Ammonia-Based Lifeforms 

True, but first we have to find the first example of it. Fortunately, possibilities exist within our own solar system.

I disagree. The habital zone refers to the areas that we can exist in. You can explore deep oceams, but that is not a habital place with our current technology. The whole point of the habital zone to to find places that we, not some other creature, can survive.

​@billlyell8322 uh. No. We can exist in the twilight zone of pretty much any star. By means of using rotating habitats and stellar light collectors. The intrest is in the question, what else might be living in that solar system and what critter could already be out there debating nuking us into oblivion or welcoming us in open arms.

@AnonymousAnarchist2 I find it hard to concern myself with what if, while our head politician takes bribes from foreign nations that wish to destroy us. Child mutilation is promoted that was deemed crimes against humanity in the 1930 and 40s. A terrorist is released by this nation to free a drug smuggler from justice in another nation, all in the name of progress. We have been trapped on this planet since the 1960s through government incompetence and corruption. Are you not weary of bread and circus yet? We had nuclear rockets built and tested in the 1960s. There is no e cause why we are not mining h3 from the moon right this second to power clean energy. We should at the very least, have outposts on both Mars and Venus by now. What have we done instead? Wasted billions in low earth orbit that doesn't even provide any production that can help people. That is REAL progress. Growth. You want to expand science and knowledge, you go there... you do things... you learn what is... not what if.

​@billlyell8322 I get what you mean, but the habital zone is vague it's based on scientific study, so far as we have looked we are the only example and our planet is the only test subject to compare too, so that's a good place to start for sure we are proof it's possible and there is proof no other place so far is because they are not in perfect conditions. Smart to look for places you know many multi cellular life co exists, not just us, leaving us knowledge all these un related life forms all seem to have needed this perfect zone. Doesn't mean it can't be on a hell planet but in biology process just cannot happen without certain environmental conditions.

I wanna live on the ethanol planet 😂😂

@@turkeyboyjh1 Maybe cellular life on such a planet has dual-wall fatty acid cellular membranes... But inverted :) Tails out! Also, such a planet almost certainly exists, alcohols are very common even in nebulae

@@JKa244 Hmm... Interesting!

So, what kind of chemistry could fuel life in those environments? Maybe there's some things similar to our own oxygenation event that we could look for signs of.

@@haroldsaxon1075 I really don't know - there are so many different permutations of different possible solvents, temperature ranges, dissolved chemicals, etc.... Probably the easiest way to find out would be to simulate such environmental conditions and see what happens!

My thoughts as well. It is one of the miracles of water that keeps us from freezing over, but also bursts our pipes.

Could you explain why not? Is there something about ice sinking that prevents it from melting? Like from the higher density of the deep ocean?

@@technic1285Since the ice is denser than the liquid, it won't form a sheet on the top of the body, but instead large bodies of liquid ammonia would start to freeze from the bottom up, where they would never melt due to the lower temperatures and lack of sunlight. You'd be left with a shallow puddle of ammonia on top of huge glaciers of it

Thus, subsurface ammonia oceans are not able to exist, so while even the remotest icy moon has a small chance of hosting life beneath the ice while the surface is a hostile to life as it can get. In ammonia ice worlds, the surface is the only place where life would be guaranteed to be found, very exposed to the dangers of space, unless the planet has considerable reservoirs of water, in which case there would always be two biotas competing.

Red dwarf stars would transition much more slowly than Sol, some 25% to 35% radiance change, equivalent to a nearly 10% change in temperature, over 4.5 billion years. Temperature transitions 100X slower would be possible.

dont click sort by new

Hahaha hahaha n

An important detail about an ideal life solvent: it needs to be able to dissolve many kinds of molecules, but also allow or even facilitate chemical reactions during the dissolved state. It cannot be too harsh, but it cannot be too gentle either. Methane is far too weak a solvent for life, however it can be used as a nutrient or building block for chemistry happening in a stronger solvent such as ammonia.

@@RandomGuy-qg9xf We don't actually know that. What you said is speculation, too.

@@RandomGuy-qg9xf I'm replying to see what happens in this conversation in the future, please ignore me.

@@RandomGuy-qg9xf Eh. I've heard conflicting arguments on both sides of this. The facts are that we have only discovered one life bearing world, Earth. That's it. We can't even agree on a singular origin method for just Earth's life. We don't really know the minimum requirements for life or how likely that is to occur naturally elsewhere. We do know about how common specific elements are and their properties. However, we don't know as much about what conditions can or cannot for certain bear life. We can speculate based on our knowledge of chemistry, but this is just speculation. As far as Silicon goes, I never mentioned it. It should be noted that carbon based life is not just carbon as a pure element. It's carbon molecules, which means it is mixed with other elements. While my personal opinion is that silicon based life seems unlikely, you wouldn't get it out of pure silicon.

​@RandomGuy-qg9xf while I agree its extremely unlikely, you can't prove a negative statement like that easily at all. And human science certainly hasn't proven that. While I don't think it's something we should spend a penny finding out, it's still theoretically possible.

"Well since we are allergic to water it would be a no ... or is it?"

Interesting

It could be that there are loads of different forms of life - different solvents, different oxidizers, different polymers to store information and act as enzymes. Or it could be that DNA based life with oxygen as the oxidizer and water as the solvent is basically universal and seeded Earth via panspermia. We can see hints of this because it seems like unicellular organisms developed rather quickly after the late heavy bombardment era and that many bacteria could survive in space. Or even that if you spread it over the galaxy you'd find a lot of DNA/O2/H2O based life and maybe a couple of outlier planets where life used ammonia as a solvent or chlorine as an oxidizer. Then again maybe most neutron stars or even most normal stars have life based on radically different principles and it turns out that is much more common than all the planet based life, rather like how dark matter is much more common than what we consider 'normal' matter. Maybe we can't tell without going out there but I do think theorizing and then looking for evidence from astronomy might find something really interesting.

Someone answer this

I personally love the "Gather round, nerds, it's storytime!" vibes he brings

Im gonna have too watch this 3 times. I only ever thought about Silicon

Sea salt and vinegar chips brother!

Lotion🧴? Check.

What would an ammonia based life form snack on? A few chilled long chain hydrocarbons floating in alcohols? Maybe it would get drunk when consuming a small amount of water.

I remember chatting with artefexian a couple times back before the show when he'd also just done a couple vids, wow that seems like an eternity ago. :)

And beaten to this comment I see. Seeing Issac's take on a hypothetical timeline of a non-carbon-water world would be fascinating.

would be cool to have a collab spec evo series about an ammonia world (maybe with some water) and come up with some reasonable guesses at like, reduced metabolic speeds, different challenges for life, etc, and play out evolution for a while

I would pay good money to see a spec project from Isaac

Electron availability in deep space is measured in e/m2. You will be there. It will be more like a sub than you think. The moments where it is interesting, beautiful or heartbreaking will be the breaks in the massive monotony. But do not miss your chance. Take that elevator, step through that door, say yes when they ask you.

😊 I'm❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤

virgin

@@DonaldCrapsackhow the hell can you just have a penis pfp on RU-vid 💀

Would the inverse then be true also

And if there are any ammonia based life forms you could go around altruistically peeing in their mouths to keep yourself mildly amused.

​@@attemptedunkindness3632🤣

@@Smp_lifting You're probably right, and that is something a lot of people need to keep in mind when talking about finding [extremophile] life elsewhere in the universe, but keep in mind also that while we have some good ideas of where life came from, we don't actually *know* where and how life arose on Earth, and we certainly don't know the outer bounds on the conditions allowed for life arising. Life may have needed X Y and Z on Earth to arise, but that doesn't mean it couldn't have arisen under completely different A B and C conditions elsewhere.

​@@Smp_lifting It's worth remembering that life on Earth likely began around hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor.

This is the most likely scenario.

Life development, and sufficient biomass for evolution to occur are very different situations. Finding examples of extreme life in unusual places, and complex organisms in enough quantity to evolve are very different situations.

In reality thats one of the best places life can be lmao

not really? I mean the video discusses aspects of all 5 of those but like... it's not like they're talking about the whole of those topics in 30 minutes lol

​@@thezipcreatordo you understand how not to take things literally

@@sakurarara4725 idk I just kind of hate it when people like aggrandize videos way above what they actually are. this video is good, sure, but this comment''s like blowing it out of proportion. idk maybe you're right but it just annoys me personally.

Omg !!!

since i was like 10 or 11

Disgusting

yes! these are the episodes I never miss!

They are also a lot more violent

Quoted from a video "sir, there is a gas giant ahead of us!" "Land on it!" "How sir?" "Very carefully."

Sounds like Futurama @@afafaa3302

man has a serious lisp

Kinda but I wanted to emphasize it was the alternative solvent, like water, not specifically a carbon alternative like silicon

Agreed. I'm very annoyed by the humanoid alien trope. If we're talking about Earth-like life, I think there would be a somewhat limited size range. If the organism was too small, it probably wouldn't have a complex enough brain. That said, I think it might even be able to be the size of a medium bird or something, so it's possible it could be quite a bit smaller than us. Of course, that's speculation, though. Also, being able to produce fire would be pretty difficult without sufficient size and strength, but then again, it might be a challenge we could've solved eventually even if we were a lot smaller. Fire is really important for an advanced life form because you also need it to be able to work with metals, which are needed for more advanced technology, and for a lot of other things. As for a larger end, an advanced extraterrestrial may be able to be a lot larger than we are, possibly only be limited in size by its planet's gravity and the ability of the ecosystem to support it, etc. On the other hand, space exploration would get more challenging the bigger an organism got, because particularly getting from the ground to space means you have to deal with a lot of material strength constraints. On the other hand, if the planet had much lower gravity, that could reduce the difficulty of some of those challenges. If we're talking about advanced life forms that aren't based on water or carbon, then I have no idea. LOL

This 30$ tablet I got has an invert mode so I've been watching on invert, you might enjoy the visuals like that on occasion when choomed.

That's a new twist on "a drink and a snack!"

Thanks for sharing!

I second that. I had a romantic, wishful thinking type of approach to life in the universe prior to reading his work. I now feel far more empowered knowing humanity is a race full of potential and promise, even though our future will be very difficult.

But it does have to obey chemistry and laws of physics

I sorta always question that. Of course, my version is, why does all life gotta match up to Earth's standard? If you look at the grand scale of things, especially with how big and vast the universe is, it makes you question that notion. I think the reason why we based ideas and theories on potential alien life on Earth's standard of life is because so far, that's all we know. We don't know or have discovered any other potential forms of life other than the ones we already found on Earth.

@@icecold9511 until it doesn't and changes our misunderstandings of these "laws" we base only on our own understanding which is always evolving!

"Life on such oxygen rich watery worlds could be possible, but unlikely, and would be very simple and delicate, not able to exist if the temperatures ever dropped below freezing. The expansion of water ice would severely damage the creature meaning frozen hibernation wouldn't be possible."

Awesome! Thank you!

yeah he probably was bullied, is that funny to you?

At higher pressure, ammonia can remain liquid at higher temperatures.

Ah, sadly that is 3am for me xD But enjoy! Still amazed and happy that you became president :D

I'm gonna go ahead and call the habitable zone for ammonia-based life the "Ammonialocks Zone"

@@cmelton6796 nice one :)

Could you do an episode about intergalactic government or societies. A take on what possible federations or empires that could exist.

@@Breamin YEs, though suspect I've done one or two before too :)

I need to steal that line :) I actually only have seen my episodes a couple times on fullscreen and a big HD screen at that, I don't really watch them too often, I get a little shocked how nice they look when I do. Enjoy the new apartment!

😂 lowe it man, he probably has a speech impediment

😂

The Mosul orb is a static object filmed as a drone flies over it at speed.

Wattle

I just wish all of this rain we've been getting wasn't detrimental to our garden. The marigolds are doing well, but my impatiens, daisies and herbs are struggling with oversaturation.

@@Lady_Flashheart40 Same. My mother's garden is struggling too. I will try to help prepare her garden for the best drainage possible for next year's season, but I'm not even sure how to go about that with an outdoor garden, when there is this much rain. Maybe we'll try raised beds, with layers of stone and perlite, or some mix. Going to be studying the subject this winter, for sure.

So his broad accent is typical for Ohio?

Hey just wondering do all Ohioans not know how to make the 'R' sound or just Mistew awthuw?

lol, can you imagine an exploding tentacle monster that just wants to be your friend.

Nitrogen-based compounds typically are easy to bring to a rapidly-propagating gas reaction in contact with free oxygen around 300-600 kelvin. At 100-200 kelvin and absent of oxygen, nitrogen compounds are much more stable.

@@TheReaverOfDarkness What would we, as oxygen based organisms, have to do in order to interact with a species like that?

@@TheTyrial86 The temperature and likely pressure difference are probably going to be the only hurdles, which may be roughly the same hurdles with carbon&water-based life. Should the pressure and temperature be close enough to each other, we should be able to get by with very thin coverings to keep the relative noxious chemicals from intermixing, but it shouldn't be that much of a safety hazard as long as there is medical equipment available for the foreigner species, in case of a suit leak. Small amounts of ammonia in the air won't hurt us, and small amounts of water in the air probably won't hurt them. Remember, their bodies are going to be quite well contained within some kind of skin or exoskeleton, to protect the juice inside from unwanted chemical reactions. All life must be this way.

As an Avali fan (name unrelated) I spotted this video and had to do a double take.

As he said though, the energy state would be low. The math says we blow right oast them in development

Great book

HMMMM MMMMMM MMM MMMMMMMM

Oh yeah, Murdock had some amusing moments, iirc he thought it had burned the soles of his shoes and maybe something to do with ET :)

And Avali