Turbine Types Used in Hydroelectric Power Plants Water turbines, the most important component of hydroelectric power plants, began to develop in the 19th century. Water turbines, which are mostly involved in electricity generation, are used in filling dams to generate electricity from the kinetic energy of water. These turbines vary according to the location of the hydroelectric power plants, height and flow rate of the water. In this article, we investigated the types of water turbines for you. Hydroelectric energy, which has a widespread usage area today, has an important place among energy sources. In hydroelectric systems, flow energy and potential energy of water are utilized. In such systems, water is drained from a high place and sent to the turbines through a channel or penstock. Mechanical energy is obtained from the turbines by the flow energy of the water, then the generators are driven by the rotation of the turbine shaft to generate electrical energy. In order to obtain this energy, water must have a certain head (height) and flow (speed). In addition, turbines used in hydroelectric systems vary according to the direction of flow of water, the mode of action of the water and the state of the turbine shaft. There are two types of turbines commonly used in hydroelectric power plants: 1-Action (Impact Type) Turbines In such turbines, fluid enters the impellers or ladles at atmospheric pressure and exits at atmospheric pressure. For this reason, it can also be called as co-pressure turbines. Action turbines are more preferred at high head and low fluid speeds. The most commonly used action type turbines are: Pelton, Turgo and Banki turbines. 2-Reaction Type Turbines The reaction type turbines operate with the power obtained in combination with the effect of pressure and moving water. Fluid (water) increases the energy of motion by hitting each of the blades (blades) in the turbines. At the same head and flow rate, this type of turbine rotates faster than the action type turbine. Furthermore, the structure of the reaction type turbines is very complex and difficult to manufacture. Examples of reaction type turbines: Francis, Kaplan, Uskur are widely used.
22 дек 2019
