Bank NPA #1: Twin Balance sheet Problem (TBS)- Three Stages [Economic Survey Chapter 4] 

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- Although we learned about the NPA- Twin balance sheet problem in last year's lecture series (BES161) but since the new economic survey and budget have mentioned the same topics, and UPSC has not yet asked substantial number of MCQs from here, so we've to recap.
- As of 31 December 2015, the total non-performing asset of scheduled commercial banks in India have stood at 9.6 lakh crores. Majority of this NPA is concentrated among the public sector banks (PSBs).
- Economic survey notes that the level of NPA in Indian economy, is among the highest in the BRICS nations!
- This NPA problem has created stress in the balance sheets of both the corporate and public sector banks, hence a new term was coined "twin balance sheet problem".
- CEA Arvind Subramanian has outlined three stages in which this cancer has spread in the Indian economy 1) before the sub-prime crisis, there was a surge in borrowing 2) after the global financial crisis, there was a fall in demand 3) ultimately, corporates had debt servicing problems to a point where their revenue was insufficient even to pay for the interest.
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- Although, India's case is unique because despite such high level of India, our economy has not collapsed, or come to a standstill, unlike those advanced economies after the sub-prime crisis, or those East Asian tigers after the crisis of 1997.
- Survey projects two scenarios of the NPA/TBS problem: 1) phoenix 2) containment.
- Because of this problem, banks have become reluctant in their lending operation especially the micro and small enterprises.
- The decline in the profitability, has also led to fall in the share prices of public sector banks, some of them even selling below their face value.
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