atmosphere layers and earth layers working model (rotating) science project for exhibition - diy - howtofunda
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Project Overview :
Layers of the Atmosphere:
The atmosphere is a blanket of gases surrounding the Earth, divided into five layers. Each layer has different temperatures and functions:
Troposphere (Closest to Earth):
Where we live and breathe.
It’s the lowest layer, reaching up to about 8-15 km (5-9 miles).
Weather events (like rain, snow, and storms) happen here.
As you go higher, the temperature gets colder.
Stratosphere:
It starts right above the troposphere, extending up to about 50 km (31 miles).
Ozone layer (which protects us from harmful UV rays) is found here.
Jets and airplanes often fly in this layer because it’s stable.
Unlike the troposphere, the temperature increases as you go up.
Mesosphere:
Extends from the stratosphere up to about 85 km (53 miles).
It’s where meteors burn up when entering the Earth’s atmosphere, creating shooting stars.
It’s the coldest layer, with temperatures dropping as low as -90°C (-130°F).
Thermosphere:
Starts above the mesosphere and extends up to about 600 km (373 miles).
Satellites orbit in this layer, and the Northern and Southern Lights (auroras) occur here.
The temperature rises dramatically, but it doesn’t feel hot because the air is so thin.
Exosphere (Outermost Layer):
Extends from the thermosphere to about 10,000 km (6,200 miles).
This is where the atmosphere merges into space.
Very thin air, mostly made of hydrogen and helium.
Layers of the Earth:
The Earth itself is made up of four layers, from the surface down to the very center. These layers vary in composition, temperature, and pressure.
Crust (Outer Layer):
The solid, rocky outer layer where we live.
It’s very thin compared to the other layers, just 5-70 km (3-44 miles) thick.
Made of continental crust (thicker, found under land) and oceanic crust (thinner, found under oceans).
Mantle:
Below the crust, the mantle extends to a depth of about 2,900 km (1,800 miles).
It's mostly made of hot, solid rock that moves slowly, which causes tectonic plates to shift (leading to earthquakes and volcanic activity).
The upper part of the mantle is partially molten and helps drive the movement of the Earth's crust.
Outer Core:
A liquid layer made mostly of iron and nickel, extending from 2,900 km to about 5,100 km (1,800 to 3,200 miles) beneath the surface.
It’s super hot (over 4,000°C or 7,200°F).
The outer core’s movement generates the Earth’s magnetic field.
Inner Core:
The very center of the Earth, made of solid iron and nickel.
Even though it's extremely hot (up to 5,700°C or 10,300°F), it stays solid because of the immense pressure.
It's like a huge, metal ball at the heart of the planet.
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30 сен 2024
