Agriculture

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016 - Agriculture
In this video Paul Andersen describes the pros and cons of industrial agriculture including: monocropping, irrigation, and the use of pesticides, fertilizers, and GMOs.
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All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
AnnaJB. This Is an Image of Food from Rwanda, November 27, 2014. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
Beebe, Sam. English: Crop Circles along the Columbia, Washington, USA, June 23, 2008. Flickr: Crop circles along the Columbia. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
Betts, Lynn. English: View of Nitrogen Fertilizer Being Applied to Growing Corn, 1999. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Photo no. NRCSIA99241. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
---. English: View of Runoff, 1999. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
Clubs, Thirteen Of. Français : Station de Stockage D’ammoniac Anhydre Pour Engrais Aux États-Unis, May 7, 2007. www.flickr.com/photos/thirteen.... commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
“Fertilizer.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, October 5, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?....
File:ClaySumerianSickle.jpg, n.d. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
Galloway, Ewing. English: Plowing an Alfalfa Field by Tractor, US, before 1921. 300 ppi scan of Collier’s New Encyclopedia, Volume 1 (1921), opposite page 58, panel H. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
“Golden Rice.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, October 1, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?....
“Irrigation.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, September 1, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?....
Kollmann, Dan. English: Combine in Wheat Field, August 30, 2012. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
lamiot, F. English: Eutrophication, July 2005. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
Martin-rnr. Deutsch: Bioakkumulation, [object HTMLTableCellElement]. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
O’Rear, USDA Photo by: Charles. English: Spraying Pesticide in California, [object HTMLTableCellElement]. www.usda.gov/oc/photo/95cs2841... - Image Number:95c2841 CD0623-027. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
Pollinator. English: Integrated Pest Management -, February 15, 2004. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IPM.... commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
Self. Diagram Showing Development of Pesticide Resistance in Insects, February 25, 2008. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
Sennedjem, Deutsch: Maler der Grabkammer des SennudemEnglish: Painter of the burial chamber of. Deutsch: Grabkammer Des Sennudem, Szene: Pflügender Bauer. Deutsch: Wandbild English: Mural. Deutsch: Grab des Sennudem. Accessed October 12, 2015. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
Service, Lynn Betts, USDA Natural Resources Conservation. English: Terraces, photo 1999. photogallery.nrcs.usda.gov/Ind.... commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
Service, Photo by Lynn Betts, USDA Natural Resources Conservation. Ephemeral Gully Erosion, October 4, 2011. USDA NRCS Photo Gallery: NRCSIA99145.tif. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
Service, Photo by Tim McCabe, USDA Natural Resources Conservation. Crop Consultant Scouts, October 4, 2011. USDA NRCS Photo Gallery: NRCSIA99285.tif. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....
Steinert, Eric. Larva of Chrysoperla Carnea with Prey, June 19, 2004. from de.wiki, uploaded by kulac. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi....

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6 авг 2024

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Комментарии : 59

@whtcutter 3 года назад

Growing up on a farm, one of my earliest memories of farm work involved clearing part of a field that had been a ditch with trees growing along it. The ditch was diverted in a different direction to improve drainage of the field. Clearing the trees meant that the field could be farmed with longer and straighter rows that would not be losing nutrients to the trees. In fact, the field that was cut in two by the ditch could now be cropped as one larger field leading to greater efficiency. My job as a young boy was to attach the log chain to the logs as my father or brother drove the tractor to pull the logs to the burn pile. This type of activity was common then, and it is common today, with larger and better machinery. Fields are made larger, and the acre size of farm holdings continue to become larger. Grasslands and timberland that once had uncountable numbers and types, of plants and animals, have been converted to crop land. Every acre is an enterprise zone to be managed for maximum profit. The trend toward precision technology has only emphasized this more. Companies' and individuals' entire financial existence is based on maximizing a singular crop grown on each acre, each year. The same can be demonstrated on ranch lands. Cows and cattle per acre translates into amount of habitat loss for the native fauna that needs some solitude to survive. Forcing animals to graze on an area forces a change in plant and wildlife ability to survive in that area. This drive for greater profit stands in stark contrast to what many see as the destruction of the planetary ecosystem. When asked where the plants, and animals will live that once inhabited the margins of the farms, the response is "somewhere else." Unfortunately, there isn't another planet where we can send them to, to live. Even many people who live in the suburbs of cities are oblivious to the destruction caused just by mowing their yards. They want a nice-looking yard, and if asked where the wildlife should live that once inhabited the area, the response is "out in the country" or "out in the wild areas" or again, "somewhere else." Yard grass now covers the most acres, of any "crop" grown. The questions now are, do we want future generations to be able to experience what a wild place really is, to have the risk of being harmed, or even killed, by wild animals and plants in nature? Do we have the right to make that decision for them? Now is the time to decide. "Somewhere else" won't exist for much longer unless we recreate that space on our farms, ranches, and yards. Will anyone really be happier never seeing a skunk, badger, fox, butterfly, mosquito, marmot, box turtle, crawdad, water bug, rattlesnake, wildcat, lighting bug, bat, salamander, or eagle outside of a zoo? I can't name all the animals that no longer exist in abundance, or exist at all, in the name of profits. Can home owners and land owners find 10% to give back to the future? Will anyone be willing to do what is necessary, or do we all expect "someone else," to do it, "somewhere else?" Does it take an act of Congress or of God himself to save the remnant plants and animals and renew the face of the earth? Lastly, a quote from the Bible: "Woe to you who join house to house, who connect field to field, 'till no room remains, and you are left to dwell alone in the midst of the land." Isaiah 5:8.

@eliseseawell7452 4 года назад

this and some other videos of yours really helped me to firmly grasp the concepts for my ENVS 111 exam tomorrow ! thank you so much !!!!

@ajpersaud5584 4 года назад

as always, awesome. You're the best!

@richardwebb8058 8 лет назад

Love your video dude very informative :D

@shreeselva8507 8 лет назад

Thank you so much, this was really helpful

@-min-hw9qw 8 лет назад

8:45 should be lack of nutrients:)

@Bozemanscience1 8 лет назад

+02) 5-15min You are correct. I tried to fix it with an annotation. Thanks!

@notaras1985 8 лет назад

+Bozeman Science 00:50 wrong! you can over eat and be malnourished. nurishment is about taking in a bioavailable form the essential nutrients our bodies need. if you eat dead, toxic, nutrient deplete processed foods you can be fat as a blob and still malnourished.

@-min-hw9qw 8 лет назад

Bozeman Science Glad I could help

@carloscorrea9369 8 лет назад

+Bozeman Science hey my biology teacher recently showed your videos, and I thought you were young but then she said that your videos were from 5 years ago . I was shocked and I look at you know and you aged so much.

@TheTheddi 8 лет назад

Very good video! By the way, golden rice is quite unnecessary. Vitamin A is in regular rice, but in the shells. Commercially the rice shell is removed and with that the Vitamin A. Simply keeping the shell (which is then called brown rice) is solving the problem in the same way.

@JonathonNeville 3 года назад

Sorry - False. To start (just a basic correction): the hull ("shell") is also removed from brown rice. Brown rice retains the bran and germ. Google "brown rice" "vitamin A", and you'll see: 1. on the right, a nutritional label showing Vitamin A: 0% daily value 2. at the top, above the search results, 0 IU (zero international units) per 100 grams. An IU (International Unit) is a unit of measurement for vitamins and other specific biologically active substances. The precise measure of one IU differs from substance to substance and is established by international agreement for each substance. The equivalents of 1 IU for selected vitamins are: Vitamin A: 1 IU is the biological equivalent of 0.6 mcg beta-carotene. Assuming >50% of one IU would round up, brown rice has something less than 0.3 mcg beta-carotene per 100 grams. Golden rice has 35 mcg (micrograms) of beta-carotene per gram, or 3500 mcg per 100 grams. A varied diet containing foods rich in beta-carotene such as sweet potato, leaf vegetables and fruit would provide children with sufficient vitamin A, but these foods are often unavailable, or only available in certain seasons, or too expensive for many/most poor families.

@veniceroberts1030 8 лет назад

I love the video! It helps so much since I'm taking an online chemistry course. Do you have a video that covers exchange reactions? I looked through your chemistry videos and I couldn't seem to find one. Any help is appreciated! Thanks in advance Mr. Andersen.

@adhithyan9444 3 года назад

Both helpful and useful.

@GreenIsTheWayForward 3 года назад

Another major problem with monocropping is vulnerability to pests and disease, and loss of genetic variety. For example, almost all banana plants grown by people are clones of each other, and are under threat of going extinct due to a fungus that recently spread from Asia to South-America.

@samanthashea1871 8 лет назад

saving my grade luv ya

@firepower01 7 лет назад

I've always wondered why I saw circular farms out the window when I'm on an airplane.

@EMarcisz32 3 года назад

Hej Bozeman, you made a mistake there, in your review section (8:45), Malnutrition is lack of nutritions, not calories (as you said at the beginning ;p)

@OllieCreates 3 года назад

yep you are right

@goodexecution8401 7 лет назад

what are the positives and negatives of GMO?

@ellalabarre1225 4 года назад

yay for apes exam in 2 days !!

@kallianamarek1245 3 года назад

lol it's legit a year later but how did you do and did these videos actually help?

@bradleyroth5584 4 года назад

Thanks so much

@rawstarmusic 8 лет назад

Use more area to grow food instead of driving it to hard. Many urban areas are located in highly productive areas, that's why people moved there. Later the inhabited area stretches far and wide. In Urban areas no land are used for food, it' huge suburban areas and we import food to the area. Even if some process is more labour intensive it's good because it provides work. In places civilians have started to grow food in public parks, gardens and just about anywhere and everyone like it a lot. It's a good mixing of houses and vegetable food.

@frankphillips6485 8 лет назад

thanks man

@aharris6073 8 лет назад

watch cowspiracy!

@jessalinnguyen1504 4 года назад

A Harris i love that documentary!

@queenbee7895 3 года назад

Thanks

@queenbee7895 3 года назад

❤️❤️❤️

@foxklein9061 8 лет назад

hey mr.andersen I am failing grade nine science and I need some help I have two test on Wednesday on science focas 9 (1and2) and (3and4)

@kellen4811 8 лет назад

+Fox Klein focas?

@foxvalentineUAG 3 года назад

Long dead brother

@valerieb8973 8 лет назад

Thank you Paul for all the well organized videos you create. You are indeed a master educator. Just a couple of questions: 1. I did not hear you mention that Europe does in fact import genetically engineered crops and approved the cultivation of two GE crops (gmoanswers.com/ask/i-often-hear-claim-there-are-x-number-countries-ban-gmos-gm-food-numbers-fluctuate-through-wide)- did I miss that in the video? 2. Would "intercropping" be the same thing as cover crops or different and same principle? 3. When you refer to monocropping, do you really mean the "lack of crop rotation" or are the two words vastly different in meaning (gmoanswers.com/studies/do-gmo-crops-foster-monoculture)? 4. Resistance is inevitable. It's not a matter of if but when. Farmers have and will likely always be in a race to outcompete the evolution of those pesky insects or weeds. Are you aware of refuge in a bag? I did not hear any mention of the practice in the video (farmprogress.com/story-need-know-refuge-bag-9-112690) 5. I heard you mention the use of Bt in GE crops , but I did not hear you also mention that Bt is used in organic production - (www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2015/12/07/myth-busting-on-pesticides-despite-demonization-organic-farmers-widely-use-them/) Have you used University of NE's Animations in your classroom or videos? I have found them to be very helpful if you want to check them out (passel.unl.edu/pages/animation.php?a=ECBandBt.swf&b=1091802830 and passel.unl.edu/pages/index.php?allanims=1 ) 6. I found it interesting that you mentioned GE crops specifically, but did not mention the other methods of modifying crops. One may find it interesting to know that methods such as mutagenesis are acceptable in organic production and do not require regulatory approval (www.biofortified.org/2015/07/crop-modification-techniques-infographic/) or even the consequences of traditional plant breeding such as the celery and psoralen levels example (www.nap.edu/read/10977/chapter/5) . 7. Lastly, I would be interested to know why agriculture and "sustainable agriculture" are pitted as mutually exclusive? It would be my assumption that if you told a farmer they were not "sustainable" they would be very hurt by such a claim. Sustainability is defined differently among different people, but if we could agree that sustainable means producing enough food, fuel and fiber for a growing population in a way that decreases the inputs yet increases the crop outputs or will leave the land/enviro in good if not better shape than it was before- then I would assume that farmer would say well of course that's our goal and sustainability is nothing new to us findourcommonground.com/food-facts/sustainability/ . It would appear to me that if by saying one method is "sustainable" and one is just agriculture the listener would walk away thinking just regular agriculture is by default unsustainable- but is that true? Thanks again for producing these informative clips. I am a big fan of your lectures. Best.

@veganismisnonsenseme4512 3 года назад

8:48 Malnutrition is a lack of calories, I thought a lack of nutrients? ; )

@Tainowoman 6 лет назад

I can't see that the hunger issue is caused by lack of food when 30-40% is wasted. Looking in the USA alone, all the poor could be fed and even made fat on the food we throw away. That sounds more like a lack of compassion than a lack of food...

@notaras1985 8 лет назад

thats the pefect way to deplete all living soil on earth and make it a vast dessert. thats where we are heading if we dont turn towards ecological agriculture and sustainable natural farmng and permaculture.

@jesperjnsson6268 5 лет назад

When you meet new people do you introduce yourself as "Mr. Anderson"?

@viveki6872 3 года назад

I think it should be Biomagnification instead of Bioaccumulation

@stephanealegoria7016 4 года назад

horticulture produce 10 time more nutrients than corn or wheat for the same surface area. here is the solution , changing diet and developing Permaculture.

@rezarmdhn1688 3 года назад

My boyfriend made me watch this video and now i have to make 700 words long summary😭

@lorcresiakonopasek9793 2 года назад

Pests are animals and Earth cute little pets.

@Thanos-tx4ub 6 лет назад

9 days until our impending doom with the APES exam yall

@QuillWorks 6 лет назад

Bob Bobbins Good, I'm not the only one. Been studying on and off for almost a month before realizing how much I have yet to review a few days ago. Best of luck to ya

@Forevertrue 4 года назад

Some people whine about everything. This video was helpful but not all encompassing. There are so many variables its impossible to make a general rule. So lets not make one, lets do what we can when we can and not condemn anyone thing.

@josevelizc 8 лет назад

first

@ALIMUNTH 8 лет назад

first like

@chaptertalks5447 4 года назад

@@ALIMUNTH first reply

@johnmastroligulano7401 8 лет назад

You really should do some more research before tackling such an issue. Not one of your most informative video's in fact it's way to propagandish I hope you realize this & do further research so far your speaking with blinders on at best think about the ramifications.

@notaras1985 8 лет назад

+John Mastroligulano not that the rest are the pinnacle of truth and wisdom. its just that this is worse... .

@johnmastroligulano7401 8 лет назад

notaras1985 Sorry I refuse to believe that I am as smart as this place is trying to make it seem. OC~~~