I actually love having random space convos with unpredictable people, it's amazing how much interest there is. ❤ even at the coffee shop! But absolutely amazing point and good awareness for people. Support your favorite channels people ❤❤
It is surprising which people are interested in what. I’ve never met a stranger so I’m always down (time permitting) to have random in depth conversations.
Tatooine - I have 2 master's degrees and a doctorate in a field far, far away from what we are looking at here (Theology and Psychology) but have learned how to learn. At 66, I started to review mathematics again so I can understand a bit more of what physicists are talking about. The human spirit (oops, sorry that's controversial) cannot be broken by facts, only enriched. I would encourage anyone who wants to understand to do the work. Who knows? You yourself might well contribute to the foundation of knowledge that we all stand upon. On a personal note, I would not mind being sent to Mars to work on our civilization's foothold. This life's end is a certainty, but that doesn't mean we can't still contribute in our own ways to progress, no matter our age!
I feel that our progress as humans needs to be done (or significantly advanced) here on Earth before we shift our focus to distant very inhospitable locations. If not, we are only dragging our garbage around the solar system. As for technology improvements (I'm all for them), that will come, but will it progress our race by some untold way? It hasn't thus far.
One of your finest. Encouraging our support for our interests and then taking the time to explain how scientists are working hard to give the rest of us knowledge.
Tatooine. A very good way to describe the essence of the scientific method for those that are sceptical of scepticism (yah, pun intended). Especially how you ended with wouldn't the world not be a better place if more people embraced the idea of having random ideas backed up by evidence.
I like the idea of Mars being the new Florida. Old people as far as the eye can see. On the opposite side It makes me wonder what planet all the young people would choose to attend Spring Break.
Perhaps, our planet acquiring its moon gave us plate tectonics, a Dynamo, oceans too, and tides. All due to the type of collision with Thea: a possibly water-rich dwarf planet originally from out past Jupiter, sent our way by the Jovian lord. In short, blame it on the moon, Thea & Jupiter.
Bespin. ... Personal observations force me to conclude that I am getting more dense over time, although I don't expect to collapse for several decades yet.
Q: this is perhaps outside the purview of question time but here goes anyway: I once encountered the ... hypothesis? (perhaps "notion" would be a more accurate label) that the convex curvature of the 3D space we know is due to it being the 3D surface of a 4D hypersphere. I don't much care about the (im?)plausibility of such a conjecture, but I have questions about what it would imply, if true. Would acceleration of the expansion rate not imply that the hypersphere is shrinking, causing the convexity of its surface to increase? And if so, and the acceleration continues, what happens when the diameter of the hypersphere reaches zero? Does the 3D space that we know and love not simply go "poof"? [Addendum, not part of the question] You'd have a whole lot of matter with nowhere to be... Something exciting would be bound to happen. Perhaps someone more clever and or crackpot than I could build a cyclical universe theory from this. Perhaps they already have?
How can we tell a difference between the universe is expanding (or us shrinking) and the speed of causality slowly decreasing? Why do we assume it's the former? (Follow up question to [Bespin] and [Mustafar].)
Question: Which Lagrange Point would be the best place to put a large space station/habitat? Which LP gives the best balance between energy availability and heat radiation? Which LP is likely to have the least "junk" floating around in it? While I would assume a Lunar LP (4 or 5) might be a first try, by the time we look at Earth's LPs, the distance from Earth may make a Venus or Mars LP just as close (at least some of the time) but Venus would have easier access to energy in with perhaps more problem radiating heat.... That may not be true with no convection to take into account (I don't really know). The final part of the question: would a LP be better than something in its own orbit around a planet or the Sun? The biggest advantage to an LP, in particular an Earth LP, would be communication due to the station always being in the same position relative to earth. On the other hand, some thing that crosses our path once in a while may be easier to commute to. There are probably a lot more compromises I have not thought of. Is there someone studying this you could interview? P.S. I looked really hard to find Lagrange point questions I don't think I have heard before ;)
Does infinity really exist? If so, then anything and everything we could possibly think of would exist, like parallel universes that are alternate timelines to ours. Thanks Fraser!
I believe it is possible to recompile the aberrations seen in gravitational lensed images? Would these images look like the images from a standard telescope and if so are there any examples of this being done before? Maybe if you were at the focal point, the image would look perfectly normal?
Good explanation of natural science. What I know Mars have a faint magnetic field which suggests it have a faint dynamo too but cooled too much. If you think looong it can be restarted. Solar energy input in the ground to warm it up. Takes maybe 1 000 s of years but when you achieve it you have got a much better situation. You can "fix" a proper atmosphere by redirecting asteroids with Nitrogen,water etc. that do not blow away because of the solar wind. 1 000 years seams impossible long for a human but for humanity it is actually a short time. Especially for eastern Asiatic people who are fixated on the ancestors and think much more in the long run than us Westerns. We have lived in cities for 1 000 s of years already. The gravity problem on Mars can be handled with genetic engineering, at least partially. Because Mars is located further from the sun it will be habitable longer than the Earth. I believe in the future of humanity, with all its faults. "Space, the final Frontier."
Hoth: when people get old they can move to Mars.... wouldn't it be cheaper to fly them to the arctic? It seems to me at one time they used to put the old people outside in the winter in the arctic. Sending them to Mars with our current technology would have much the same effect and really, the living conditions would not be any better than todays long term care facilities here. Speaking of which, go visit someone in Long term care. This is one area that no insurance pays for yet would be most beneficial to these people. Much more so than lighter gravity.
Is a black hole a distinct object or is it a phenomenon for when an object gets too dense/massive for light to escape its gravity? Like is there a threshold where a neutron star all of a sudden becomes a black hole? Or is it possible that there is an event horizon at the core of stars and we just can’t see it?
Are there roughly parabolic shaped craters on the moon that could be turned into giant radar dishes with minimal effort by coating them with radar reflective material?
7M Y for Voyager 2 to reach Alpha Centory is just insane xD My gosh .... Its actually a realy good idea to take a known underatandable point of reference here on the earth scale (ex:Turbojet,fighter jet or even for harder comparaison),.. compare it to voyager 1&2 to then compared that to the great distance and speed of deep space bodies!!
@Fraser Cain : you said only 4% of the universe is reachable if right now we leave at close to the speed of light. 4% of the volume or 4% of the radius? If 4% of the radius, then 4% is 1.6 billion LY, correct?
Sadly the support I can give is really only limited to watching ads. Usually I'll just sit and watch an ad but if its ridiculously long (Like the hour long ads) or more than a 3 minute ad I try and wait like 30 seconds and then skip. I really dont get why they make ads that long. Nobodys going to sit and watch the whole thing. And the hour long ones only really play through if youre asleep so its kinda pointless. 😂
The hope is that we'll get to the point where I can remove the ads from everything. At this point I think I'm just a couple of years away. I'd remove the ads from RU-vid if I could, but then RU-vid will actually put even more in and then keep the money. But the whole point of this system is that other people support our work so people who can't afford to support it (like you) can watch for free. You're doing it right. :-)
The great attractor is still, relatively speaking, a "local" event, and although very very very large, cannot be responsible for any forces outright in space time. And regarding people still making vids about many known or already explained things, I'd say that's not done out of ignorance but more likely just for pure profit, lazy, hacks, they are.
As a faculty scientist myself I can say that science is certainly combative. Trying to get a paper published is like walking on a treadmill uphill while having people poke you in your weakest spots randomly.
Tatooine, I liked your reinforcement of the scientific method and peer review processes! An obvious thought struck me about your Kamino answer. Betelgeuse would not exist as a red giant by the time you arrived.
Tatooine! I wouldn't have even taken the time to answer that person, but you made something amazing out of you answer! We have to trust all these independent scientists who are skeptically reviewing each others work, at least for fields we're not personally fascinated enough by to read the literature, follow along with the logic, and yes sometimes even do the math. There is a chain of evidence going back to fundamental axioms of math and philosophy, and were thrilled every time we find a weak link in it or a new branch 😁🤯
Coruscant - 1 meter of water above will do the trick, especially if protected by 10+cm of glass & held up by another 5-6 cm of glass… The mirrors & or LED’s could provide extra light to encourage growth, especially if you’re planting on racks.
The most current MRI scanners have a magnetic field of 14 Tesla. Put one of these, without shielding as we put them on Earth, in space at the Mars L1 LaGrange point (between Mars and the Sun). Connect to a SMR (small nuclear reactor) for a constant power supply or a power supply that has to be changed/updated every 50 to 100 years. This would put a Magnetic 'bubble' Field covering all of Mars making it safe from the Solar and Cosmic Radiation. :) We could also put one on the Moon/Luna and give the Moon a Magnetic Field.
Are photographs from telescopes different so that every pixel contains information about all of the frequencies of light hitting it? For usual cameras, I would think that a pixel only has 1 value for wavelenght represented digitally later as RGB.
We can see the cosmic horizon. However, in the 13.8 billion years the light from the cosmic horizon has been traveling to our retinas, the cosmic horizon has since moved on and is now about 40 billion light years away. So what you're seeing is 40 light years away, but it released the light you're seeing 13.8 billion years ago.
Is it possible that we will see the other galaxies on the other side of the milkyway galaxy (the great attractor group of galaxies) in about 115 million years when the solar system makes half an orbit and moves over to the other side of the milky way?
Mandalore - What if Thea, the planet that crashed into Earth to form the moon, was an icy planet, kicked out of the outer solar system by one of the larger planets?
Tatooine! Another area of science that uncovers unimaginable detail from fragments of information is geology! One of my favorite examples is the dating and describing of volcanoes in history from tree rings. The size and composition and date of volcano ash clouds can be well defined by the tree rings (including fossilized trees) So cool!
I live in Alaska and I second the position that if you never have seen the aurora than you should figure out a way to make it happen. If you don't live in good place for aurora, make a point to travel to one (like Iceland, Norway, or Alaska) during the right season at some point in your life.
The Voyagers used gravity assists to get up to speed. To get to Betelgeuse that way would require it to be aligned a certain way with respect to Jupiter's orbit, and Jupiter would probably have to be in a certain part of its orbit. Do you know whether that's the case?
An alignment to use the larger bodies could require a years long wait for the window. Unlikely to duplicate the Voyager slingshots without some creative geometry playing the called 4-5 bank 8 ball in side pocket. Another dellima would be leading the target system accounting for time and distance before departure as well as after. Intervening years BTLGS will possibly burn out or nova in it's death rattle.
Tatooine: what matters is not what you know, but how you know what you know. I hope the person who asked that question stuck around to the end of the answer.
Supporting creators, yes. Though regarding the traditional media industry layoffs, less in ad sales was just a result of the true cause, cable tv cord cutting and the cascading consequences of it.
There are all kinds of reasons. A lot of media companies took a lot of investment that they could never pay back. Apparently Vice is about to file for bankruptcy.
When spacecraft sent to an L1, L2 and L3 point reach the end of their mission, is the remaining propellant used to send the vehicle on a different trajectory or are they just left to drift off uncontrolled? If propellant is used what is the trajectory? If it’s allowed to drift what direction/ orbit do objects tend end up in?
How does chemistry occur in space? Things like water and complex organic compounds seem to be ubiquitous in space matter. So how does water and complex molecules form from the elements produced in supernovas interacting / collapsing together?
We live in an age where there is no excuse for incredulity or stubborn disbelief on the cosmos or any subject, all the information is out there to learn and educate yourself but not only are some people too lazy or uninterested to this but they come onto public platforms and announce their stupidity and lack of knowledge to the world. There is absolutely nothing wrong with asking how we know how to measure the distance to another star or what elements are present in another planets atmosphere, its the arrogant disbelief while having zero knowledge on a given subject that seems to be a growing trend.
I couldn’t get past Florida Man’s question due to the hilarious profile picture, yet you managed to soldier on without breaking character. Impressive! Regardless, I give the edge to the answer given on Tatooine. Thanks for another great Q&A show!
I think you should do one episode a year where it's your questions and our answers. It gives you a chance to laugh at "our" (the general publics) ideas on how things work. I think that would be good, I myself have lots of ideas worth a laugh.
@@frasercain do a small video where you ask lots of questions based on the kind of things said in comments etc, invite answers through email or via comments or a specific means. That'll do.
22:00 I've never heard, "We're all shrinking" Oh My God !!! I now say, AS IF WE FELL INTO A BLACK HOLE, EVERYTHING FALLING "TOWARDS THE SINGULARITY" Faster and Faster exceeding the speed of light and RELITIVISTICALLY faster and faster, smaller and smaller. NOW we have the perpetual direction of time!!! Down into the black hole, our future!!! THAT SUDDEN SHIFT OF PERSPECTIVE!!! OMG!!!
I was curious what effect expansion of the universe would have on the distance to betelgeuce. Some very very rough calculations. So according to google the expansion rate is approx 75km per second per mega parsec. Betelgeuse is approx 0.000131 megaparsecs away. So that means in 7 million years it will be approx 75*3600*24*365*700000*0.000131 km or approx 0.023 light years further away from us.... In fact given voyagers speed of approx 17 km/s it could never reach something that is more than approx 0.25(815390 light years) megaparsecs away due to the expansion... If I didn't mess up.
But what if? What if we blink out of existence, in the next instant, as momentary fluctuations in th#!e inf in*^f infinite c(h@< ch^#$ ch?*$ chaos, of a maximally entropic, Spacetime.. ? Mustafar.
All of the universe is expanding at approximately 70km/s per megaparsec. Local galaxies are not expanding away from each other due to the more locally powerful gravitational pull between each other, yet the Universe fabric underneath/around it is still expanding. At supremely large distances does the universe expansion rate exceed the speed of light. So yes, the universe is expanding around us but locally it's just too slow to worry about.
8:45 I want to add: and you can also do many of these things yourself. Buy/make a telescope, learn how to use it and how to calculate things yourself. Then do it yourself. And you will understand and will be able to check things yourself, in case you are curious. Here in my country university is free, so you can sign in and take as many lessons as you like and/or participate in real science experiments and observations. And there are also a lot of hobby clubs and hobby science communities or other opportunities (like visitor days at observatories, ok maybe more "visitor nights") to take a look for yourself. Science is build on human curiosity. Use it.
I have a question that recently popped into my head: If time is relative to speed and time passes slower or faster depending on velocity of an object. How do we know how fast we are actually moving through space? Like our whole solar system with the sun basically dragging everybody with it? Or is every solar systems in our galaxy dragged at the same speed? And what if our whole galaxy moves at a certain speed? How could we know that? And do we see galaxies that move at very high velocities? And wouldn't that mean, that there's solar systems or galaxies that move really slow through space so time goes away fast and therefor any aliens to develop on there have an advantage to do research, grow big, etc. cause time plays in their favor compared to others? Thanks for trying to answer if you read this.
Yavin - My question is about Pluto and Charon. Since they are tidally locked and orbit a common center of gravity that is above the surface of Pluto, if you stood on the opposite side of Pluto from Charon, would you feel a different sensation of weight than you would if you stood directly below Charon on Pluto's surface?
For Naboo - What is the one common denominator for Venus and Mars that makes them different from Earth as far as a magnetosphere? They don't have a large moon. Our moon is constantly kneading the planed. Working the mantle and core. What happens if you put a moon around Mars that is in relational the same as ours. Could the kneading kick start the core? Just thinking?
18:20 Regarding a scientific journey to Betelgeuse: you also forgot the time it will take to receive data and send commands to our probe. It's also unlikely, that we will be able to send and receive a strong enough signal anyway. It's way more rediculous than it already sounds.
My philosophy about how to think is: 1. Put the observation on a pedestal at the center of your mind. It is all that matters. Avoid confirmation bias by starting with an observation, not the search for an observation that fits a pet theory. 2. Then we make theories. They are tools for our mind that grant us ability to predict experiments and realize how we could build things like computers for instance. The merit of a theory should be based on its practical benefit. Never elevate it to a religion. It is like kneeling before a hammer. Theories can be tossed out at any time for a theory that does a better job for us.
Tatooine. I'm a big believer that science is only just beginning to mature. Every huge civilization looked up to the stars for more understanding, but they had no idea how complicated everything turned out to be. Science fiction couldn't have thought of a more terrifying enemy than regolith for example. Now we have these tested models and we can actually look at the sky to do science. The next chapters of science is to catalogue everything around other stars, actually spreading life to other planets to diversify, making the universe alive one step at a time because life is the ultimate science subject.
Tatooine For me, it's not a question of not trusting the scientists to do their work, honestly and assiduously, with what looks to us mere mortals as vanishingly tiny amounts of evidence. It's a question of not trusting the reconstructions of entire dinosaurs from a left toenail, and entire exotic planets from the spectroscopic analysis of a single pixel. It is not the scientist's fault, and I will happily consume hours of paleo and astro content! There would be no mainstream audience for presenting spreadsheets of data, which is what I imagine the scientists have to work with. But there is no harm in staying aware of just how small the samples are, for a lot of what is proposed. A lot of things will never been known, due to time, or distance, so we have to trust people to make their best, educated, estimations of what is occurring - it is literally all we are able to do.
Dagobah - There are some thing that just can't be experienced fully on a screen which is why I want to see one in person one day. I liken it to experiencing a sky scraper. You can look at the highest of resolution image or video of a sky scraper but it can't be compared to standing at the foot of one and looking up.
