Brief Political History of Guyana 

It’s really amazing to see how so many countries have so many similarities. Great video, my step father is from Guyana by way of India, I myself am full Puerto Rican, we no longer talk for whatever reasons but I will say. He is a very intelligent man full of wisdom, incredibly hard worker and I will never forget him or his family, he did so much for me and I still remember all the wise words he would tell me. Some I didn’t understand so much as a kid but now as a man I see it all so clear now. His family were amazing and kind to me and my family. My mother still enjoys the cuisine and even learned how to cook some. Much love to Guyana!

The story of Guyana breaks my heart. To hear of the mistreatment of people who built up the country, all those years ago, is gut wrenching. The games that countries like Britain and the U.S. play in making sure Guyana never fully reaches it's potential are monsterous; the corruption of Guyanese politicians who choose personal power and wealth over national power and wealth is so typical in this world. Now Guyana has discovered oil, and all the western countries, including Canada, will sink their claws into it. The Guyanese people will be the last to benefit from the discovery. I've never been to Guyana, but my parents were born and raised there. When you look aournd the world and you see so many black/brown skinned nations suffering, and white skinned nations prospering, you don't have to be a rocket scientist to figure out why.

you missed: Arthur Raymond Chung (10 January 1918 - 23 June 2008) was the 1st President of Guyana from 1970 to 1980.

Thank you for this video or your interesting choice of words. My grandmother is from Guyana but she never talked about it.

fantastic video!

thank you for the video,

Excellent narration of history, add in 1962and 1964 riots and wismar.

Beautiful i love this program

Beautiful synopsis of my dear country

Amazing history. Thanks

This is an Informative and comprehensive history of Guyana. Let's continue to pray her safety.

excellent excellent content right here

Excellent!

Thank you sir, very educational.

Great 👍 video 📹

Thank you again Professor for these nice, consise and to the point videos. I love learning about South America, The Caribbean and Central America. The Early modern period for those regions is especially fascinating.

maybe a video of the history of a specific commodity? The history of Sugar, Coffee, or Bananas in Latin America? Love these videos so much.

Interesting video

awesome video

Exelente relato felisitaciones

What a fascinating ethnic history of a country.

I'm from Essequbo Coast Guyana 🇬🇾

Was worth listening to. I did not know there were 3 anti- Portuguese riot. Oh, dear.

He didn't mention Arthur Chung

people who speak now have to know and understand what these colonies plans and did even now they take so much advantage

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The present president is the best

We know who the first inhabitants of Guyana are. We still live in Guyana. The aboriginal copper coloured people that you brainwashed into a box believing that we all came from Africa. Being silent isn't being dumb

Could you please tell me how you make the animations for your videos? Thank you.

Nothing but the truth....very comprehensive. However, an important fact that wasn't mentioned : Wismar, 1964- a massacre that can be thought of as ethnic cleansing against Indo Guyanese!

Sir u didn't mention in 1964 17 march .Geneva agreement.

Guyana u beauty ❤

This story , for some reason, is missing some key facts that explain why the Guayana Esequiba belongs to Venezuela and not to Guyana. You can’t erase history that way . Be honest !

This sound morenlike it could kick start a conflict

Venezuela was born from 5 provinces established as the general captaincy of Venezuela in 1777, after the independence it was integrated to the great Colombia from which it separated in September 1830 keeping until that moment the 5 provinces that conformed the old general captaincy of Venezuela, these included the Esequibo; What is currently known as the Guyanas (English, French and Surinam) was originally a territory occupied by Dutch settlers east of the Esequibo River where Fort Kykoveral was established in 1616, administered by Holland. This limit established the border between Spain and the Kingdom of Holland, but in 1814 Holland ceded a piece of Guyana to the British in the Anglo-Dutch treaty, The British, taking advantage of the situation of Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador that were in full wars of independence, began to take possession of territory west of the Esequibo River, for which Simon Bolivar himself made the first claim indicating that they should return to the east of the border river, which is duly documented in the communications sent to them: "...The Venezuelan Minister in London, Dr. José Rafael Revenga, by instructions of the Liberator Simón Bolívar, presented the official complaint to the British authorities in the following terms: "The settlers of Demerara and Berbice have usurped a large portion of land that according to the last treaties between Spain and the Netherlands belongs to us on the side of the Essequibo River. It is absolutely indispensable - the Venezuelan diplomat concludes - that said colonists either place themselves under the jurisdiction and obedience of our laws, or withdraw to their former possessions". Two years later, José Manuel Hurtado was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to the United Kingdom, replacing Dr. Revenga, with the special mission of obtaining British recognition...". With the death of Bolivar and the internal wars of Venezuela the kingdom of England since 1831 began a silent advance usurping lands west of the Esequibo River, but from 1835, they hired the British geographer and explorer Robert Hermann Schomburgk to draw the boundary lines, here it gets worse Mr. Schomburgk was creating plans with different borders each taking more territory of Venezuela to the point that he came to take in his maps what is now the state of Bolivar of Venezuela and Delta Amacuro state, almost half of Venezuela. Schomburgk was creating plans with different borders each one taking more territory of Venezuela to the point that he came to take in his maps what today is the Bolivar state of Venezuela and the Delta Amacuro state, almost half of Venezuela which obviously generated a protest to the kingdom of England, the military superiority of England led Venezuela to seek support for its claim and in 1899 USA intervened under the Monroe doctrine forcing England to an international arbitration, However, in this arbitration the Venezuelans were not allowed to participate and a jury was formed with 2 American lawyers ("representing Venezuela"), 2 British judges and 1 Russian judge, as expected and in a record time of only 6 days, the British and the other 3 judges voted in favor of England and signed the famous Paris award of 1899 where the entire territory of the Essequibo was taken away from Venezuela with the stroke of a pen. Severo Mallet-Prevost (Zacatecas, October 8, 1860-New York, December 10, 1948) was an American lawyer, engineer and jurisconsult who was part of Venezuela's defense in the Paris Arbitration Award during the dispute over Guayana Esequiba. After the death of Severo Mallet Prevost, his legal representative Otto Schöenrich made public in 1949, by express disposition of Prevost, a document written by Mallet Prevost himself in 1944, in which he considers that the Arbitral Award was a political compromise, the work of pressure against justice, a backroom compromise by which "three judges who had the majority disposed of the territory of Venezuela, because the two British judges were not acting as judges, but as men of the government, as lawyers". The document would confirm that Fedor Martens deliberately did not act as an impartial judge, was not guided by the principles of law and technical analysis of the evidence and even, according to the document, persuaded one of the parties to accept a proposal for a solution to the dispute that he himself had prepared, far from the same rules contained in the Arbitration Treaty of 1897 and the principles governing the law. This finding would expose a compromise that took place with respect to the decision of the Paris Arbitral Tribunal. The document would serve Venezuela as one of several elements to make a formal denunciation of the award before the world in 1962. In 1962 Venezuela for the first time officially claimed as its own at the United Nations the territory located west of the Essequibo River, alleging defects of nullity and what is known in international law as acts contrary to good faith on the part of the British government, in addition to an alleged compromise by some of the members of the Paris Award. This claim before the UN led to the Geneva agreement, which is the legal basis for the current Venezuelan claim. The Geneva Agreement was signed between Venezuela and the United Kingdom (on behalf of its then British Guiana colony) in Geneva (Switzerland) on February 17, 1966. It is a transitory agreement to reach a definitive solution to the boundary dispute, many define it as "an agreement to reach an agreement" and although in the Venezuelan interpretation it invalidates the 1899 arbitration award, the status quo derived from it is maintained. Therefore, the area under claim is under the authority of the government of Guyana until something different is resolved in accordance with the treaty. The first article of the document recognizes Venezuela's contention that the decision of the tribunal that defined its border with British Guiana is null and void. By signing the document, the United Kingdom acknowledges Venezuela's claim and disagreement, thus agreeing to find a practical, peaceful and satisfactory solution for the parties. When Great Britain decided to grant independence to British Guiana, within the Commonwealth, on May 26, 1966, denominating itself as Guyana, this would be a State Party, as established in Article 7 of the Geneva Agreement. Therefore, Guyana ratified the Geneva Agreement on the same day of its independence, thus recognizing the Venezuelan claim over the territory on the western margin of the Essequibo River. This agreement being the basis that determines a disputed territory obliges Guyana not to give concessions to foreigners, but Guyana violated this tacit agreement placing Venezuela in a position of defending its rights over the territory, now President Irfaan of Guyana cannot play the victim when it was he who received money from foreign companies for his personal benefit and led Guyana to make a serious mistake by violating the Geneva agreement; the international community cannot force Venezuelans to stand idly by while Guyana and foreign companies literally abuse a territory yet to be determined; Venezuelans have the right to take concrete actions to defend our sovereignty and rights in the archipelago. Latin America is witness to the excesses and abuses of England; for example, the Falklands and the Caribbean islands are a sample of the arbitrary way in which the British power even using pirates was stealing territory in the Caribbean, the island states that today make up the CARICOM were born from the theft and pillage of pirates financed by England. Most of the conflicts of the modern world were inherited from the criminal actions of England, used to invade and steal territories from other countries, the conflicts in Arab countries, the conflict between Palestine and Israel, the conflict between China and Hong Kong, the racial conflict in South Africa, the confrontation between Pakistan and India, the internal conflicts in India, the conflicts within the former British colonies in Africa, including Sierra Leone, even the United States fought the English to expel them from North America. Venezuela is a country of peace, but if Guyana continues to deny the right we have over the Essequibo we are ready to take up arms and defend our territorial heritage and the sovereignty of our nation even if the USA and Brazil intervene. ( With permission of an author)

this is a wicked world with people who had th e power to use and dictatorship who use their own desires and position to take advantage in other lands of which they divide up the leaders of these countries and countries and allows race etc to be fighting between themselves and never can develop their countries we

.my county is not for sale to anyone are any of county I like to make that clear and let the world know that we might be a small population but don't forget what we have done in the past to defend our nation and please don't take for granted just remember ONE LOVE 💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕💕

BUNHAM A WAN KAKA BATI MAAN

Burnham wonderful president

BRING BACK MASS GAMES

The drawing hand is so distracting.

Why did the PPP use the German flag?

Indian was the first to built school and university by Cheddi J .

So what about jagdeo

Great history lesson but Please pronounce the name of the country correctly. It’s pronounced Guy- ana and the population, Guy-anese. You keep saying Geeana and Geeanese.

WHEN PNANCY LET OFFICE GUYANA WAS ONE OF THE MOST HIGHLY INDEBTED COUNTRY IN THE WORLD

Those thieves came

Guyana is the only caribbean country That is 100 years behind technologies and civilisation

In every sample of history, slavery and it's exploitation features as the cornerstone of prosperity for all these so-called developed nations. Sadly, 'innocent' descendants of the slave masters(or so they claim) hardly read history, or if they do, cannot see a lining correlation between what occurred then that had bequeathed power and wealth to them. Today, they preach democracy as though the sense it espouses was absent when they're milking slave-origin nations dry. But there's a time coming when every coloured individual would be incensed enough to take his/her pound of flesh - the way they deem fit, just so the scales can begin to balance. There's so much expansion of knowledge currently in a spectrum undefined. Soon, the world would find out, and find out very late.

WHA APPEN TO FEED;CLOTHES AND HOUSE THE NATION BY 1976

I wonder if forbes burnham was related to Idi Amin, Uganda?!

You miss the part where half the indians move to Ny and open roti shop and rumshop and have a whole section name after them Little Guiana

And how is that possible? When there's two party come together as 1 the out come should had been much higher than ever. Region 4 shoulda had call for a vote over only region 4, or call it off the next election. until they get it right, and that it.

We're having they France Guyana the Surinam Guyana and Guyana.

The only fact that I caught my attention....hundreds of ......in the uprising .....not true ..

WHA APPEN TO SANATA TEXTILE FACTORY

Unfortunately, Afro-Guyanese they were able to left with the British, and some of them immigrated to America and Canada

As i watch this 3 times i now know them copy the trinidad and tobago sign

WHA APPEN TO THE GLASS FACTORY

BRING BACK DE LINES FUH RICE, FLOUR, SUGAR, OIL,KERO ETC

The Guyanese govertment occupaid the Southwest ( Tiger Triangel ) off Surinam since 1969 . The Surinam govertment must send military to take the peace off land back . It is Surinam territory and send the Guyanese People to there own territory

Guyana economy on the rise but the majority of the people still live in poverty

WHA APPEN TO THE LEATHER FACTORY

WHA APPEN TO THE TATA BUSES

Gosh, no mention of a certain American cult church settlement that ended with big loss of life in 1978. Mainly because of little or no context here. Scant mention of Guyana's only woman leader, Janet Jagan.

WHA APPEN TO THE BICYCLE FACTORY

WHA APPEN TO THE TRAIN LINE

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Burnham fell by the power of his own throat to bully people by speeches.

We Indians should put PPP back to power in Guyana. If need be send troops there like we did in Srilanka and Bangladesh.

BRING BACK BUDGET JUS LIKE CARL GREENIGE

WHA APPEN TO GUYANA AIRWAYS

BRING BACK HOYTE ERP PROGRAM

Burn 🔥 ham is in hell or reincarnated as a snake 🐍

WHA APPEN TO ALL DE CO-OP SHOPS

WHA APPEN TO THE GINNERY AT KIMBIA

BRING BACK DEMBA

WHA APPEN TO LINMINE

Can you ’ppl cant say Guyana not Guiana

Don’t tell European took the rice seeds from iced Europe and thought the Indians and Chinese how to farm rice

WHA APPEN TO GUYANA STORES

35 thkusands yrs ago the native migrated to guyana but yet tgeir pooulation was limited to the extent that they had to go to africa for slaves.make it make sense..

Esequibo territory belongs to Venezuela.

Where's suriname's history?

WELL ALI DE PRESIDENT SHOULD RUN THE COUNTRY JUS LIKE BUNHAM

That isn't the map of Guyana... 😮

WHA APPEN TO BERMINE

All lies u live in Guyana to know any real boost in economy rich man a get rich and poor getting poorer

BUNHAM WAS A DUTTY KAKA BATI MAAN

This clown 🤡 was doing adequately well with his recount of Guyana's history until the last 2 minutes when he started to inject the PPPs talking points. Come to Guyana and speak to anyone of the elders if you want a true unbiased account of Guyana then and now

P h

Esequibo belongs to Venezuela 🇻🇪

WRONG MAP!! 😠

BRING BACK KIM UL JUNG

Burnham was the best President.....

Mr Irfan Ali- 1 question- why is Hindu population declining in Guyana. Is it due to repression like in pakistan, bangladesh, trinidad and fiji. Modiji and Jaishankarji what can be done. Is it just in name that we are the 5th largest economy and leader of global south - while Indians work for petrol sheikh in Gulf and lousy americans in the IT sector for peanuts.

WOKE PRONUNCIATION

😂SO VENEZUELAS CLAIMS ARE VALID.