Why aren't educational animated movies to this quality more common? I love these videos, it's nice to visualize the knowledge we have but can't observe with our eyes.
Probably because of the existential dread that comes with knowing that all life will die within 0.00000000001% of the entire time the universe exists before time becomes meaningless thanks to Black Holes and possibly Proton Decay.
@@muffinandcake5247 I said the truth only. Do you still believe such complexity was made by itself? If yes, I would agree if windows 10 was made by itself. As a programmer, it is IMPOSSIBLE for me to believe that this complexity was made by itself.
@@King-Salem if a complex being requires the existence of God as an answer. Then what is the explation to the existence of God. Did god created itself? If so then where is the consistency? It seems like your logic is flawed
People are impressed by the structures themselves, but what always impressed me the most was how these pieces fly around throughout the vast space of the cell and zero in on the correct areas with extreme precision, and with no visible mechanism to bring them together. What makes it even more impressive is that 85% of the contents are edited out in these videos. So what looks clear and open is really quite densely packed and extremely active.
I mean it's that crazy, you could imagine them like magnetic puzzle pieces, where they go around attaching to whatever is near them, but only if they fit. Each protein and enzyme is made to fit with another to do some specific job. Although you are correct about the contents, it would be completely filled with other molecules not shown for clarity sake.
*Edit: never mind.* The interior of a cell is not exactly a "vast (empty) space" - unless, of course, if we only care about the nuclei and electrons; in which case, everything, even solid objects, are "vast empty spaces" - but, like the first replier said, it is filled with other molecules that are not shown _for clarity's sake._
Well everything is orchestrated by gene expression and then of course organelles allow compartmentalisation of biochemical processes and molecules, so it’s pretty organised and quite crowded living space. Cells are quite compact rather than vast.
It's two dofferent signal pathways described here. The one started with the T-cell is the extrinsic pathway, the one induced by cytochrome-c released is the intrinsic pathway. They both result in caspase-3 activation and protein and cytoskeleton cleavage.
I too missed a clear distinction between the two because now it seems like it's all one process. But then they also could include the Bax-part which triggers the release of cytochrome C :)
This is covered on the last exam in cell biology. Kind of sad to see the thing you have become so attached to throughout the semester kill itself, lol.
Rest assured it does so for a very good reason. The main reason is an error while replicating. Apoptosis is a safety measure by the cell to ensure neighboring cells or new cells produced by it are not harmed
T-killer is a kinda policeman or soldier, there was no bulling by other "regular" cells. But yes, apoptosis can be initiated by other reasons, when the cell somehow causes damage to the organism. For example, neuron can kill itself when it translate too much signals.
It's also mind-blowing that we personify the "life" of the cell as ending but really it's just atoms and molecules reacting to one another. How "life" figured this out is deeply perplexing.
We love this animation of the apoptotic cascade! It is a very helpful training tool for our company, which specializes in apoptosis and caspase assays. Thanks!
I'm studying apoptosis at the moment in my course and having to write at the mo about cascade 8 so this is helpful to visualise things, I love this type of visual aid. Love the animation many thanks.
Cells are so awesome! "Attention: You have been discovered to be diseased, and are scheduled for deletion. Please attempt to do as complete a job as possible." "Command has been received and verified. Thank you for the notification. Now proceeding to self-destruct..."
So mind-boggling. Again, thank you all so much for bringing this to us. It really is amazing to see a “death ligand”. ❤️ all the videos, it is so fantastically complex!
So there are two pathway shown here. The first one was the extrinsic pathway activated by Killer T cells and the second was the intrinsic pathway which is activated by p53 activating the production of BH3 proteins which form a channel on the outer membrane of the mitochondria which allows for release of cytochrome c. Apoptosis ends with phagocytes eating the bleb or little vesicles at the end. The phagocyte should have been included because apoptosis leaves no trace of the cell behind after it is destroyed. This is a big difference between apoptosis and necrosis.
I am writing a book TBI - A clinical Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment. Find me at tbimedlegal and have spent the past 6 weeks reading articles on Apoptosis, Necrosis and Authphagy. Your film is excellent and makes sense. When I return to Melbourne with Pathlabs, I owe you a tall one for the efforts and accomplishment... Excellent work..
Amazing video, my best compliments to the authors. I highly recommend to watch it while playing the video "Craig Armstrong - Escape (Full Version)" instead of the original audio, it becomes much more emotioning! =]
What always is hard for me to get is how there are so many of any particular protein saturated in an area so that these things can happen. Like how are there enough of those proteins that destroy others just floating around for them to activate? Or the ones that initially bond to the death protein from the T-cell. Even in things like RNA transcription, how is there enough tRNA in the area for every amino acid. How is there enough ATP everywhere? How are there enough DNA bases floating around in the nucleus. Where do those DNA bases even come from, afaik they arent made by RNA and ribosomes?
I've noticed that there are a few comments here about not understanding what's going on. Here's the Sparknote's version. Basically it is a cascade of proteins activating other proteins. Eventually, the end product protein breaks down the cytoskeleton of the cell, which determines the cell's rigidity and structure, causing the cell to essentially disintegrate.
Caspase 3 is activated two times one by caspase 8 and in the last by apoptosome Please clear Why function of Caspase is different in two activations. 1.53 and 3.31 Please guide. Thanks
Caspase 3 isn't activated twice, the video just shows two different pathways of apoptosis (the first one with the T cell is called the Extrinsic pathway, the other with the mitochondrion is called the Intrinsic pathway).
