Bagpipes aren’t just Celtic - And the difficulty of defining Celtic Music 

Homo sapiens talks in orange autumn forest about Celtic music for 18 minutes.png

Every non Italian makes the same mistake when thinking and talking about Italian music. The stereotype is mandolin, but no one knows about the different bagpipes we have in Italy and the different musics we make in different regions, for example: Sicilian and Neapolitan musics are already really different, but what about northern Italian music? I come from an area where we use piffero (which sounds like a Dalmatian surle, but with a purely major scale), and the music is really major scale based, sometimes Dorian etc... harmonic minors are a modern influence in northern Italy, and sounds near to Phrygian dominant were never present. If you want to listen some northern Italian music I suggest: Alessandrina in La - played by Stefano Valla Povera Donna Alessandrina in Re

You barely learn anything about historical music (in school and modern media aswell), so as a historygeek I always love to hear your thoughts.

I'm from Brittany, we also have our own bagpipes (binious) which are different from the scottish ones and usually play in duet with a small type of oboe called "bombarde" (and a drum). Just to tell the differences between celts themselves, at the point that we share more cultural similarities with a western french or an asturians than our far away cousins in scotland

An extraordinarily fascinating treatise, sir. While I had in my head a few elements in the background, I had never quite made the connexion that, indeed, there is no such thing a "Celtic" music that we wouldn't better call "traditional Scottish/Irish" etc. applicable only to the past few centuries, and definitely not to antiquity. I'm very grateful for your work!

Every time I watch this channel I get sad because of all the music that was lost and we don’t know about

I would say that almost when we talk about Celts we think more than others of the Gaelic culture and its traditions because of Hollywood and nationalism.

No time to sleep, time to learn about bagpipes from a felow homo sapiens.

I have never seen an Iranian person who looks so much like the ancient Persians in my life 😅. Dude, if you braid your beards, you can become an Achaemenid Immortal soldier fighting against Alexander the Great's army. Good luck in battle you will need that ⚔

Here I am watching a man from the near east talk about the history of bagpipes. That's how you know that the RU-vid algorithm works correctly.

Celtic countries are defined by the language spoken, or spoken not so long ago. It's relatively easy to recognize a relationship between languages: the presence of a common vocabulary, similarities in syntax, the way verbs are conjugated... What's more, we have fairly ancient written sources of these languages or their ancestors. The kinship between modern Celtic languages is indisputable. The same cannot be said for music. If we want to establish kinship between different musical traditions on a purely musicological basis, putting ideologies and marketing aside, we need to: 1- Delineate a corpus of tunes reputed to be the most "authentic" in the various regions studied, taking care to avoid sherry-picking wherever possible. 2- Draw up a list of characteristics to be measured, on a statistical basis, such as: ambitus, mode, joint note progression or presence of fifth or octave jumps, presence or absence of polyphony... and apply it to the selected corpus. 3- See if this statistical study reveals any criteria representative of this type of music. 4- Compare the results obtained with those of neighbouring regions, which are assumed to belong to other traditions. As far as modern Celtic-speaking countries are concerned, the results are more or less as follows: - These musics are diatonic and modal, with a predilection for minor modes: mode of A natural (Aeolian), mode of D (Dorian). - They are monodic: they ignore harmony and polyphony, apart from the octave and the drone. - They separate a cappela singing and instrumental music, and therefore ignore accompanied singing. - ... and that's about it. - ... and these criteria also apply to a large extent to the surrounding regions, and even far beyond. In fact, if we extend the corpus to the surrounding regions, we find that Irish and Scottish music have more in common with traditional Scandinavian music than with Breton music, and that Breton music has more in common with the traditional music of north-western France, or even the Massif Central. These musics have features that can be considered archaic in comparison with Western art music (see the characteristics cited above), but these characteristics are not sufficient to define "Celtic" music on a purely musicological basis.

Virgin ignoring your mom vs Chad answering call from your mom during a video

I like how many of your explanation videos focus on modern perceptions of music by deconstructing them.

I just witness this few days ago. Arab Christians in the Middle East have a tradition of marching scout bands. In them they play different instruments, one of them are bagpipes. One of their most recent marches in Israel got recorded and posted online by an American Israeli tour guide. The most of the comments below the video were Americans asking themselves "why did Arabs co-op this Scottish instrument". I am from Serbia. In Serbia bagpipes are an ethnic instrument, like in most places in the Balkans. Therefore I was very perplexed. I was thinking to myself why do all these Americans think that bagpipes are exclusively Scottish instrument?

All of this is an example of how our modern conceptions of culture have been shaped by nationalist movements that are all fairly recent inventions and they have distorted our view of how distinct and fluid most cultural traditions actually are. We’ve been misled to believe that modern political borders reflect ancient and distinct cultural differences and divisions when they mostly do not.

Bruh, trying to clap the insect while speaking/swearing Persian speaks is legit me being Cypriot Greek.

we humans have mingled and shared culture for far longer then what is official and accepted!

Farya! Your channel is incredible. I’m a huge historical music nerd, particularly Western and Eastern European music, as well as Middle Eastern and Central Asian music. Spot on analysis of “Celtic music”. I remember learning that the jig, which is always considered “Celtic”, is actually something the Irish got from the Scots, who got it from Northern England, who in turn got it from continental folk dances in Europe. Seeing the cross-cultural and cross-linguistic geographic influence on music is incredible because it brings greater appreciation for a particular style of folk music from a culture, but can be seen in the wider context of the cultures surrounding and influencing that culture’s style as well. Your music is great! Keep up the good work. Hoping to hear more- I’ve been looking for good Italian, French, and Spanish music from the Renaissance period, as well as Scandinavian folk music.

Love how the call by mom still takes priority, that’s universal in culture lol. Often when I go to Greek festivals my American friends see a Greek bagpipe and ask why are we playing Irish music.

So if i understand this correctly, regarding the ancient world- Music is regional, not entirely based around races/ethno-langiages, and is affected by other cultures. It has a core, and diffuses outward, incorporating the music of its neighbor's.

I'm glad you brought up the example of Galicia. It saddens me that so many of our traditional music styles (including those played on the bagpipes) are often being overshadowed by the desire to pass-off imported Irish music as being the 'authentic' Galician Celtic music. Don't get me wrong I am perfectly happy that Irish-style music, which I really like, is now a part of modern Galician culture - but the ahistorical aspect of claiming that it is our original music annoys me. Likewise I am perfectly happy that other aspects of Irish culture - such as the festival of Sahmain - have been imported into Galicia - (as Samaín) but it upsets me when suddenly a festival that my grandparents and great grandparents (actually even my parents) had never heard of is presented as historically authentic Galician culture. The dishonesty of it bothers me. As a very proud Galician I don't regard myself as Celtic to be honest, and whilst I view our beautiful culture as being distinct I see it as part of the wider Iberian culture and by extension Latin speaking southern Europe, made distinct in part by the affects of living by the Atlantic. (After all the Romans created our identity by naming all the various peoples of the northwest 'Gallaeci', they gave us our language, they plugged us into the wider mediterranean world (well the Phoenicians had already done that to some extent) and later into the broader Catholic world which also shaped our culture).

Just left this comment on your Iranian music video but I'm Irish and I think it's way cooler that so many cultures have their own bag pipes than that they're uniquely ours. I always love learning about the different types and traditions

Music is the best way to travel through time and space and your demonstration is perfect to explain and explore this theory. Hello from Brittany (where I now live after working in Paris and living my first 18 years in Marseille ;)

Great video man. You should do more of these and I would love hear you talk more about Mazandaran anything with the history, music and language.

The use of bagpipes are common in Sicily and Southern Italy. Zamprogna in Calabria and Ciaramedda in Sicily where My family is from. When I explain to other Americans that they use bagpipes in their folk music they are perplexed and tell me that bagpipes are Scottish or Celtic. I then explain that bagpipes are originally from the Middle East and they are usually very surprised.

Sort of how bagpipes got to the Isles: Sumer -> Babylon -> Persia & Greece -> Rome -> Celts, Gauls & Britons (Rome was the big spreader of the pipes, but they didn't invent them, just introduced)

As a French person, this point about the Bretons is very interesting to me. Reminds me of when you talked about how Greece was encouraged to westernize its own music after obtaining its independence from the Ottomans.

I'm mostly Irish ethnically but my family has been in America for generations. Music is one of the ways I try to connect with my heritage, and I'm a little sad that most of what I've listened to is nowhere near what my ancestors would have listened to through most of history. I'd love to hear more accurate replicas of older Irish music, like what you showed in this video, but I imagine a lot of what we might have known has been lost to time.

Να σε χαιρεται η καλη σου Μητερα Φαρυα! May your good mother always be proud of you! مادر خوبت همیشه بهت افتخار کنه

Joonam wake up, new farya post

J'ai été surpris quand ma blonde m'a fait découvrir que la cornemuse fait partie du folklore Tunisien aussi. Il y a tout un style pop autour de l'instrument, le mezoued!

This video looks amazing, do you mind sharing what camera you were using? Thank you so much, and thank you so much for sharing your knowledge.

I think the phenomenon you're describing has more to do with the failure to understand the breadth of the Celts in general--certainly for most people I've spoken to, "Celtic" is used to mean Irish/Scottish/Gael (ie: surviving Celtic traditions), while the Galatians, Celtiberians, and Gauls are hardly known at all.

Sending love your way bro. "Can she excuse my wrongs" was an absolute banger. Sounded great in 2 10 inch subs.

I must tell you that automatic subtitles decided on 4:43 that you speak erotic language, and I agree: the knowledge culture is sexy in a way that excites both my mind and my body. I hope you will continue your angry enlightenment of people who had no idea they need an Iranian men speaking cleverly about the music for a very long time

You mention the origins of Scottish and Irish folk music Writing my Accordion Revolution book I was trying to figure out why Inuit accordion in the Canadian Arctic sounded like Irish and Scottish music. Answer, English and Scottish whalers. Wait, English? Stumbled on this Masters thesis by Celia Pendlebury about the upper-class origins of English, Irish, Scottish, and similar sounding (don’t tell!) and related folk music. It offered the idea of a kind of toolbox used to create a lot of instrumental dance music back in the 16-1800s. Her intriguing idea is that it didn’t start out as folk music, but really spread as written tunes often created by known and credited dance Masters going around training people in what we could imagine as Jane Austen‘s settings. Later fashion changed when waltzing became popular and all these dance masters had to find jobs so they taught these classes to lower class folks where they caught on. And that is how similar folk music became a global thing. Wrested from the halls of the rich and liberated for all. (That’s a positive populist take anyway) I posted about it here: Dance Tunes in Britain and Ireland: Where Did “Traditional” Begin? (Celia Pendlebury Thesis Review) accordionuprising.wordpress.com/2015/08/23/dance-tunes-in-britain-and-ireland-where-did-traditional-begin-celia-pendlebury-thesis-review/

Hey Farya, I really appreciate your discussions about the popular perceptions of the musical traditions of historical cultures. This definitely broadened my understanding and changed my perception. I really hope your content gets more attention. Keep doing what you do! P.S. Bagpipes were used in slavic cultures (not only with South slavic Gaida). They were called "Volynka". Interestingly this term can also apply to a hurdy-gurdy. I'm assuming because the sound is comparable.

I remember talking to a friend of Serbian descent and she said something about Serbian being related to Celtic. I, being of Scottish descent, was confused. But instead of going on a "well ackshually" rant I did some quick googling and research and was blown away to discover that historically the Celts territories extended like all the way to Turkey! My previous knowledge was Irish, Scottish, and France (thanks to Asterix and Obelix) before the Romans basically annihilated them from the European mainland.

The Irish bagpipe is distinguished by the fact that it's blown using an elbow operated bellows instead of the mouth (which is why they're called Uileann pipes, Uileann meaning elbow in Irish).

The Bible describes the ancient Assyrians using bagpipes to war

Hey farya faraji, I’ve been listening to your music for a while and it’s hit me that music and culture are two things that always go hand in hand. Whenever one culture merges and intermingles with another we always see the music from both those cultures merge as well. I like to believe an interesting example of this would possibly be some sort of merging of Greek and Indian music. During the reign of the Greco-bactrian and indo-Greek kingdoms, shortly after the conquests of Alexander in the Indus Valley region. And historically I know that Indian culture (especially Indian religion) merged with the settled Greek culture in the area. And so I like to think that if things such as religion from both cultures merged with each other, than it is possible to think there was also musical exchange with both cultures and likely some merging between the two. Food for thought I guess…

Celticness is such a mess, coopted by so many groups for various purpose, and extremely well-selling. In Swedish traditional music there are bagpipes and a heckton of fiddles too, yet it's clearly a Scandinavia land, not Celtic. Also I love to confuse people by telling them about the two most crazy bagpipes lands I know of : Italy and Bulgaria =D

Hello Faraj, I am from Iraq, and when I hear your music it is similar to our music in Basra and in Alqosh, the Chaldeans and Iraqi Gypsies, I love it very much.

I would also like to say, I agree with much of your points about regions and time periods. I also appreciate your research and perspective. Incidentally the English are Celts as well;) Cheers Josh

I didn't even need to understand what was being said with your mom. You start speaking with her and the vibe makes itself understood.

Your videos are absolute gems man. ❤

I'm a ~celtic~ musician and the biggest misconception I hear is the idea that Celtic music is historical. It is not. it's not even old. Lay folks and even some Trad musicians have a hard time with this fact. Modern "Trad" music across the Celtic diaspora has grown in the past century thanks in large part to the wildly successful Irish Trad revival movement of the late 50s and 60s. This movement was part of an Irish nationalist movement to promote Irish culture and the declining Irish language following centuries of English apartheid (for lack of a better term). This is where we get The Chieftains, The Clancy Brothers, and The Dubliners. These groups are not, and never claimed to be historical preservations or reconstructions of irish music. They were innovating in their own time. This was when the Irish Session/Seisiun was invented (impromptu playing of tunes in a group at a pub), when the now ubiquitous DADGAD guitar tuning was popularized (inspired by an Oud player from Morocco), and when decidedly new "irish" versions of the bouzouki and tenor banjo were absorbed into the Irish Trad family of instruments. If I can make one point to anyone that might read this, it is that the Celtic music of Ireland, Scotland, Brittany, and Galicia aren't artifacts - they are living, modern traditions. LOVE your videos and music!

Thank you! Much as I love the sound of bagpipes, I have always had a similar view. If I Were to choose an instrument to represent the Irish/Celtic I would have thought the lap harp would have had far more history and precedence than bagpipes. Bards did not spend their time making sacred... bagpipes. Thank you too, that insect was driving us all buggy. The song you have given in the Gallic Celt instrument family was Immensely Satisfying. Yes! This is exciting! This leaves me hopeful that you are inspired to create more and more in the styles all of this beautiful riot that was Celtic music. The history, anthropology and thought given to cultures woven in your compositions are gorgeous. The care is there in every song I have listened to and shared today thus far. I rarely take the time to comment on RU-vid, but you have fed me today on many unexpected levels. Thank you and I look forward to the next creation. You are creating music I have been longing for a very long time. Voice was the first instrument we were given, and that is where I started learning to love music... in giving it voice within a group as a child. You recall that wonder with an educated grace. Thank you

I love that photographic setup with that bokeh and the academic ductus of the speech. 👍 Great Videos!

Reminds me of that time when I was reading a satirical 17th century German picaresque novel and in the first chapter the then child protagonist describes playing the bagpipe (interestingly using a word that could literally translate to bagpipe rather than the modern German word for bagpipe) whilst hearding sheep, which inadvertedly ends up drawing the attention of a group of soldiers who would then go on to brutally pillage his home. And I do remember thinking "Oh, so they had bagpipes then and it obviously wasn't thought off as a foreign instrument".

In fact we (Iranians) have a bagpipe we call it (Ney anban) and iranian people in south of iran use it. the sound of iranian bagpipe is so close to the sound of Greek bagpipe but it's so diffrent !!

Excellent analysis, a real pleasure to hear you speak & articulate those thoughts! I for one would extremely keen to hear a reconstruction of a what could be Hallstatt music, coming from the knowledge of the instruments of the time. Your talent & intelligence might well make it sound truer than anything lying around in the musical sphere :°

It is believed that the Bagpipe is originally from Middle East and / or India which the Greeks brought in to Europe from the Persians after Alexanders conquest. Another idea is that the pipe entered the Mediterranean levante and Anatolian region far earlier than that and that the Myceneans already had the pipe from the Near East, Levante and Anatolia like 1-2 thousand BC. The Greeks later spread this instrument around in the Mediterranean and Europe, Britania Wales Ireland and Scotland are some of if not the countries in the world who have youngest historical connection with those pipes actually.

Les musiques et les chansons traversent les âges et les espaces en cassant les barrières religieux et ethniques ainsi que linguistiques . Les fondements de cette force et tout simplement ressentir les émotions et l'accomplissement de l'être humain. Merci, Tesekur ederim !

When he recited Khayyam, I felt that.

Farya looks like a Sasanian Shah

Legends fortell the camera still lost in the Canadian forest...

I often went in Bretagne for vacation and heard a lot about celtic stuff like music. I was like most of people before, thinking there was only one type of celtic music. It's very interesting video and i loved to learn more about a topic i often heard about ! By the way, what is the song at 4:52 ? I would love to listen to it's full version 😅

The ancestral practice relevant music amongst the Gaelic Celts would be Sean Nós singing and prayers, drone music of various types and harps different from the ones used today, and maybe the scales of Hebridean music.

Wow! I didn't actually realize that Iran had bagpipes! Mind blown. But then I think of the common sounds and think, of course, how did I not notice before??! Love your videos

I would love Farya to look into Scottish Gaelic metrical Psalm singing tradition, which always comes as a complete surprise to English speakers. It would fit so well into so much that he is facinated by. And no, it really doesn't fit into what we English speakers think of as "Celtic" music. eg: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-_belSyGmVFk.html

I can't be arsed to look it up right now, but I heard a musicologist say some archeologists had found bagpipes here in Finland under some church floorboards or something like that. And that it was the first evidence of bagpipes having been played here. I don't know which century they dated it to but I'd imagine 1700-1800 maybe?

What amazing culture you have! 👋🏼👋🏼👋🏼

Bro you filmed this in heaven?

Bagpipes în Turkey, în Greece, în Bulgaria. You forgot to mention Romania. It is called cimpoi.

poetry by Omar El Khayyam, I will be using this quote from now on 🤣🤣

As a Serb, I will *NEVER* forgive you for stating the obvious!!!

Me gusta cómo enseñas acerca de la música y la historia de lugares tan lejanos. Disfruto mucho escuchar y ver tu trabajo. Saludos desde Chile 🌾

you know, I think I heard that Celt comes from a greek word called keltica that they used to designate an area at the west of the map where there was nothing, so it was a sort of throwaway term to designate some unknown land at the west. The one word I hear come up again and again is Gaul, maybe that's a better name, and the way I tell gauls apart of other people is by their myths, you have the tutatis people and the woden people, not much but it's the best thing I could come up with.

And just like that, he was gone. The only evidence left behind was his camera Ooo, free camera

Hey Farya, do you think you could (or even want to) make a video comparing the different bagpipes from the world? I've tried finding a video like that on RU-vid but there is literally nothing out there. You'd be the person to probably have an educated take on these different, but similar, instruments. Maybe a bagpipe tierlist?

Excellent video! It's remarkable how carefully we have to examine claims of musical "ancestry", particularly in cases where cultural nationalism (like in Brittany) might motivate folks to make neat narratives that simply don't match up with actual history.

I laughed so hard at the khayyam part lol

The instruments of the Gaul, or rather those written about are few. There is, however, an instrument that they used during war. That being the Carnyx, maybe you could attempt to the brass some way.

That would be as crazy as saying that there’s an “Indo-European” music tradition

Found this video was very interesting but I think the primary issue comes from the different use of the world "Celtic" in mainstream and academia. The mainstream referring to it more in the cultural sense rather than using strict ethnic linguistics like in academia. By this I mean the mainstream isn't referring to the ethnic/language group of antiquity and nor are they trying to with the word Celtic. Instead they would more likely use terms such as "ancient (insert region here) music" or for those more into general history specfic subgroups like Gaulic, Iberian, Catalonian and etc. The only reason Scottish and Irish music gets the Celtic label today is because the Celtic peoples in these regions were never wholly crushed/assimilated by a foreign people while still being under threat of being such. This producing not only a clear linage but one that was granted an elevated importance due to it being under threat. This is apposed to Celtic peoples in Gaul, Iberia and Germania that were assimilated by the Latins and later Germanics. The idea of Celtic people in these regions only remerging for political reasons, whether in the 19th century to show your national identity dated back to antiquity (important at the time) or as a justification for otherwise unrelated separatist movements. Granting them less authority in the mainstream to define what Celtic is.

Very informative

What song are you playing around 5:00? And as always great video 😊

There's a lot of bagpipe music from Estonia that I absolutely love, I'm so glad to hear more about the history of them. It's so miserable that they've vanished from Finland after the medieval times.

I very much enjoy learning from all your videos, but I may not sleep tonight, as I keep worrying, "but did Farya ever call his mother back?"

The Pontic Kemençe, might have developed with LAZ influence. both are extremly overlook ethnicities. The laz have existed for so long the ancient egyptians send statues of their deities as an offer to worship the same gods. those statues are now in saint petersburg stolen during the ottoman-ruso war

Hi Farya, Great video and really like your channel! Also I was thinking in regards to a lot of peoples association of ''Celtic Music'' with Scotland and Ireland, could that association possibly also have some of its origins with the formation of the Scottish Highland regiment most well known for its presence during the Napoleonic wars which made heavy use of the bagpipes? Just a thought as before film and the internet the presence of such a military unit in different parts of Europe and India (or wherever they were sent for whatever reason) would have been the main source of exposure and could possibly be a reason for such a large association which then would have been absorbed my popular media as well? I know I'm leaning more heavily on the Scottish association here but in regards specifically to bagpipes the general association has usually been towards Scotland in my experience. Would love to know your thoughts 🙏 All the best, George

🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷🌷very very very nice Video ❤ god love u ❤ my bro 🌷🌷🌷🌷

Bagpipes were used in Dinaric alps, probably before Celts came to Ireland.... This is without the bag, just the pipe: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-Mt7IEA3Zcm4.html This is with bagpipes: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-AGXFi9X9mIE.html And this is with the dancers and singers: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-RmYl7si7qxQ.html

2:17 holy shit i was looking at the comments and thought a fly was buzzing next to my ear

Huh, good thing someone found the camera, edited and uploaded this video after he walked off and poofed out of existance 🤔

I Heard Bretons adopted the scottish bagpipe after ww1 where most of men - local instruments players had died. That way they rejoin the scottish bagpipe culture

I think Queen Victoria has a lot to do with the association.

2:36 pretty easy sentence to say for a person that wants to learn Persian tbh, though it is insult.

What is the name of ossetian song please ?

Who else is up for doing a crowdfund for Farya's historically reproduced Celtic _carnyx,_ so that he can include it in his _Brennus Epic?_

As an Irish person, who I guess doesn’t have too much of interest in real traditional folk (we call traditional). The older I got the more I realised the elements I were thought were distinct to Irish music were only distinct in that it differentiated it from classical music. Now I find much folk music internationally to have elements that relate to each other. To me Irish music sounds a lot like Western European folk music. With the exception of that horrible polka influenced market music you hear in some countries (Germany/ Netherlands). Partly I guess because this music, is not really ‘traditional’ in a strict sense. It has been mixed with homophonic traditions and uses modern instruments cause of their volume and fullness (e.g guitar and bass).

Great vid!!

13:11 goes to take a reaaaally long piss in this part XD

I think that the tight association of the bagpipes with the Scots in modern times has to do with their use by the Highland regiments. The historical story is that when the Highlanders were deployed in Mainland Europe in the 1700s, they terrified the opposing troops. This pretty much continued until the mechanization of war in the 20th century. Now we have the Tatoos and various Scottish festivals around the world which perpetuate the association.

The Celtic & German people's did not have a written language until after the fall of Rome, by that time they had abandoned the old ways. Sure we can find ancient musical instruments but recapturing that culture is pretty much impossible. Many Celtic peoples abandoned their old religion and culture to replace it with another. For example, many Germania tribes gladly accepted a Roman way of life rather than the lifestyle they had lived before.

درود بر شما

The Irish pipes are called Uilleann Pipes or Píoba Uilleann in Irish. The difference with Irish Pipes is they are operated by use of an underarm bellows rather than by breath. Both Ireland and Scotland have their own languages of course.

I just recently stumbled onto your very illuminating and enlightening channel here, and this video about the difficulty of defining Celtic music just appeared on my recommended list. Fascinating stuff. I find myself wondering what musicologists think about the ongoing fusions occurring between Punjabi and Scottish/Irish traditional music, as found in vids like these: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-X0z67CFm6Bs.html ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-WCS-JDhsYvE.html

Armenian, Georgian, Romanian, south of France, and Albanian too.. the Basque alboka has two reeds but no bag, unlike their neighbours