While the story humans obviously evolved a lot in real life humans can survive in vacuum without losing consciousness around 15 seconds. Then survive another ~90 before actually dying. Exhaling first can also reduce lung damage as the vacuum takes out the oxygen, but it can't fully prevent it. So even, if someone survive such situation it takes time to heal while the subject cannot do anything, that would stress his/her lungs.
Even with nano help in healing broken bones, they would need the calcium etc to do so. Where would they get it from, especially if the body is busy also healing organ repair. So, unless the human was fed the needed minerals, vitamins and proteins enzymes and fluids, healing could not be achieved. As a last point the body to achieve this healing would need extra energy either from carbohydrates or sugars.
Why should it need additional minerals, if you break your bone it can just use the material of the broken bone. All it needs is some kind of energy for the organic machines to disassamble the broken bone and reassemble it. Would be intressting how they can figure if a bone is fine or if it got broken.
