Understand how Neils Bohr refined the Rutherford atomic model in explaining the movement of electrons around the nucleus
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Bohr model, description of the structure of atoms, especially that of hydrogen, proposed (1913) by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr. The Bohr model of the atom, a radical departure from earlier, classical descriptions, was the first that incorporated quantum theory and was the predecessor of wholly quantum-mechanical models. The Bohr model and all of its successors describe the properties of atomic electrons in terms of a set of allowed (possible) values. Atoms absorb or emit radiation only when the electrons abruptly jump between allowed, or stationary, states. Direct experimental evidence for the existence of such discrete states was obtained (1914) by the German-born physicists James Franck and Gustav Hertz.
Bohr atomic model of a nitrogen atom
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Immediately before 1913, an atom was thought of as consisting of a tiny positively charged heavy core, called a nucleus, surrounded by light, planetary negative electrons revolving in circular orbits of arbitrary radii.
Physics, according to Britannica, takes as its focus “the structure of matter and the interactions between the fundamental constituents of the observable universe.” Test how much you know about matter and more with this quiz.
Bohr model of the atomEncyclopædia Britannica,
Bohr amended that view of the motion of the planetary electrons to bring the model in line with the regular patterns (spectral series) of light emitted by real hydrogen atoms. By limiting the orbiting electrons to a series of circular orbits having discrete radii, Bohr could account for the series of discrete wavelengths in the emission spectrum of hydrogen. Light, he proposed, radiated from hydrogen atoms only when an electron made a transition from an outer orbit to one closer to the nucleus. The energy lost by the electron in the abrupt transition is precisely the same as the energy of the quantum of emitted light.
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mesic atom, atom in which one electron is replaced by a negative muon or a negative pion (pi meson). The muon or pion, after being slowed down in matter, is captured in a high atomic orbit and cascades down, ejecting electrons by the Auger effect or radiating visible light or X-ray photons, to an orbit with a radius less than 1/200 that of the corresponding electron orbit. From studies of mesic atoms, scientists have learned much about nuclear size, distribution of electric charge within nuclei, and the mass of pions.
atomic physics, the scientific study of the structure of the atom, its energy states, and its interactions with other particles and with electric and magnetic fields. Atomic physics has proved to be a spectacularly successful application of quantum mechanics, which is one of the cornerstones of modern physics.
J.J. Thomson Robert Jemison Van de Graaff Karl Taylor Compton Robert H. DickeRelated Topics: atom physics atomic theory.
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15 авг 2022
