Bacteriophage; Discovery, Structure, Life Cycle (Lytic Cycle Lysogenic) Economic importance 

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• Bacteriophages were discovered independently Twort 1915 in the U.K and Hérelle 1917 in France and the term was coined by Hérelle.
• Bacteriophage or Phage is a virus that infects and replicates only within the body of bacteria and no other organism.
• Highly species-specific towards their host cell. The bacteriophages only infect a single species of bacteria or even specific strains of bacteria within a species.
• Have potential to destroy bacterial suspension and called Twort d Herelle Phenomenon.
• Bacteriophages attacking Escherichia coli are called coliphages or T-phages.
• Like all viruses, phages are simple entities that consist of a core of genetic material (nucleic acid) surrounded by a protein capsid.
• The nucleic acid may be either DNA or RNA and may be double-stranded or single-stranded.
• The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses had classified the phages based on the nature of their nucleic acid, morphology and physicochemical properties of their virion particles. Currently, ICTV has classified the bacteriophages into nine orders, 48 families with 32 subfamilies, and 317 genera.
• By morphology phages can be tailed phages, polyhedral or filamentous phages.
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