ANATOMY - Azygos Venous System 

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Descriptive anatomy of the azygos veins. Drawing anatomy on the whiteboard.
The term azygos means single i.e. without a companion.
Azygos system of veins consists of azygos, hemiazygos, and
accessory hemiazygos veins. These veins lie in front of thoracic part of vertebral column and play an important role in the venous drainage of the thorax.
The azygos vein connects the inferior vena cava with the
superior vena cava. It is provided with valves and may appear
tortuous.
The accessory hemiazygos vein lies on the left side only and corresponds to the upper part of the azygos vein.
Sometimes the terminal parts of hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins join together to form a common trunk which crosses across the vertebral column to open into the azygos vein.
The hemiazygos vein lies on the left side only and corresponds to the lower part of the azygos vein.