Akkadian vs. Old Aramaic - A Comparison of Semitic Languages Using the Tell Fekheriyeh Inscription 

We are all speaking one language that has branched out into dialects known as Aramaic, Arabic, Hebrew, Amharic, etc.. They were all in relation to Akkadian. They were the first empire, the first to influence. We then gave to others what Akkadians had given to us.

Sumerian came earlier

@@johnsmith-ir1ne Sumerian came earlier yes, but Sumerian was not a Semitic language or people. Akkadian is the first documented Semetic language.

You and I both!!

me too, so cool

That's awesome Mordechai! Thank you for sharing. I'd like to find a way to incorporate more traditional Jewish Aramaic prayers into the channel.

Nonsense, they mumbled everything. Pidgin Arabic in essence.

⁠@@mznxbcv12345 They did not meant to change and simplify the language directly. Languages evolve over time even arabic today will look quite deferent if you compare it with arabic in 1 AD. And finally aramaic and arabic languages although they look similar in many ways but they are still different in many aspects. it is a whole complicated topic and one can not just simply say " aramaic is a pidgin of arabic" this is the nonsense actually because there are words in aramaic goes back to proto-semitic but does not exist or left no trace in arabic which very strange. For example there are many words for the word "lion" in arabic (i guess more than 200 different words) and i will mention some اسد، الليث، الحيدر... Arabic has too many words for lion but it lacks the original word which is preserved in aramaic, akkadian,ugaratic, hebrew, and the ethiopian languages like ge'ez and the word is in aramaic "'aryeya" which is derived from the proto-semitic "araway" itself derived from proto-afroasiatic language "rvw" meaning wild beast.

As a matter of fact, all of the knowledge needed for deciphering ancient texts and their complexity was derived from the Qur'an. It was by analyzing the syntactic structure of the Qur'an that the Arabic root system was developed. This system was first attested to in Kitab Al-Ayin, the first intralanguage dictionary of its kind, which preceded the Oxford English dictionary by 800 years. It was through this development that the concept of Arabic roots was established and later co-opted into the term 'semitic root,' allowing the decipherment of ancient scripts. In essence, they quite literally copied and pasted the entirety of the Arabic root. Hebrew had been dead, as well as all the other dialects of Arabic, until being 'revived' in a Frankensteinian fashion in the 18th and 19th centuries. Languages degrade, they do not "evolve". It is a tool for thinking, not communication, it is what seperates other lifeforms from humans. The mere fact that translation is even possible underlies a common origin for all languages, orca whales seperated from their birth pod are unable to communicate with other whales if they get adopted, they are only able to track the others visually. The entire region spoke basically the same language, with mumbled dialect continuums spread about, and Arabic is the oldest form from which all these dialects branched off. As time passed, the language gradually became more degenerate; |Classical Arabic | 28 consonants, 29 with Hamza and 6 vowels; some consonants are emphatic or pharyngealized; some vowels are marked with diacritics | Complex system of word formation based on roots and patterns; roots are sequences of consonants that carry the basic meaning of a word; patterns are sequences of vowels and affixes that modify the meaning and function of a word | Flexible word order, but VSO is most common; SVO is also possible; subject and object are marked by case endings (-u for nominative, -a for accusative, -i for genitive); verb agrees with subject in person, number, and gender; verb has different forms for different moods and aspects | | Akkadian | 22 consonants and 3 vowels; some consonants are glottalized or palatalized; vowels are not marked | Similar system, but with different roots and patterns; some roots have more than three consonants; some patterns have infixes or reduplication | Fixed word order of SVO; subject and object are not marked by case endings, but by prepositions or word order; verb agrees with subject in person, number, and gender; verb has different forms for different tenses and aspects | | Aramaic | 22 consonants and 3 vowels (later variants have more); no emphatic or pharyngealized consonants (except in some dialects); vowels are not marked (except in later variants such as Syriac) | Simple system of word formation based on prefixes and suffixes; some roots or patterns exist, but are less productive than in Arabic or Akkadian | "Semitic" is just mumbled Arabic, really. Imagine English with a third of its letters removed and simplified grammar. That's Aramaic, Hebrew, etc. For example, combine T and D into just T; there's no need to have 2 letters. The same goes for i, e, y - they should all be just y from now on, etc., etc. Arabic is the only corollary to proto-Semitic. In fact, the whole classification of Semitic languages is nonsensical for anyone with a somewhat functioning brain. Hebrew, Aramaic, and the rest of these made-up dialect continua only have 22 letters out of the 29 proto-Semitic letters. Arabic has all 29. The difference between Arabic and the other creoles and Pidgin is the same as the difference between Latin and pig Latin or Italian. "Phoenician" is an Arabic dialect continuum, and not only that, it is pidgin. It is simplified to the point of stupidity. Anyone with a basic knowledge of Arabic would see this clearly. What happened was that Arabic handicapped "scholars" saw the equivalent of Scottish Twitter spelling, with added mumbling due to phonemic mergers (22 letters, not 29), and mistakenly thought they were seeing a different language." Let's start with a simple sentence: ## The house is big Arabic: البيتُ كبيرٌ al-bayt-u kabīr-un Proto-Semitic: *ʔal-bayt-u kabīr-u Hebrew: הבית גדול ha-bayit gadol Akkadian: bītum rabûm Amharic: ቤቱ ገደሉ betu gedelu As can be seen, Arabic and Proto-Semitic have the same word order (noun-adjective), the same definite article (al-), and the same case endings (-u for nominative). Hebrew and Akkadian have lost the case endings and changed the definite article (ha- and -um respectively). Amharic has changed the word order (adjective-noun) and the definite article (u-). But Arabic is not only similar to Proto-Semitic, it is also pre-Semitic, meaning that it is the original form of Semitic before it split into different branches. This is because Arabic preserves many features that are not found in any other Semitic language, but are found in other Afro-Asiatic languages, such as Egyptian and Berber. These features include: - The definite article al-, which is derived from the demonstrative pronoun *ʔal- 'that'. This article is unique to Arabic among Semitic languages, but it is similar to the article n- in Berber and the article p-, t-, n- in Egyptian. - The dual number for nouns and verbs, which is marked by the suffix -ān or -ayn. This number is rare in other Semitic languages, but it is common in other Afro-Asiatic languages, such as Egyptian and Berber. - The imperfective prefix t- for verbs, which indicates the second person singular feminine or third person plural feminine. This prefix is unique to Arabic among Semitic languages, but it is similar to the prefix t- in Berber and Egyptian. - The passive voice for verbs, which is marked by the infix t between the first and second root consonants. This voice is unique to Arabic among Semitic languages, but it is similar to the passive voice in Egyptian and Berber. Finally, a more complex sentence: The letter was written with a pen. Arabic: كُتِبَتِ الرِّسَالَةُ بِالقَلَمِ kutiba-t al-risāla-t-u bi-l-qalam-i Proto-Semitic: *kutiba-t ʔal-risāla-t-u bi-l-qalam-i Hebrew: המכתב נכתב בעט ha-michtav niktav ba-et Akkadian: šipram šapāru bēlum Egyptian: sḏm.n.f p-ẖry m rnp.t Berber: tturra-t tibratin s uccen Here, Arabic and Proto-Semitic have the same word order (verb-subject-object), the same passive voice marker (-t-), the same definite article (al-), and the same preposition (bi-). Hebrew has changed the word order (subject-verb-object), lost the passive voice marker, changed the definite article (ha-) and the preposition (ba-). Akkadian has changed the word order (object-subject-verb), lost the passive voice marker, changed the definite article (-um) and the preposition (bēlum). Classical Arabic has largest phonemic inventories among semitic languages. It has 28 consonants (29 with Hamza) and 6 vowels (3 short and 3 long). Some of these sounds are rare or absent in other semitic languages. For example, - Classical Arabic has two pharyngeal consonants /ʕ/ (ع) and /ħ/ (ح). These sounds are found only in some semitic languages (Hebrew and Amharic), but not in others (Akkadian and Aramaic). - Classical Arabic has two emphatic consonants /sˤ/ (ص) and /dˤ/ (ض) These sounds are found only in some semitic languages (Hebrew and Amharic), but not in others (Akkadian and Aramaic). - Classical Arabic has two glottal consonants /ʔ/ (ء) and /h/ (ه), which are produced by opening and closing the glottis ). Akkadian has lost the glottal stop /ʔ/, while Aramaic has lost both the glottal stop and the glottal fricative /h/. - Classical Arabic has six vowel phonemes /a/, /i/, /u/, /æ /, /e/, /o/, which can be short or long. Akkadian has only three vowel phonemes /a/, /i/, /u/, which can be short or long, while Aramaic has only two vowel phonemes /a/ and /i/, which can be short or long. Arabic has three cases for nouns: nominative, accusative, and genitive. Other Semitic languages have lost or reduced these case endings; Akkadian has only two cases: nominative and genitive-accusative. Hebrew has no case endings at all. Arabic a complex verbal system that includes 19 main forms (awzān) that indicate different meanings and functions. These forms are derived from the root-and-pattern morphology, where the consonants of the root fill the slots of the pattern. For example, the root k-t-b means "write" and can form different verbs such as kataba "he wrote", kattaba "he made (someone) write", kātaba "he corresponded", aktaba "he dictated", etc. Other Semitic languages have simpler verbal systems that include fewer forms and meanings. For example, Hebrew has only seven main forms (binyanim) This means that Classical Arabic can encode more information in a given unit of speech than other languages, and that it is not only closer to the original sound system of protosemitic, it predates it. We can see that Arabic has more grammatical features than the other languages, such as case endings, mood endings, and root and pattern system, sounds that were lost or changed, more verb and noun forms to emphasize different aspects of the sentence. These features make Arabic more expressive and precise than the other languages, as it can convey more information and nuances in a single word or phrase. Arabic is therefore older and more original than the other languages. Now how is it that the Qur'an came thousands of years in a language that is lexically, syntactically, phonemically, and semantically older than the oldest recorded writing? God did bring down the Qur’an, Mohamed is his Messenger. God did bring down the Qur’an, Mohamed is his Messenger. God did bring down the Qur’an, Mohamed is his Messenger.

Much appreciated! Thank you.

Awesome! Last year I did a video on Hebrew and Akkadian the you may enjoy. Toda raba!

Ge'ez?

Ge’ez and tigrinya.

@@Yallah-2023 Ge’ez and tigrinya

@@makdayohannes ብኸመይ

I'm basically approximating it from vocalization traditions of Eastern Aramaic and historical linguistics. Occasionally, we learn the pronunciation of the oldest Aramaic when it is written in cuneiform script (which bears all the necessary vowels), so that let's us approximate it to a certain degree (but is of course, incomplete).

Alaha mazed Atur.

Today they're all gone. Long Live Arabs 👍

Long live Assyrians who have preserved their ancient language until now. Arabs came from the Arabian peninsula and had no written language, Arabic was derived from such ancient semitic languages later on.

Yes, absolutely. There is actually a full phrase in the Aramaic version that reads: dmwt' zy I hdys3y : zy: šm : qdm : hddskn.... the likeness of Hadad-Yis3i, which he placed before Haddad of Sikan.

Interesting. How did you acquire these artifacts?

Replica or original??

Yes because the original Phoenician writing (from which Greek alphabet descended) was originally written like that.

@johnsmith-ir1ne 100% lie you say ! 1.there is no Greeks, show me a genuine map with Greece on it before 1829 ! No such thing ! 2.Phoenicioans give and alphabet to what you call greeks back then ,otherwise called Danaoi people in real times ,that are 100% afro-semitics !

@@user-RedPirateTerrorist top quality troll. I laughed. Here's an upvote

@@johnsmith-ir1ne who cares if you laughed or not! All I said are facts!

Akkadian and Aramaic are different languages, but very similar to one another. This utility of the language is probably one of the major reasons why the Assyrian Empire eventually adopted Aramaic administratively.

@@ProfessorMichaelWingert so ,assyrian Empire absorbed the identity of Aramaics?

First you need to Read the abstract carefully! it is saying "contact between egypt and PROTO-ARABIC speakers which separated from Central semitics in 3 mill.BCE " and NOT with Classical arabic speaking community which appeared during 1 century BCE. Second, you are comparing a proto-language with non proto-languages. You need to compare proto-aramaic with proto-arabic and not old aramaic or hebrew with proto-arabic.

​@@emmanuelalbazi8560Bro, you are wasting your time trying to act rational with these loons...

Indeed, I mean that person's name is literally hardcore Islamist

The sons of Shem: Elam, Arpachshad, Asshur, Aram and Lud.

Call them whatever you like - they are definitely in the same family as other Semitic languages.

The Arabic word for "Syrian" is Shami. Which is cognite with semite.

Your comment is wrong. It’s the languages of Sham. In English Sham means Semitic. The name Syria comes from Assyria (Ashour) who is the son of Sham. Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Iran were all parts of Mesopotamia and these languages belonged to the people of Mesopotamia. I am an Assyrian from Iraq and speak Aramaic.

bullshit,, muslims believe that Aramaic a holy language,, language of jesus (isa) & gospels (injil),, Arabic language of Islam & Aramaic are siblings.. educate yourself Asian