Battle Of Salher | स्वराज्याच्या सर्वात मोठ्या लढाईचा इतिहास | शिवबुद्धी | Omkar Gujar 

Battle Of Salher | स्वराज्याच्या सर्वात मोठ्या लढाईचा इतिहास | शिवबुद्धी | Omkar Gujar
The Battle of Salher was a battle fought between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire in February 1672 CE. The battle was fought near the fort of Salher in the Nashik district. The result was a decisive victory for the Maratha Empire. This battle is considered particularly significant as it is the first pitched battle in which the Mughal Empire lost to the Marathas.
Sardar Moropant Pingle and along with his army of 15,000 captured the Mughal forts Aundha, Patta, Trimbak and attacked Salher and Mulher in January 1671.This led Aurangzeb to send two of his generals Ikhlas Khan and Bahlol Khan along with 12,000 horsemen to reclaim Salher. In October 1671, the Mughals laid siege on Salher. In return Chhatrapati ShivajiRaje Maharaj commanded his two commanders Sardar Moropant Pingle and Sardar Prataprao Gujar reclaim the fort.
50,000 Mughals had besieged the fort for more than 6 months. ShivajiRaje knew the strategic importance of Salher as it was the main fort on important trade routes. Dilerkhan had also attacked Pune in the meanwhile and ShivajiRaje could not save Pune because his main armies were away. ShivajiRaje devised a plan to divert Dilerkhan by forcing him reach Salher. He ordered Moropant who was in South Konkan and Prataprao who was raiding near Aurangabad to meet and attack Mughals at Salher to relieve the fort. In his letter to his commanders ShivajiRaje had written ‘Go to the north and attack Salher and defeat the enemy’. Both the Maratha forces met near the village of Vani, they bypassed the Mughal camp at Nashik and reached near Salher. The total Maratha strength was of 40,000(20,000 infantry + 20,000 cavalry). The terrain was not suitable for cavalry battle hence the Maratha commanders decided to lure, split and finish the Mughal forces at different places. As per the plan Prataprao Gujar stormed the Mughals with 5,000 cavalry and killed many unprepared soldiers. After half an hour the Mughals became fully ready and Prataprao started to flee with his army. The entire Mughal cavalry of 25,000 started chasing the Marathas. Prataprao lured mughal cavalry in a pass 25 km away from Salher where the 15,000 cavalry under Anandrao Makaji was hiding. Prataprao turned his back in the pass and attacked the Mughals once again. The 15,000 fresh cavalry under Anandrao blocked the other end of the pass and Mughals were surrounded from all sides. The fresh Maratha cavalry soundly defeated the tired Mughal cavalry in 2-3 hours. Thousands of Mughals fled the Battle.
Moropant later surrounded and attacked the 25,000 strong Mughal infantry at Salher with his 20,000 infantry. Prominent maratha sardar and ShivajiRaje’s childhood friend Suryaji Kakde was killed by a Zamburak cannon in the battle.
The battle lasted for an entire day and it is estimated that around 10,000 men were killed on both the sides. The Mughal military machines (consisting of cavalry, infantry, and artillery) were outmatched by the light cavalry of the Marathas. The imperial Mughal armies were completely routed and the Marathas gave them a crushing defeat. 6,000 horses, an equal number of camels, 125 elephants, and an entire Mughal train were captured by the victorious Maratha Army. Other than this, a large amount of goods, treasures, gold, jewels, clothes, and carpets were seized by the Marathas.
The Sabhasad Bakhar describes the battle as follows “As the fighting began, such a (cloud of) dust arose that for a space of a three-kilometer square, friend and foe could not be distinguished. Elephants were killed. Ten thousand men on the two sides became corpses. The horses, camels, elephants (killed) were beyond counting. A flood of blood streamed (in the battlefield). The blood formed a muddy pool and in it (people) began to sink, so (deep) was the mud.”
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➤संदर्भ - १ ) सरनोबत प्रतापराव गुजर - महेश तेंडुलकर
२) Shivaji And His Times , Sir Jadunath Sarkar
३) कृष्णाजी अनंत सभासद विरचित शिवछत्रपतींचे चरित्र , संपादकः र . वि हेरवाडकर
४) जेधे शकावली , शिवचरित्रप्रदीप
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