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ADHD & Digital Medicine (Apps & Games) 

Russell Barkley, PhD - Dedicated to ADHD Science+
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Here I discuss the new field of digital medicine for treating ADHD. This is just a fancy relabeling of the use of games and other apps for treating symptoms of ADHD. While there are more than 300 such apps having some relevance to ADHD, the ones most likely to appear in the trade media recently are the Endeavor video games (Endeavor Rx for children, and EndeavorOTC for adults). I discuss the two studies that have been published on this particular app to illustrate the issues with determining if such apps work to treat ADHD in real life settings. Most such apps have no evidence at all. To date the evidence available for this form of digital medicine (Endeavor) is thin and not especially compelling when one looks closely at the details of the studies. The problem here is similar the earlier app, CogMed, that was marketed to improve working memory in ADHD and thus inattention. And that is the problem of showing near vs. far transfer of treatment effects. It is much easier with these games to show that there is some benefit on a lab task or test that is similar to the game. It is far more difficult to show that there is far transfer to improved behavior in natural settings, which CogMed failed to convincingly do. And the same is true for Endeavor and other apps at this time. At this time, my advice is buyer beware. The prevailing evidence base is thin to nonexistent for digital therapeutics for ADHD.
References:
Shuman, A. J. (2023) Mobile mental health apps: Should we recommend them? Contemporary pediatrics, 40 (8).
www.contempora...
Kollins, S. et al. (2020). A novel digital intervention for actively reducing severity of paediatric ADHD (STARS-ADHD): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Digital Health, 2(4), e168-e178.
doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30017-0
Kollins, S. et al. (2021). Effectiveness of a digital therapeutic as adjunct to treatment with medication in pediatric ADHD. NPJ Digital Therapeutics, 4(1), 58.
doi: 10.1038/s41746-021-00429-0.

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8 сен 2024

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Комментарии : 44   
@meganhofer7979
@meganhofer7979 10 месяцев назад
Being on another app is the last thing I need, personally. Seeing ads for these often struck me as a cash grab since ADHD has a lot of buzz right now.
@drew9000
@drew9000 9 месяцев назад
in university 10 years ago I participated in a study where I played a "brain game" like 3 times a week and periodically would go into the lab to be tested to track my progress. These were luminosity style games and I was hopeful they would help me in school. I asked a few times how I did but they werent allowed to tell me. After 3 months I was informed the study had ended because NONE of the participants had shown any real improvement at all. I think the games were a nice way to warm up my brain before doing homework though, so not a total waste.
@TS-yd6cn
@TS-yd6cn 8 месяцев назад
Hah! Thanks for sharing, that's interesting to know.
@Yosetime
@Yosetime 3 месяца назад
That totally makes sense. I think Cognitive Behavioural Therapy/Training is great for increasing awareness and cognitive skills. But you cannot 'teach' your brain to produce dopamine or norepinephrine by practicing something, whether in real life or digitally. I can learn to play a game and become a master of it, but that will not compute to helping my ADHD symptoms on a daily basis.
@jamiejohnson5748
@jamiejohnson5748 10 месяцев назад
I was wondering about these! I also saw them on my newsfeed. I suspected it was gimmicky. It's nice to have my skepticism confirmed from a more trusted source. The news site I saw it on has a tendency to pump out any article for ad revenue. Thanks for the video!
@jp301
@jp301 10 месяцев назад
This has been the most difficult medical experience of my life. My son is 10 years old and I know he has ADD but trying to get a medical diagnosis has been extremely hard. I also think there might be possible autism very low on the spectrum but since I have drowned myself into help my son, I am leaning more towards ADD. The school has been marginal help and after threatening to sue I was granted a full evaluation. The psychologist found auditory processing and executive function issues but the schools do not diagnose. I am now trying to get into my doctor, who to be honest has no expertise in this area, and just wants to throw mediation at my son. I was dead set against meds at first because of how young they wanted to start him but since watching your videos I know I have dropped the ball. I just didn't like the process of throwing dosages against the wall and see what sticks. Your videos have helped me be more confident talking with doctors and psychologists. I have an appointment with my son's pediatrician next month to try medication and to get a medical diagnosis for ADD. In your experience, do you have any mediations and dosages for a 10year old boy 5'2" 110 pounds? He tried guafacine for about a month at a low dosage and I saw no changes so we stop. Now that I know more about sticking with medication until you get it right I am excited to here your thoughts.
@opalcolon4902
@opalcolon4902 10 месяцев назад
Hey I'm not a doctor, but a person who takes meds and has an ASD kid. 1 month is not enough to see a result, it's usually 6 weeks. Also when they start low dose it's for results and tolerance, they need to know that your child will not have adverse reactions. Guanfacine is for impulse control, but also helps with emotional disregulation. My son was on it as well, he felt like it didn't help; I noticed a difference. All this to say don't give up, don't be scared and a good psychiatrist will never just throw medication at you. If you feel like you can't trust them, they don't educate on the plan for what they want the medication to do: try to get another one. Just remember you're doing your best with what you are offered. Especially if you have ADHD yourself.
@jp301
@jp301 10 месяцев назад
No that I see the more severe symptoms in my son I know now that I suffered from this and I'm going to make an appointment with my doctor. Thanks for the encouraging words. @@opalcolon4902
@OrafuDa
@OrafuDa 10 месяцев назад
Hello, I am also not a doctor, and waiting for my ADHD & ASD assessments, but after attending ADHD self-help groups for a year, listening to experts like Dr. Barkley on youtube and reading as much as I can, I can confirm that what @opalcolon4902 wrote matches what I believe to have learned. Please let me explain and expand. First of all, there seems to be no reliable way at this point to predict what type of medication and what dosage will work for someone. It is highly individual, and unlike many other medications, also not predictable from body weight or age. It rather seems to depend on how quickly the person’s body metabolizes the medication (for example in the liver), and on the sensitivities of various receptors for neurotransmitters in the brain (or elsewhere). And maybe there are other factors as well. The body may also adjust to the medication, which is why some side effects may improve after a few days or a week. I heard several times that low doses of a medication are tried first, to see if that medication has any intolerable side effects. That means, the first dosages can easily be too low to show any effects, positive or negative. If there are no side effects, the dosage can be increased. Basically, the doctor tries to increase the dosage until positive effects reach their peak, but stops when intolerable side effects appear. Depending on the side effects, the doctor and patient may also continue to try for a week or so to see if these side effects become tolerable or even go away, after the body adjusts to them. If this doesn’t happen, and there was no “good” lower dosage found before, then this type of medication is abandoned and another type of medication can be tried. Unfortunately, despite trying, research does not seem to have found any way to predict the right ADHD medication and dosage. So far, this try-out method seems to be the only way that leads to useable results. But it also seems to be relatively safe, because small dosages are tried first, and the trial of a type of medication is stopped when intolerable side effects persist, or cannot be tolerated from the outset. All the best for your progress, and fingers crossed for you and your kid. 🤞
@sheppycider123
@sheppycider123 10 месяцев назад
Hey, speaking from personal experience and from my discussions with my own doctors during the diagnostic and dosing process - weight etc does not really impact the therapeutic dose necessary, it is much more related to the persons metabolism and brain. My doctor said she had petite female patients on very high doses for effective treatment, and big muscular guys on a very low dose that was just as effective. Stimulants like methylphenidate work immediately and don’t stay in the system over extended use. At 10, you should be doing your best to control the environment for your kid to help them focus, but god I wish I was on meds when I was young. It impacts so much - for example, if I was medicated at school I wouldn’t feel like such a failure when work got hard - why could all my friends sit down and study and get on with it but I couldn’t? What was wrong with me? Why am I so lazy? It wasn’t till university I actually had the push to get diagnosed since the work was so much harder and the school structure was gone. I did not want to fail my degree. I never tried guanfacine or atomoxatine (I think those are the non stimulan meds) so can’t speak to those, but stimulants gave me such freedom. I could go get groceries when I wanted, I could study and get up when I wanted, the huge inertia for tasks was gone. Sure I still had to choose, but now I actually got to choose to do what I wanted.
@jp301
@jp301 10 месяцев назад
@@sheppycider123 thank you for the insights this is the type of thing I see happening in my son. His brain is morphing to the perception of failure and the peer rejection. I'm doing everything I can to make his environment positive less stressful and I'm having lots of conversations with him about his self-esteem. I'm going to take all the information I have as his father from the schools to the doctor and hopefully they can get him on a medication plan that frees him as you describe so well.
@johnroekoek12345
@johnroekoek12345 10 месяцев назад
Inattentive type here. I use the app fabulous which helps me for a year now.
@SunnSkullDream
@SunnSkullDream 10 месяцев назад
The Finch Care app has been helping me a lot.
@patriciajump9511
@patriciajump9511 10 месяцев назад
If you can use the apps that are supposed to keep us organized, you may well not have ADHD. "Out of sight, out of mind" describes my brand of ADHD, and these apps put your stuff in little holes and you have to remember where you put your stuff. Doesn't help me at all. It does indeed help me to do a lot of whatever tge job is that I need to be good at, because that way stuff goes into my long term memory, where it pops up later, when I need it. But that is still putting stuff in "little holes" (long term memory) and I can't manipulate the stuff. It just is available when an immediate need arises.
@jamiejohnson5748
@jamiejohnson5748 10 месяцев назад
I don't think apps can help treat ADHD, but I'm sure that for some people they help with organization. I find it helpful to use the reminder function on my phone that will remind me to do things at specific times of day. Some prompts I have for it: - remind me on the 28th and the 30th of every month to buy a bus pass for the upcoming month. - remind me every night at 11pm to charge my phone and to set my alarm for the following morning if needed. - if I need to study, I have an app that will send me an update twice an hour with "did you get distracted" to remind me to get back on task - remind me at 10am - record that i took my medication if i did, or take it now if I haven't already. - a reminder on the first of every month to pay rent It's not complicated, or a system, just failsafes. It takes advantage of the fact that I'm on my phone a lot. I do not think a digital calendar would help me, because sometimes I forget to add things to it. Physical works better. If I could find a way to export my work schedule from Verint to google calendars, maybe I'd give it another shot. But digital reminders that I can set up once and have for the duration of my life? That feels worth it. I want to automate everything I can to outsource working memory. The way I see organization or productivity apps - use what works for you and throw away what doesn't.
@Dancestar1981
@Dancestar1981 10 месяцев назад
That’s it it’s the working memory that isn’t great once information like general knowledge is stored in long term memory it’s there for keeps until you have to move it back into working memory to access it. Other issues are time blindness and instructions have to be written not verbal as auditory channel doesn’t work for those but it will for music, dance,drama,and musical trivia. It must use a different part of the brain.
@Dancestar1981
@Dancestar1981 10 месяцев назад
@@jamiejohnson5748for me setting alarms helps for certain things but I find a physical calendar up on my wall that I write everything on far superior
@veeveri
@veeveri 10 месяцев назад
I don't think video games in general could 'treat' or 'improve' symptoms of ADHD. It'd probably worsen symptoms more considering how frustrating and addictive many of them are these days. So many games are often time-consuming with little to no reward, broken and repetitive, filled with gambling (gacha, MUT, lootboxes), and flooded with paywalls to premiums (microtransactions to high quality digital cosmetics or gameplay enhancing items). People with ADHD are already at higher risk of addiction (impulse spending, games interrupting responsibilities) and have poor emotional control (person gets angry when game is broken or cant stand losing). A lot of these aspects come from very popular titles so its not like they won't miss seeing these things in the games they come across. I honestly don't get how this medium could be used as a solution to this very complex disorder. I have ADHD (more inattentive) and a frequent gamer and took a peek of some of these games. They honestly looked pathetic and boring. I'd be scratching my EYES and brain matter out if I played any of it.
@Dancestar1981
@Dancestar1981 10 месяцев назад
If you have adhd and are a gamer your better to play something that interests you and doesn’t contain any micro transactions it used to be so much easier years ago I’m 42 and have been a gamer for 37 years
@shadowmystery5613
@shadowmystery5613 10 месяцев назад
😂 lol yeah I always bitch at whales because my neanderthal brain just doesn't wanna understand that these people paid for being so uber powerful I consider myself immune against Microtransaction though, maybe I am just to intelligent to fall for them but I hate RNG in games in general because I want to earn my rewards in a legit way and not just a lottery happens to say so - it's exactly this lack of control and the absurd prices in many games that keeps me away from them.
@astrocslopes863
@astrocslopes863 10 месяцев назад
The other day I was talking to my mother about gaming (I’m 33, been doing it basically since I remember myself so lets say for 30 years), and realised how LUCKY I was to come across them from an early age and that video games were the “stimulating” behaviour that got “attached” to my adhd, because we tend to go for riskier behaviour and substance abuse, I saw it as video games being my susbtance, and thanks to them I learnt A LOT about history, became fluent in English (my second language), learnt resource management and strategy, socialised in multiplayer games, dabbled in mapping and 3d modelling, learnt all I know about computers. It wasn’t always easy and specially towards my mid-late 20s I stigmatised and self blamed myself for my gaming, all the while being blind to the fact I was successful in life (law degree, self employed). Only at 31 when I joined a startups and started working from home did I get the space to investigate why I had so much trouble working. Got diagnosed this year at 33, started medication and meditation (I like fixed point gazing), played spiderman and a round of Dota yesterday, play at most 1h every other day, dont crave gaming AND LOVE LIFE. I grew up in a place with easy access to drugs. Imagine I never played video games and tried drugs, where would I be now?
@raylax7056
@raylax7056 10 месяцев назад
vow I actually did Cogmed Therapy for 5 or 6 weeks as I recall, and I think it did help my math skills improve for sure, but like Dr. Barkley states, not sure it improved my inattention skills overall
@stmcm
@stmcm 10 месяцев назад
Dr Barkley, I wonder: How would you design an app that would actually have a real life benefit for people with ADHD? Or would you say, an app per se is just not a good way of help?
@russellbarkleyphd2023
@russellbarkleyphd2023 10 месяцев назад
I would say an app such as the Endeavor game is unlikely to help with what is a performance not a skill or knowledge disorder. Some apps, such as time management ones, may help cope with that aspect of ADHD but don’t treat it. Game apps claim to treat it but the evidence is not very convincing if there is any at all.
@stmcm
@stmcm 10 месяцев назад
What about apps that are based on a token economy - defining tasks of the day, receive tokens for it and redeem them for the fun parts of the day. @@russellbarkleyphd2023
@perlaguzman2625
@perlaguzman2625 10 месяцев назад
Thank you for all this valuable information - Dr. Barkley, my child was diagnose with ADHD combined type and she is 9 yrs old She takes CONCERTA in the mornings and Guanfasin at night time - the problem is that she is very aggressive and we are tryinng to control this behavior since is only at home . any advise will be helpful , thank you.
@BongShlong
@BongShlong 10 месяцев назад
I was a somewhat aggressive child, it had two reasons: I was easily angered (emotional dysregulation) and easily bored. What might help is counterintuitive but a combat sport might be good. You use a lot of energy, you learn what violence does to people after getting your ass beat by a stronger opponent and you learn respect, have a routine etc etc. Jiu Jitsu, kickboxing or wrestling might be a good place to start. Girls can fight, too! Good luck!
@bagindaraja9452
@bagindaraja9452 9 месяцев назад
I really really need advice on how to improve working memory performance because I really have difficulty understanding text when I read
@flyingfox707b
@flyingfox707b 2 месяца назад
Thank you for your imput. I came across the game toady and as an adhd, but with a degree in archaeology, i am a bit skeptical about cmaims of this or that.
@ehsankhodadadi5448
@ehsankhodadadi5448 10 месяцев назад
Very good ❤
@lauraagigian8653
@lauraagigian8653 10 месяцев назад
Perhaps taking a 20 minute walk during the time that you would otherwise play this game would be more beneficial to helping “treat” ADHD symptoms!
@ezbrcime5577
@ezbrcime5577 10 месяцев назад
When i woke up o i dont wanna full fill my brain social media things but if i dont play with my phone until get med (Concerta) it takes 2 hour making thing to get done. Is there any advice for my problem?
@scottseward3756
@scottseward3756 9 месяцев назад
I take my meds the second I wake up, and then do something physical for an hour(cook, clean, walk the dog,, drive to work, etc,). That’s usually about the time it takes for the meds to “kick in” and then I can do more cognitive work. And I give myself grace that that is just how my body/brain works and I try not to feel guilty about it. Doesn’t always work out the way I planned, but more often than not and I try hard to remind myself that, by evidence of past performance, this level of ritual is working for me. Hope that give you some ideas.
@ezbrcime5577
@ezbrcime5577 9 месяцев назад
@@scottseward3756 Do you use concerta? I ask because my pharmacy suggest to have breakfast before take concerta.
@Yosetime
@Yosetime 3 месяца назад
@@scottseward3756 You can actually do stuff before the meds kick in? That's pretty amazing, I think. There's no way you be catching me doing anything except laying around as I wait for some motivation to move when the meds become active. I might walk my dog. But only because it's a non-negotiable item. Plus, I tend to wake up early, which I hate, and can't fall back to sleep. I try, give up, make my coffee and take meds, wait for the start button to come on.
@alexandremorissette4285
@alexandremorissette4285 10 месяцев назад
I like the weeds. Please keep going into the weeds
@ehsankhodadadi5448
@ehsankhodadadi5448 10 месяцев назад
You demolish these apps 😂❤
@Linguistie
@Linguistie 10 месяцев назад
Gamers that have played thousands of games look at that endeavor game as an insult. Just another subway surf that improves focus and attention (because your brain focuses on shit that gives you dopamine, duh)
@Linguistie
@Linguistie 10 месяцев назад
What games should do is help develop thinking and acting patterns rather than fix symptoms
@Dancestar1981
@Dancestar1981 10 месяцев назад
@@Linguistiecognitive behavioural therapy works too. If you understand how you think and to try and change negative and unhelpful patterns. I do this every 3 weeks
@yajy4501
@yajy4501 9 месяцев назад
If only you could treat ADHD with an app. That would be convenient. But alas, the world has to be difficult haha
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