Binary Counter 

Ha ha nice!

Glad you found it helpful, thanks for watching!

You are talking about a generative pre-trained transformer? Right now those run on digital logic which actually makes them very limited, (as in not ever going to be alive). We are going to be building off a much better framework, the human mind. We will start on breadboards but billions of neurons on breadboards is probably not a great idea.

@@GlobalScienceNetwork I was actually kidding but yeah analogic artificial mind sounds cool. I'm looking forward to see what you will create

@@valovanonym I figured and yeah it will be cool to see what WE create. Eventually, I will need lots of help.

Thank you! Yeah, it will be fun to see it all come together!

Cool, that is a good channel as well!

Ha ha nice!

Thanks for the positive feedback! I will be adding more videos so we shall see what happens.

Ha ha nice! I wanted to post it on reddit but the admin did not let me. So I just posted it as an ad. Thanks for watching!

Great, thanks for watching!

I might make a video showing this at some point. If you are interested in learning the method now you can look into a full subtractor. For the XOR and AND configuration, you can add two inverters to the full adder to make a full subtractor. The best way to make it so you can add and subtract is by inverting all the B inputs. So you have a 4-bit input A + inverted inputs B = A-B. This is the two's complement method.

@@GlobalScienceNetwork thanks

Interesting but I am not quite sure what you are saying.

Thanks for watching!

Ha ha yeah I like building the hardware though! If you build hardware properly you actually should not need any coding.

Thank you!

Yeah, that is a good point. I was mostly saying that a pulse-triggered master-slave style data or JK flip flop is more robust than an edge-triggered circuit on a breadboard. Because just a little bit of noise when bumping the circuit can make it trigger. I am going to post a video about flip-flops tomorrow. I am not sure but the data flip-flops in an FPGA might be master-slave style data flip-flops which are very similar to the master-slave JK flip fop.

@@GlobalScienceNetwork it's impossible to have J-K Flip Flops in FPGA, a CLB is made out of a D type Flip Flop, even if you describe a J-K in Verilog or VHDL what it will end up being is a _physical_ D type behaving like a J-K.

@@deltakid0 Interesting, I do plan to look into FPGA design more to see how the logic gates get reconfigured. Maybe a similar method can be used to change how neurons are wired. Do you know if the data flip flips are pulse triggered or edge-triggered?

@@GlobalScienceNetwork by Pulse-Triggered I think you mean _Level-Triggered_ device such as a Latch, otherwise is an _Edge-Triggered_ device such as a Flip Flop (the former being dreaded by FPGA developers because of its asynchronous nature). By the way, I liked your Binary Counter using only off the shelf transistors, that's an excellent idea to show kids and beginners the very basics of computing (and then show them a 74hc163 for comparison).

@@deltakid0 Thanks for the reply. Yeah, I read pulse triggered a few places and thought that was strange terminology as well. I understand what you are saying about an FPGA not wanting to be level-triggered. One book I am reading suggested using level trigger data latches for the registers and I am trying to decide how I want to build them for demonstration purposes.

Well this is the tutorial. I included the circuit diagrams in the video as well. Just pause it if want to see the diagrams. If you are unsure how to build logic gates and flip flops, I have other detailed videos about these topics. If you did not watch those this may seem complicated. It is all built on basic circuits though.

Hi! Yeah, it is best if you can get a nice square wave with even on-off periods. My guess as to why your circuit is behaving this way is because the two capacitors have different values or you have resistors with different values. It is hard to say without seeing your circuit. You can always build the circuit the exact way it is in the video. You can look at the circuit and use the circuit diagram for the values. It is possible you have a bad transistor/transistor in backward or a short in your breadboard. When it doubt just try and build the circuit again with new components as this is a small circuit. Once you get it working make one capacitor half the other and you can see the on-times will be asymetric(This would just be for fun). If you send the output to an ossicope you will be able to see the exact on-off times. Let me know if you have other questions. Right now it is mostly me responding. We will get other socials/forms going soon.

Thank you for your quick response!

​​@@GlobalScienceNetworkHello once again! I've got a problem with my transistors. It seems like bc547 don't work well with this project. I also have some of 337s but can you suggest me the type of transistors you use? Another thing is that when I apply 5V through Arduino the circuit with 2 or more data latches causes the diodes' light to be very dim and almost unnoticeable.. But if I use 9V battery they light quite brightly. I'm wondering whether you use 5V or higher.

@@tallmatch5866 The bc547 should work but the base emitter-collector configuration is the opposite of the transistors I used which were the 2N2222 and 2N3904. So you have to place them in the reverse orientation I show. This just means flip the transistors if you did not already realize that. I just used a 5V power supply. If the light is dimming then something is wrong.

​@@GlobalScienceNetwork Many thanks!

Well I build a calculator using full adders in a different video. We also used counters to build a full computer in a differnt video. The actual operation of this counter is division which could be added to the ALU of a computer.

Thanks for watching!

The idea was to build circuits without ICs to learn the fundamentals of circuit design. If you watch the latest video I built a 4-bit computer using discrete components/not ICs.

You are saying that is how to turn the binary counter into an LED monitor?

Not sure what you mean?

I was trying to present the info in a more engaging way so I could compare the video analytics. The percent view duration of this video is higher than most of my videos. Even so, I will focus on presenting the info in a clear simple way.

​@@GlobalScienceNetworkeverything is cool, do what you enjoy doing. The quality of your explanations is outstanding; so, you earned yourself a card blanch, a big one.

@@tallmatch5866 ha ha thank you!