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Air Circulation and Pressure || Worldbuilding Guide Series Part 4 

Madeline James Writes
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Welcome to the next video in my worldbuilding guide series for creating an Earth-like planet! This video is focused on air circulation, and high and low pressure zones.
NOTE: This video has been partially refilmed and reuploaded. There was a mistake part way through in the original version where I swapped the labels for high and low pressure and the following maps were off because of this. I refilmed as little as possible to patch in and correct these mistakes.
DISCLAIMER: If you are looking to create a fantasy world in a few hours, this guide is not for you. If you are looking for good value between time spent and realism in your fantasy world, this is probably not for you either. This guide goes way more in depth than most other worldbuilding guides to a level that is objectively not necessary. However, “necessary” is not the point here. If you want to understand WHY your world is the way it is and let your world come alive as you slowly mold it, then this guide is for you.
To already contradict my disclaimer, the reason I go to this level of detail in creating my fantasy worlds is not just because I enjoy it. Things like geography and climate have a huge impact on civilization. Knowing about the world around your people is the first part in understanding them.
Worldbuilding Guide Playlist: • Worldbuilding Guide
Worldbuilding Guide Vlog: www.madelinejameswrites.com/w...
02:05 Intro
09:27 1 Mapping Air Circulation
17:22 2 High and Low Pressure
31:20 3 Mapping Wind Currents
40:52 Patterns
44:46 Wrap-Up
Correction: 33:58 High pressure directions are correct but Low pressure should be the opposite. In the N. hemisphere winds move counter clockwise towards low pressure and in the S. it moves clockwise
Correction: 34:10 Map drawn reflects incorrect rotation of winds around low pressure areas. In the N. hemisphere these should be moving counter clockwise and in the S. Hemisphere they should be moving clockwise
Graphics Used:
Earth Global Circulation - Kaidor, CC BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
Atmospheric Circulation Efect of an Expanding Tropics - This figures, “Atmospheric Circulation”, was provided by Judith Perlwitz. The original figure is found in: Panel #1: NWS, cited 2016: Global Circulations in NWS Jet Stream: An Online School for Weather. National Weather Service. [Available online at www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/glo...]. The figure version presented here was adapted from the original as follows: The figure was adapted by adding content. This includes descriptive text of the circulation features (Polar Cell, Ferrell Cell, Hadley Cell, Polar easterlies, westerlies trade winds) , indicating the subtropical climate zones (orange shading in the map), and indicate by orange arrow the effect of an expanding tropics. Panel #2: NWS, cited 2016: Global Circulations in NWS Jet Stream: An Online School for Weather. National Weather Service. [Available online at www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/glo...] The figure version presented here was adapted from the original as follows: The figure was adapted by adding content. This includes descriptive text (cold air sinks, warm air rises, Easterlies, Westerlies, NE Trade winds , regions of high (H) and low (L) pressure, and dry and stable regions). In addition subtropical climate latitude band is indicated in orange, and orange arrow indicates the effect of an expanding tropics., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
ITCZ January-July - Mats Halldin, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Hadley Cell Omega 500 July 1979 - William M Connoley, Creative Commons, via Wikimedia Commons
500 hPa vertical velocity (Pa/S) in July from ERA-40 reanalysis, 1979-2001 average.
Negative (blue) values represent rising air; positive (red) values indicate sinking air. This map is an excellent illustration of the Hadley cell.
Polar Vortex Winter - Courtesy: National Science Foundation, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Polar Vortex Jan 21 1985 - National Meteorological Center, Camp Springs, MD, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Jetstream - Rossby Waves - N Hemisphere - Fred the Oyster, Creative Commons, via Wikimedia Commons
----- LINKS -----
Website: www.madelinejameswrites.com/
Instagram: / author_mjames
Twitter: / author_mjames

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11 фев 2023

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Комментарии : 48   
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites Год назад
NOTE: corrections in the video were added, but there is a mistake in the wind currents map - low pressure wind rotations should be the opposite of the high pressure ones per hemisphere. In the Northern hemisphere, winds move clockwise around High pressure and counter clockwise around Low pressure. The reverse is true in the Southern hemisphere.
@ThatRobHuman
@ThatRobHuman 10 месяцев назад
Artifexian sent me. Looking forward to binge-watching your stuff :)
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites 10 месяцев назад
Aww thank you! Hoping to have the next part of my guide out this week or next!
@ThatRobHuman
@ThatRobHuman 10 месяцев назад
@@madelinejameswrites awesome - in your own time, though. I am *definitely* not one of those people who expect content churned out like it's a sweatshop. Keep doing what you're doing as you like doing it :)
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites 10 месяцев назад
@@ThatRobHuman thank you! With two little kids, a full time job, and the books I'm writing, I definitely don't have the ability to churn out content 😅
@torfinnzempel6123
@torfinnzempel6123 Год назад
@3:36 the problems sailing past these latitudes is the reason why no European had been able to sail around Africa until the 1500's. At which point there was a race to be the first to do so by the world powers. It was actually impossible to sail past this latitude until the 1500's because the sail technology was not sufficient to do so. Ships that tried simply got stuck and were forced to turn back. It was also a barrier for ships from southern Africa as well going north along the coast.
@torfinnzempel6123
@torfinnzempel6123 Год назад
So, depending on the era your world is set in (and level of magic), trade across this latitude may be impossible.
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites Год назад
@@torfinnzempel6123 yes! And this is exactly one of the reasons why all this matters! The isolation of civilizations can inspire cultural differences and provide conflict when they do finally get the technology to cross.
@torfinnzempel6123
@torfinnzempel6123 Год назад
@madelinejameswrites yes, and isolation can not only account for cultural differences between kingdoms, but also the development of different species (if your creating for a fantasy setting) elves, humans and Dwarves could all share a common ancestor. Maybe a few tribes of this common ancestor crossed a land bridge during an ice age and got trapped on an island when the ice receded. Then Island Dwarfism resulted in the race of Dwarves deeiving from the descendentsof the common ancestors that were trapped on the rocky mountainous island. Maybe the island had several mountains with extensive cave networks that provided safety from both the elements and predators to those proto-dwarfs, resulting in the development of a preference for underground living. And maybe a mating ritual around the giving of rocks. The nicer the rock, the better the gift and the higher the likelihood of attracting said mate. And so this pushed the development of mining technology and a reverence for stone, even millenia later. After all here on Earth, we had Modern Humans. Neanderthal, Denisovens, Floresiensis, and at least 2 Ghost species living on earth all simultaneously.
@shrek8781
@shrek8781 4 месяца назад
These videos are amazing. Thank you so much!
@ivad.1341
@ivad.1341 Год назад
I love global perspectives like this :) Thank you very much.
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites Год назад
I'm glad you enjoyed it!!! I love working at this level too!
@Gregatron13
@Gregatron13 10 месяцев назад
I'm loving this series. I can't wait to fire up Illustrator and follow along. Hopefully there's no layer limit 🙊
@pahko_
@pahko_ 6 месяцев назад
7:48 "being closer to the sun and therefore the hottest" That's not actually how it works!! This video and series overall rules, but I have to speak my/the truth haha. The temperature difference between summer/winter is indeed due to the Earth's tilt, but it's because during the winter when you're tilted away, the sunlight comes at a lower angle, and thus is more spread out. Versus during the summer when your hemisphere is facing it more head-on, thus concentrating the solar energy in a smaller area on average throughout the day. In addition, summer means more hours under the sun, which means more warmth. The Earth's distance to the sun actually varies by a few million miles per year (orbit is an oval, not a circle), and is the farthest during June/July (tell that to the summer-having Northern Hemisphere!) (Like I said, the entire series has been awesome, and this video maybe the single most interesting as it deals with particular topics most other "in-depth" worldbuilding series skimp on. Just had to mention it as a personal crusade against the misconception haha).
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites 6 месяцев назад
Ah, that makes sense! I can't believe it didn't occur to me 😅 thank you!
@pahko_
@pahko_ 6 месяцев назад
@@madelinejameswrites Of course! Looking forward to going through the rest of the videos. Watching my maps evolve has been fun the last couple days. (also happy new year lol)
@HashFier
@HashFier 10 месяцев назад
The jumping around between the hemispheres really took a cognitive toll on me. Would have preferred to finish northern summer map fully before doing the northern winter map.
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites 10 месяцев назад
Oh good to know, thank you!
@HashFier
@HashFier Год назад
Thanks a bunch. Glad to see the mistakes corrected. Was confused at the last version.
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites Год назад
Yes, absolutely! I can't believe I missed it because
@dannynoir9058
@dannynoir9058 3 месяца назад
At 23:26, Im not sure I like how that low pressure guy is looking at me
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites 3 месяца назад
I will never unsee that 😂
@maxwellsimon4538
@maxwellsimon4538 Месяц назад
26:49 He's blushing now that you noticed him staring.
@empermanual3014
@empermanual3014 2 месяца назад
Love the amount of detail and thought that has been put into this. Just curious - what would you recommend in terms of applying the knowledge from this, without fully simulating every system here?
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites 2 месяца назад
I would probably go with a more pattern based application, like Artifexian has in his first climate modeling videos from a few years ago!
@empermanual3014
@empermanual3014 2 месяца назад
@@madelinejameswrites Cheers, I'll go take a look!
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites Год назад
Watch the next part, Ocean Circulation, here: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-ZeprQ5-ouMk.html
@uruzrune7216
@uruzrune7216 2 месяца назад
45:40 Where do condiments come in? Condiments? like, ketchup?
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites 2 месяца назад
I don't follow?
@uruzrune7216
@uruzrune7216 2 месяца назад
@@madelinejameswrites Sorry, must be your accent. Sounds like you're saying "condiments"
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites 2 месяца назад
@@uruzrune7216 😂 I assume I probably meant continents?
@simonsvensson5037
@simonsvensson5037 Год назад
Hello! I have been watching many many of your video blogs today and yesterday, and they're amazing and it is fun to both follow your story and your life and your worldbuilding. However, today, I encountered something where I think it is not correct in the wind circulation simulations? In both the hemispheres, wind should rotate in opposite directions from each other depending on whether it is a low pressure or high pressure zone. Wikipedia describes it this way: "As a result, air travels clockwise around high pressure in the Northern Hemisphere and anticlockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Air around low-pressure rotates in the opposite direction, so that the Coriolis force is directed radially outward and nearly balances an inwardly radial pressure gradient.[37]" In your maps and guides, you seem to have low pressure and high pressure areas both rotating clockwise in the north, and counter-clockwise in the south. It might be me who is completely confused about this too, and have misunderstood what I am reading (and what I've been doing) and if so, I apologize ahead of time. But, if not, I hope to be able to help a little bit in making these guides even more excellent! (And I hope I don't ruin a whole lot of carefully balanced wind systems in existing worlds..)
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites Год назад
Hi! I'm so glad you're enjoying my videos, they are definitely a labor of passion! I just looked into this and you are absolutely correct. I made a mistake in my research and had low pressure rotating in the same direction as high pressure and that is not correct! Thank you so much for pointing this out to me. I'm going to brainstorm how I want to correct the mistake. The blog posts are easy to update, but the videos are a lot more difficult and require being entirely remade from the point of the mistake onwards. I'm not sure how much people want the videos compared to the blog posts.
@simonsvensson5037
@simonsvensson5037 Год назад
@@madelinejameswrites The videos could possibly just have a notification added to the same recorded material, that pops up when it reaches that section? That just mentions the error? I mean, the videos are amazing, but since it is a very minor thing, such a small correction might be the only thing needed for people who are following the guides. I wouldn't have minded in the slightest at least :) And now I'm looking forward to the video blog "How my entire world suddenly changed climate in a day.." - but joking aside, how do you approach something like this when it comes to already designed worlds, like for your book projects etc?
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites Год назад
@@simonsvensson5037 adding even a notification like that requires editing the video file, deleting the old video off RU-vid, and reuploading it completely. It's really annoying that we can't add popup notifications at timestamps! And I normally start back over from the mistake when it comes to my worlds if I am still in the worldbuilding process, but if I'm past that, I tend not to worry about it. Like my first world was done before I updated a few steps in my process so I'm sure it's less accurate, but there are so many factors with all this that it's close enough and that world already feels real to me!
@simonsvensson5037
@simonsvensson5037 Год назад
@@madelinejameswrites That is so annoying, the video thing... I thought they would have given better tools for fixing errors like that! :( Sorry to hear that. And that makes sense about how to deal with it - I would probably do the same thing, if I had written any extensive amount of stuff. I had to abandon one of my earliest projects that I worked on for many years because I started it so early that the problems just became insurmountable after a while, but that was pretty *huge* issues, rather than just small geographic details :) A lot more about failures in science/cultural/economic worldbuilding than geographical. These days most things I write are for other kinds of projects, but trying to slowly get back to writing that Book with capital B that has been haunting me for so long.. but your series has helped me to start thinking and to get new tools for it, so started a new worldbuilding project just two days ago, and found out about the wind thing when I got to that stage today. (Actually, I already abandoned the first new world I created due to mistakes.. but this one is promising.) Also now the weird feeling when it feels like I know know someone after watching videos for a whole day while working ;)
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites Год назад
@@simonsvensson5037 😂 yes I totally know what you mean! I've binged a few other RU-vidrs stuff and it's a weird phenomenon. As a RU-vidr I've found it a little hard connecting with viewers most of the time, video comments rarely lead to conversations, so it's fun when I get to chat with people! It's like talking into the void sometimes. For your Book (capital B) I can actually relate a lot. I spent probably 5+ years in the worldbuilding phase for my Blood Magic project and another one I've abandoned, and I was stuck in that cycle for awhile and just never seemed to get anywhere close to a completed book. It wasn't until a few years ago that I actually started making serious consistent progress towards finishing Books and publishing!
@SpuneDagr
@SpuneDagr 3 месяца назад
When figuring out on- and off-shore winds... About how much ocean does there need to be for this effect to manifest? The world I'm building has landmasses with high and low pressure zones separated by a strait. Should the two facing coasts be marked as having on- and off-shore winds? Or should I treat the strait as if it isn't there for this purpose?
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites 3 месяца назад
For my guide you would ignore it, maybe add a tiny bit of onshore wind. HOWEVER one of Artifexian's latest videos on precipitation includes calculations for this that I am very enamoured with. So if you want to be exact, I would watch this video ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-2RMyd9vo2Qk.htmlsi=JOCwEPKkW1kgypi6 Precipitation & Pressure II at 3:12 where he talks about sea effect precipitation.
@SpuneDagr
@SpuneDagr 3 месяца назад
@@madelinejameswrites BTW I'm OBSESSED with your and Artifexian's channels. :)
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites 3 месяца назад
@@SpuneDagr Thank you!!! I love Artifexian's channel, he's the best ☺️
@MajorHomeless
@MajorHomeless 27 дней назад
you are beautiful and I love you, but I ain't doing all that ❤
@madelinejameswrites
@madelinejameswrites 27 дней назад
😂 that is perfectly reasonable! (More reasonable perhaps?)
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