you personally it will be a dream come true. Thank you and more blessings
A good analogy for how external combustion is contributing power is to imagine an explosive on a sandy beach. The explosive is largely going to expend its energy as a pressure wave through the air as its one of the paths but newtons laws of motion also state the equal and opposite reaction. The chemical energy is going to radiate in all directions (in 3 dimensions) so some of the energy MUST be directed into the ground/sand below the explosive charge, thus some sand is going to be displaced from the energy expenditure even though displacing the sand is more work than displacing the air. You can also consider military aircraft where the afterburner dumps fuel into a nearly fully oxidizer depleted jet column so most of that fuel is going to burn externally as the fuel encounters additional atmospheric oxygen to burn. If such external combustion did not work, you would not see it used in high performance aircraft.
It took me a while to learn why the fuel pump is turned off at 5000 rpms. Fuel pump only turns off after the rocket has traveled 120 miles and all the fuel is burned up. If fuel pump goes to 7000 rpms it will self district and destroy the rocket and rocket never reaches its target.
You should see my Grandpa's "Reichsflugscheine" first! The V2 is stone age against it. Did you know that there is a fourth and even a fifth finger with the right-hand rule? Yes, Yes, gravitation is also something electrical! With our momentary view of gravity, the planets should not remain on their orbit. but... Just kidding. Thanks for the great content and thanks to the algorithm which brought me here in the first place.
the problem is the fixed nozzle, what would have happened if they made the move and counter act? Where there valves between the pump and "fuel" tanks? 56:27 these connectors look like they are made by Bosch. Amazing science and research you have shown, You think the Germans figured that out? ... to what is happening inside the pump.
I am surprised the draughtsman didn't know that you do not dimension hidden detail. The guys who checked and approved the turbine rotor drawing didn't know either, apparently.
Very fun very cool. I think there should probably be a banner running along the bottom reminding everybody who it was who built this, why and their horror. Also the temporal fitment of this video is interesting on a couple orthogonal levels.
