Beginner Electronics - 14 - Circuit Design, Build, and Measuring! 

**DISCLAIMER - READ BEFORE WATCHING** I am an electronics hobbyist; I do not have a degree in electrical engineering. This series MAY NOT teach all of the appropriate safety required for general electronics work. Any advice taken from this series should be checked with multiple sources, and a professional should be addressed to ensure proper safety. As a general precaution that was not pressed in this video in particular: power should be DISCONNECTED when working with electronics components. This is a major safety concern.

NEW HOBBYISTS: DO NOT MAKE CIRCUIT CHANGES WHILE POWER IS CONNECTED TO THE BREADBOARD. I understand it’s rather late for making comments but I’ll add mine anyway. It’s been more than 45 years since I dabbled with circuits in high school. What jumped out at me was that you were grabbing components (the LED lead) while power was applied to the circuit. Yes these are extremely low currents but I think for safety reasons , New people should be taught safety practices so it is ingrained in them. Thanks

Me: did I learn more than what I learned in my college :o

It's a shame these videos are getting hit by some shady ads for that greg blog thing that costs like $40.

why registor is connected after led .

Hello there, Im 40 years old and found a new hobby thanks to you.!. Great videos buddy, thanks is there any more videos on this subject.?

I don't understand putting the resistor on the backside of the LED. How does that limit the current to the LED?

*Summary:* - before physically building your circuit, design it (using schematics) - once built, you can measure voltage and current (as well as some other stuff like temperature) at various spots of your circuit - terminology: the little leads off a multimeter are called probes. There is a red one and a black one. - the multimeter has a bunch of ports. You plug the probes in the ports. - the black probe should always be plugged in the "com" port - what port the red probe should be plugged in depends on what you are trying to measure - if you are measuring voltage, plug it in the voltage port - if you are measuring amps, plug it in the amp port - let's talk more about measuring voltage - as electricity flows through a component in the circuit (e.g. electricity flowing through the LED component), some voltage is lost, we call this a voltage drop - in other words, the component "uses" some of the available voltage of the circuit - to measure how much voltage a component uses ("voltage drop across the component"), simply place the probes around the component - let's talk more about measuring current - to measure current, you actually have to make the multimeter part of the circuit - so make a gap in the circuit and put the multimeter in it - note: multimeters have a maximum amount of current that can should through them (see your multimeter manual) or they will be damamged - note: multimeters often have multiple ports for current, start with the port that supports the largest amount of current, and if the current read is smaller than what your smaller port supports, now you can use the smaller port - the smaller port offers more accurate reading for small currents Thanks so much for these videos! They are very fun and I'm learning/reinforcing a ton!

This playlist is fantastic. I have bought my own kit and I am trying out some of these experiments and I am getting successful results. Please post more of these.

Very informative. This covered everything I learned in a basic electronics class in college.

You explain everything very clearly and effectively. I am thoroughly enjoying your episodes!

Question about the schematic: Is there a standard for where the resistor should be in relation to the device/led or does it matter? Ex: Should resistor be on positive stream or negative stream

More, please! You're an awesome tutor! Thank you for all the effort you've put into these videos!

Question: Does the order of the LED and resistor matter in order to protect the LED from "frying"? These videos are great by the way. Thank you.

Awesome info! I'm learning a ton, thanks! Especially cool points about improvising in electronics and showing how the DPDT switch actually works on a real switch - very cool! Also great stuff about using a multimeter and how to measure volts & amps.

So far you have done a superb job of instructing and reinforcing the information. I am really enjoying the information and learning from your series.

In previous schematic diagram ,I saw resistor is connected on anode of LED ,here I can see it is connected to cathode of LED .Does it make any difference?

Doea it mattter if u put the resistor after or before the LED?

The multimeter shown can measure microamp. the µ sign is for micro, which is much smaller than milli.

Where did you get your 9v battery converters with the solid ends? Mine are a bunch of little one’s that I have to keep twisting together and it’s annoying.

can I ask what are those terminals are called you attached to the bottom of your switch. I was trying to find them and I got ones that are too big to fit in my breadboard?

Measure Voltage "across" a component. Measure Current "through" a component (circuit).

love this.it's just what i was hoping to find. thank you. I was wondering why the resistor is placed after the l.e.d? for some reason it seem like it would be placed before. Again,, thank you for doing a fantastic job.

in 1:34 the resistor is after the led,i think the resistor should be before the led so it can protect the led?

Yo idk if you use ur yt anymore but brother ur videos are amazing, ur clear and concise when speaking and I learned more from ur videos in a night than 8 weeks of school

Hey, thanks for these videos! I have a question about measuring current. I noticed you touched the probes to the leads. Would it be okay to touch the probes to spots on the bread breadboard instead of would that be less accurate?

Very well explanation sir I am a beginner and your videos helps me to understand how a circuit work you gave very good and easy explanation thankyou so much

The resister doesn't need to be in between the power source and led?

Hey man, this are amazing videos! Can't believe the quality is this high back in 2015! Quick question for you...on your diagram, is it backwards? I'm messing around with Arduino's and all the schematics show the Power going to resister and then LED... Your diagram is showing Power to LED to Resister. Do you have it backwards?

I paused here wondering why the resistor is placed after the LED and chat gpt told me it's generally recommended to connect the resistor before the LED (but then chat gpt messed up and said "To summarize, in a simple circuit with an LED and a resistor, it is generally recommended to connect the resistor in series with the LED, with the LED positioned between the resistor and the positive terminal of the power source." THEN i asked chat gpt if he's tripping and he said "yes i am, Apologies for the confusion. You are correct, and I apologize for the incorrect summary in my previous response. In a simple circuit with an LED and a resistor, the correct placement of the components is as follows:" So now i'm even more confused :)

Hi, I have been following along with these videos, but is it possible for you to explain how I put the switch into the breadboard? I see you have wire on yours, but you did not explain how you added them and I do not want to try something and mess up.

Does a resistor dissipate energy (as heat?) or does the power source just not give as much energy?

Great video and great teaching. Thank you Sir.

I might have missed where he mentioned that the probes of a multimeter measure the *voltage* *difference* on either sides(poles?). That way I can understand that resistor is taking up about 5.4 volts. So the battery is 8.8 volts - 5.4 = 3.1 volts needed for that LED not to be harmed.

I am 11 years old and understand everything thanks to you bro.

You wrote the value of the power source and the resistor on the schematic, so why didn't you write the value of the LED as well (i.e. 3.2V)?

I don't really understand why resistors work while being on any side of the LED. I have watched a few other youtube videos, but none of them have given me a satisfactory explanation. Can you tell why? Also, does this stays the same if we are operating on an AC circuit?

Do u know where I could get that exact multimeter?

I only had one question. In previous videos, you had the resistor « before » the led to « remove » the extra voltage… in this example you put it « after » and since ( one thing you haven’t mentioned, or maybe you did and I forgot) a diode is unidirectional… wouldn’t it cause the diode to burn out due to the current flow of the voltage? Just trying to get my head around it. Thx… your info in general is great.

I know it is a low-voltage application, but if I have a circuit where an LED comes first, followed by an resistor and then a switch, like in your video, will the LED's lifespan not be reduced if the switch is toggled on and off every second? Wouldn't the LED receive a surge of 9 volts instead of its safe 3 volts each time the switch is activated, before the circuit stabilizes thanks to the resistor, potentially causing faster wear and tear to the LED, compared to a setup where the resistor is placed between the switch and the LED and the LED comes last in the circuit?"

@ramki695 3 minutes ago I need help in building a frequency generator that generates a freq in the range of 300 to 600 hz. Can someone help me with circuit diagram etc.

had to go back to the amps and currents video lol

Thanks for opening my eyes, this show's so helpful and easy to understand.

I connected same thing but with no switch as i have one in the power module, I measured the v in the led and found it 2.84 but in the resistor is 2.05v, can you please explain why this difference between our readings, i am using 330ohms resistor

hi guys, the best success that i've ever had was by following the Gregs Electro Blog (just google it) definately the most helpful course that I've tried.

There are several factors in studying electronics. One resource I discovered that succeeds in merging these is the Gregs Electro Blog (google it if you're interested) definately the most helpful course that I've heard of. look at this super website.

You keep putting the resistor on different sides of the circuit, and it's throwing me off.... Does it not matter if it's on the Pos or Neg side?

Noob question - Would i be correct in saying that the jumper cable and the resister could swap positions, without affecting the behavior of the circuit?

Looking to join Discord servers with fellow electronics enthusiasts so exchange ideas and knowledge. I’m a noob 👍

How it can be DPDT? Is this plastic where between the two wires is unconducive and they don't connect each other? I think it must be SPDT.

Hello Can you help me with building something?Please respond if you are interested. Thanks

When you say "make sure you don't have any shorts", could you give us an example of what that would be?

What site would you recommend to purchase electronics components, e.g. resistors, capacitors, switches, etc.?

I have spent months studying circuits and discovered an awesome resource at Gregs Electro Blog (check it out on google)

hey codenmore, first I just want to say I really appreciate you and the vids you make. ive watched all videos up to this point and so far only have had one question how can you tell which end of a resistor to read first using the chart from your website?

good explanation that for current measuring, the meter is a wire ! Thanks a lot.

Doesn't the resistor have to go between the Power source and the controlled component? The diagram showed it on the ground side.

great stuff, I can't wait for more videos on the subject.

The episode when i started ordering parts for my own circuit.

I have a question! If you had 2 30 Ohm resistors would both of them together make a 60 Ohm resistance?

Why does the resistor need to be before the switch? Why does the order matter?

Please I'm asking question concerning the LED. what's the main purpose of this LED is it indicator or it have series of purpose and if yes please list them

Thank You!

hmmm, well the weird thing is that you started out with (as u mentioned) the pretty much same schematic, yet IN REVERSE components order...have you forgot to mention to some beginners that the actual flow of electrons goes from the NEGATIVE terminal to the POSITIVE ?! Because right now, in this vid, it makes much more sense, since it is based on the negative terminal...right? Alos, great vids ^^ Cheers!

couldnt you have just disconnected the white wire and jused the probes in place of the wires?

As to how u have converted SPDT switch into SPST, not clear, how all six legs of switch been joined, even you have not shown lifting up the switch & showing the terminals joined. Plz do explain for ease. Always keep before schematic diagram & breadboards & shown first on schematic & then install the same component on breadboard. It will be more beneficial & easy to understand & comply your instructions in true spirit.

Hi buddy! Nice video very informative content! Hey I have a doubt? If I need to make a circuit where power source is 12v and 10amps and a load of 12v with 6amps with two fans of 12v 0.18A and 12v 0.08A. Can you tell me if there is a need for other components like resistor and capacitor or anything else to complete the circuit? I am a layman so please share your thoughts.?

Thank you for this and all your other videos. To measure current, couldn't you have plugged the probes into the breadboard? (Red to the positive power bus, black to the row with the longer leg of the LED?) Or is there a reason for just touching then rather than plugging them in?

Fun fact: You can do the same thing with a button (if you don't have a switch).

Hi! I really love your videos and have been watching them all day. I have question, Back in one of your beginning videos you mentioned that dc current like the battery only flows in one direction. In using the 9v battery, does it flow from the negative or positive side? also does the sequence matter that it flows through the various components? If it flows at about 9v from the battery then hits the resistor and brings it down to about 3 does it remain at 3 for the rest of the circuit?

i know this is extremly old but why did u put the wire on the middle pole i just want understanding

hi everyone ,if anyone else trying to find out understanding electronics basics try Elumpa Circuits Expert Alchemist (do a google search ) ? Ive heard some pretty good things about it and my cousin got cool success with it.

It would be better & easy to understand if you draw schematic diagram of single pole single throw switch, you should also show the actual switch, repeating its' function, similarly all the switches should also be shown subsequently. I appreciate & thank you for such a clear & understandable way of presentation.

I was thrown into the field at my job on day one without any idea what i was doing or why. following this it very quickly answering the why lol. thanks. I got up to this video today, plan on starting again tomorrow. Going to return to work Monday with a lot more know how in what I am doing, i appreciate you making these videos. i'll be sure to pass on to co workers with the same problems. makes me and im sure a lot of other people wonder how places can hire people and just think they will pick it up as they go without any mistakes. But i have no problem working overtime fixing the mistakes i made cause they didnt teach me right lmao. Anyways i got to the point where i decided to learn from someone the basics first lol. thank you

You stated that the resister uses up current. Does it consume power like the LED or does it just restrict current? If it consumes power is it creating heat then?

does the order matter? or we place the resistor before the switch and then the LED?

does a spst switch make only one connection if it does is it activated when i turn the switch on?

One day i tried to measure voltage of an AC current with multimeter , once connected, a blast sound and red light appear inside multimeter and my multimeter stopped working... hehe so stupid i am.

here you placed the resistor after the Led but in schema 12 it was before the Led

would a resistor come before LED on the schematic? since it's direct circuit, power come straight to LED and would need resistant control the flow of electron, right?

i just notice the mA port is the same as the voltage slot for my multimeter, is it safe?

can anybody tell me that what resistor do I know it control the flow of current but why we limit the current to light up led e.t.c why we do not decrease the voltage for it and why we use tranformers does it work same as resistor does I mean if we can turn on something just by decreasing current then why we use tranformers to drop voltages . . . I need answer thanks in advance

For anyone confused, topmost row is negative rail and the row under it is the positive rail. The breadboard circuit made absolutely no sense to me until i realized this.

I am currently going to UEI and I thank you for explaining this way better then my instructor, so gonna pass my class now.

Good and simple

I see only 3 pins, did I miss the other 3 pins for DPDT in the video?

What direction would you say current flows, if we are going to use the 'water analogy'. Postive to negative or negative to positive ??

Can you improvise with a button instead of a switch?

Does resistors place matter? If it is on the positive or negative side?

In the earlier video you connected the resistor first to the positive lead of the LED and battery then the negative leg of the LED to the negative terminal of the battery but in this video you are connecting the LED positive leg directly into the positive power rail... The negative to the center of the bread board which puts the resistor on the negative side of the circuit. Can you explain that one to me it seems the opposite of what you did earlier

In this case. Does it mather what order you conect the "swich, LED, and Restistans" ? or can this work in any order? Lets say, the resistance first. then the switch, then the LED?

Thank you for your lesson.But I have question why are we put resistor in negative side

do not that resistor and switch should be on the + side of the battery?

Can you please make new video about how to measure in slow way and more explaining all the details for calculations and how we got these readings. Thanks in advance

Thanks! Guessing u are an electrical engineer. Amp value was equal to the milliamp value i assume

Great vids but a little short in my opinion, you could have combined them into two or three.

what multimeter do u have can we have a link???? plz answer somebody

Youre explanations are very clear and easy to follow. Thanks!

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thanks man love u brother thx to u i learnt a lot been searching for a good teacher in electronics for years