• Stage-1: Initial attachment. this stage starts with the attachment of free-floating cells to a solid surface. At first cells might attach the surface by weak Vander wall forces. These forces are physical forces between atom and molecules and there is no chemical interaction present. Using these forces bacteria make their initial attachment to the solid surface. • Stage-2 is Irreversible attachment. In this stage if the initial attachment process is successful bacteria use cell adhesion structures to attach tightly to the surface. The most important cell surface structure is pilli. Pilli are the hair-like structure found on the surface of many bacteria. Another property of bacterial cells that helps in this attachment is hydrophobicity. Hydrophobicity is the property of a molecule that quantifies how much a molecule is repelled by the water. Most of the time biofilms are formed in moist environments so hydrophobicity helps the cells to get repelled by the water environment and forced to remain close to the solid surface. • Stage-3 is the Initial maturation of biofilm. Here cell communication or quorum sensing plays a very important role. At this stage microbial cells secrete small chemical signal molecules that are also detected by the same microbial cells. The amount of these molecules determines the number of microbial cells present in the surrounding. When the amount of this molecule reaches up to a threshold concentration this molecule induces activation of the cells and then cells switch the expression of various new proteins. This process helps in the formation and spread of microbial biofilm. • Stage-4 is the Final Maturation: At this stage bacterial cells start producing a very high amount of exopolysaccharide material in their surrounding. This helps the cells to make the huge tower-like structure of the bacterial biofilm. • Stage-5 is the dispersion or detachment. At this stage the cells detach themselves from bacterial biofilms to look for new areas for the formation of new biofilms. If the cells keep themselves the same place the population will grow and the nutrient will be depleted leading to the death of biofilm.
You are welcome! There are many components that are present: 1) extracellular polysaccharide 2) extracellular protein 3) extracellular DNA 4) quorum-sensing signal molecules 5) secondary metabolites. In addition, there can be some excretory products of bacterial cells as well as the components of dead cells. I hope that answers your question. Feel free to watch other videos and ask your questions related to those videos too. Thanks !
Bacteria protect themselves by forming biofilms, considering it like us we make cities where we are close together and all the resources are available to us. Same bacteria make these tiny cities and live in close approximation. The biofilm keep the antibiotics away and protect bacteria from immune system. I hope my ans was helpful! Thank you for your interesting question 🙏
How would you kill the biofilm forming in the ear? My child has it in both ears. Caused by having to go on a heavy dose of amoxicillin. We've tried essential oils and supplements as well as changing diet. Doesn't seem to be getting any better. :(
Very good question! However bacteria also form biofim in high water flowing condition by slowly but strongly sticking to the surface. They have surface molecules and secretary material to help with the attachment in high water flowing conditions.
This is an interesting question. Are you asking for eradicating dysbiosis using biofilms? Here I am explaining bacterial biofim which is is kind of hard to eradicate. Long term antibiotics may help. Antibiotics selection would depend upon the type of bacteria/organism
@@BasicScienceSeries abx won’t eradicate as they don’t kill all fungi and bacteria they lower and some are dormant and hide in cell membrane eg biofilm / iodine and microdacyn are only things that kill all fungi Yeasts parasites and bacteria thus then needing to repopulate with fmt fecal microbiota transplant ion from a healthy donor stool that’s functional and has no overgrowth etc and works synergistically even ALS has shown promise with WFMT and other conditions such as autism are thought to be origin of dysbiosis gut make up
As mentioned previously the discussion was focused on bacterial biofilms. Complex biofim certainly required combinational therapy or broad spectrum antimicrobials. I hope it was helpful thanks.
@@BasicScienceSeries example of specific combinational therapy is very vague …what sort of abx and antifungal or anti microbial sin theory it’s not for practical use
