Sorry Adam, I disagree with your assessment of the 1986-1988 Riviera/Toronado/Eldorado/Seville. I've always thought they were incredibly ungainly and disproportionate. Their chopped off, truncated rear ends don't fit with the rest of the design, their greenhouses are too large, and their wheels too small. Where the design really goes wrong for me is the last 1/3, basically from the B pillar back. Its funny how later in that model run (1989), GM added 11" in length (to the trunk area) to try to fix the proportions, and make the vehicles look better. And if GM actually believed a "younger, more affluent buyer" would really cross shop one of these with a BMW or Mercedes, they were kidding themselves, and the sales results were glaring proof of how badly the cars were received by the market. I loved the previous generation of these cars (I even liked the bustle back Seville!), but couldn't stand this generation.
I was a Buick car salesman in 1987. You are right customers resisted front wheel drive and the downsize was not popular. It was a great car though. Drove great and was very comfortable. The 3.8 was an excellent engine. In the 1990s my friend bought a used 89 Toronado and it was amazing. The 87 Buick Le Sabre 2 door was cooler and cost less.
I always liked those LeSabre 2-doors, especially the '88 Limited with the Ultra-like padded vinyl top, and the lower ribbon moulding. It really was a much more substantial car than the Riv, until the revised '89 came out.
I was a sophomore in high school in 87 when I pulled my 68 LeSabre up on a Buick dealership to see what I knew was a rare Regal GNX. I just wanted to ogle at it a second, especially since this was a time when we weren't carrying cameras around everywhere. A salesman came out to talk to me and knew nothing about the GNX but everything about the LeSabres on the lot which he tried to sell me on. He didn't seem to realize I was just a high school student who'd been handed down my car and wasn't interested in a new FWD, even if it was "even faster and more efficient". I remember having a "bless your heart" attitude the whole time he talked to me. LOL! Looking back I understand his motivation and logic though, and they obviously were great cars. Still, given the choice of having that 68 or an 87 today? Even to drive everyday? Give me back my 68! I'd appreciate it a heck of a lot more than I did as a teenager.
These cars looked nice. But the downsizing went too far. But most of all, you’re correct in that they also looked like the cheaper cars. I think that was the main drawback. I remember thinking that this car looked like an upscale version Skylark/Somerset. It was a totally different vibe than the previous Riviera.
I had a '87 Riviera...loved that car! I had it in the same 2 tone brown as in the video with the wire wheel covers. I worked in I.T. so I loved the centre touch screen :-) I had the car for 7 years. Only problem I had with it was the power antenna motor quit working and the auto levelling gave out in the last year.
I owned an '86 Riv. What a fantastic road car! Black cherry metallic. I drove between msp and DesMoines and got 30 mpg. It finally succumbed to a bad timing gear. AM/FM stereo. How unique! I did a lot of work to repair options that didn't work properly. Got everything working except twilight sentenal. I would buy another if Buick would build them again. Not holding my breath. Those days are long gone. So much for GM making cars people want!!
My Dad had the same car in the same color with the cabriolet roof and the gold package. He sold it to a high school buddy of mine for $1000 in the late 1990's with 220,000 miles on it.
I believe it was because it wasn't much different looking than the Somerset or any of the N body cars of the time. When you pay the kind of money for an upscale model you expect it to look different than the models that were lower in price.
The 1979-1985 Riviera was one of the best-looking cars GM ever turned out. To me it’s actually better looking than the Eldorado, its upmarket stablemate.
Agreed. As a kid I had an uncle with a dark metallic blue, dark blue velour interior 85 Riv. It was an absolutely beautiful car in pristine condition it sat in the garage and was mostly driven only every few Sundays. It never saw rain or snow. I was able to get a ride in it a few times, it was so smooth and quiet with that soft, cushy interior it was like riding in cloud. I love all the Riviers even this downsized version is very sharp.
@@marcodarko6941 My '79 actually rode a bit hard, but the 1979-81 had a torsion bar suspension. They changed it to coils in 1982, and improved the ride quality.
I was 28yo in '85 and when I saw "sneak spy shots" of the upcoming '86 Riviera - I was not impressed to say the least! I literally went to my local Buick dealer THAT NIGHT and traded my '78 Buick LeSabre Sport Coupe turbo V6 (great car) for one of the last three new '85 Rivieras (burgundy/burgundy with burgundy velour) they had left and was so glad I did when I finally saw a new '86 Riviera in person and thought it looked like a Somerset "Brougham!" That Rivera turned out to be one of the best cars I've ever owned and I always got "looks" when driving it. Now I'm 66yo and drive a Toyota Tundra - go figure!!
The 1985 Riviera is still a very beautiful car to me. i would still drive one to this day. Back in the day my Mom had a 1987 Cadillac Sedan Deville. My Dad bought it at a car auction for maybe $2000 in I think 93/94. It had I believe 80,000 miles when we got it. Even though it had the much maligned 4100 HT my Mom ended up putting close to 250,000 miles on it before she got something else. Because of that I’ll always have a soft spot for mid to late 80’s GM cars because that Cadillac and a Buick Park Avenue were the only 2 cars we had growing up. Both were incredibly reliable and served us well
You need to do a video on the 3800 engine. that damn thing was almost bulletproof. Dad had a Buick park avenue and ran over 350,000 miles, still didn't use oil, the body fell apart, creaked like an old wagon but still ran good. He just didn't feel safe in it anymore
No it wasn't. It had hydraulic lifters actuated by rods lol not to mention that it was a pushrod dinosaur. Speaking of dinosaurs English Massey Ferguson tractors were bulletproof and lasted forever but they were dinosaurs. Let me educate you on a bulletproof engine Mercedes diesel OM616 and 617
@@anthonynicholich9654 Yawn....perhaps those M-B diesels were bulletproof but they couldn't get out of their own way, even the turbo models were gutless pigs. The fact that you point out the 3800 was pushrod engine is not relevant. It was one of the best domestic engines ever built.
I loved these Riviera’s!!! The touch screen was something I wanted sooooo bad. I actually like the shape. As a poor college student, in electrical engineering, I couldn’t afford one.
No one I knew considered them keeper cars like we did with 60s and 70s cars at the time. No one is \ was keeping them put up in barns and other places. So it seems to me anyway.
I remember the price of gas dropping overnight due to the oil glut. It caused a financial collapse and many bank failures in Texas. Of course the federal government always bails out oil people, then let’s them price gouge when the price goes back up-which it always does.
I've been on here before, i worked prepping these for delivery when they were new. An interesting time to be doing this sort of work, fall of 1982 up to about 1989. There was also the Riviera TType in this time, although it wasn't the turbocharged 3.8 like the Regal, it was still a cool car. The convertible E body was gone but your could get this with a factory sunroof. I do remember that GM made the older E body back about 1985 that had a version of the CRT screen in it that they just used to get salesmen used to it so they could sell it properly, i thought i read they all got crushed, they made a few of them. I remember the overall thought of the CRT operation was like the helicopter "Blue Thunder" from the movie of the same name. Very high tech and sophisticated in it's day. I remember having to show different operations to the more elderly Buick salesmen. I believe the CRT was omitted from the car after 2-3 years. It was also in the early Reatta, which would be another Buick that would be a good topic for one of your excellent videos.
10 месяцев назад
I was working at a Linclon dealership during those same years, and got to PDI some of the trade-ins we got. Great cars.
@@chrisgreen67 There were about 100 1985 Rivieras with the GCC in them, there is a motorweek review of one on RU-vid, I don't think any were sold to the public though, they were just test cars
The 1985 Rivieras with the touch-screens must have been very rare: I have never seen one in that earlier generation, and even ardent Buick fans often don't know about them. They must have been offered to the public, not being purely experimental, because they are on the long list of options in the 1985 Buick sales brochure--but not pictured in the brochure or given any emphasis.
@@j.sayler6330 Sometimes things are listed in the brochure but never offered as options. I have a 1990 Chevrolet brochure with the Berreta convertible in it
In 1967, most mornings our dad drove us to school in our 1966 Mercury Commuter station wagon. Upon arrival one morning, we pulled up behind my friend, Rick who's dad had just bought a new 67 Riviera. It was gold. It was magnificent! I was 12.To me, it looked something like a big Corvette. Had you shown me the future and what a 1987 Riviera would look like, I would have been profoundly disappointed.
in the mid 70's we had a Silver 67' Riviera for a family car and dad had a Silver Corvette for driving to work. I always thought the Vette looked like a mini Riviera. lol
All the GM cars from the mid 60s to early 70s were beautiful with sweeping lines and style that is long gone. I believe these were from the era of Bill Mitchell running the design department. I was a teenager at that time and I would see the new cars and hope I could own one in the future. Sadly, today there isn't a car offered from any manufacturer, foreign or domestic, that I desire to buy even though I could afford to buy one. I am in the auto repair business and I buy my cars from my customers before they trade them in. I drive whatever is the best deal and I upgrade when another deal comes along.
This was one of my favorite cars as a kid back when I saw it at an auto show in 1987. I was absolutely amazed by the futuristic GCC interface. My dad told me in 30 years we will all be driving cars with computers and touchscreens. Amazing just how accurate his prediction was.
We saw the final car when we went through Buick engineering in Flint in June of 1983. It was a photo that one of the chief engineers pulled out of his desk, proudly displayed it to us and then returned to his desk drawer. As he turned and was putting the photo away, mom and I looked at each other, both frowning, little did we know those frowns would foreshadow sales 3 years later. That was such a cool private tour, we sat in what would be the 85 Park Avenue, and the twin turbo Riviera Pace Car. As soon as we walked in all the engineers started flipping off their monitors.
I'm going to look at a '79 Seville 5.7 diesel tmrw, same owner last 30+ years.. I cant wait! It'll be my 3rd Olds diesel! I have several other diesels... CLATTER CLATTER!!!
This vehicle in my opinion was a GM flash of brilliance. Just look at how the center console sides are carpeted and extend all the way in to the front dash tunnel. This vehicle has aged well and is an example of what GM was capable of. Yes maybe it wasnt an Acura Legend coupe but I think it makes a pretty successful and unapologetic argument for what it was.
Sometime I hope you do some concept cars. My fave was the Lincoln Mark VIII on the Tbird/Jag S chassis. A convertible with an eggcrate grille! Chef's kiss!
The 1986 Riviera should have never been released. They should have sent it back before launch like the mid cycle lengthened Toronado for a stretch job. That would have given time to fix the tons of electrical gremlins. The first 1986 ones just drove customers nuts with walk homes from bad MAS sensors and defective ECMs and wiring. This car invented techs learning what a pin pull test was on terminals.
As is typical of GM (and most other makers) they didn't go far enough. They tried to be so middle-of-the-road that they ended up alienating most potential customers. Had they kept the super-futuristic concept designs, they would have captured a big market of young people looking for something that wasn't grandpa's car. Instead they toned it down to look more like grandpa's car, so they lost the young people, but it wasn't enough like grandpa's car to sell one to grandpa. The concepts looked super cool. And while the end result is certainly not a bad looking car, it did kind of look like everything else GM was selling at the time.
Largely agree here. Also, if memory serves, these cars were pretty expensive given that there was really no solid demand compared to the vehicles they replaced. I remember back then that a common complaint was "why should I be paying more for less of a car". It seems to be a trend at GM to try to create the illusion of demand by commanding a premium, only to end up discounting the vehicles later when the market rejects them, rather than maybe taking a bit of loss and getting early buy-in by consumers and then exposure to the rest of the public that would justify raising prices later on a successful model. The other thing about these models is they had totally redesigned powertrains, sharing almost nothing with the previous generation. GM got a lot of that right - eventually once they got the kinks worked out, but I recall a lot of issues with these vehicles in the first few years, especially the transaxles not living up to expectations and just general unfamiliarity with the new platforms by mechanics. Being stranded in a new car you paid a lot for and didn't really like all that much in the first place is a great way to alienate your customers for life.
I remember seeing that stage of shitty American cars where they shrunk the passenger compartments without optimizing the space. Big hood, big plush seats and no legroom.
According to the Merriam-Webster page on the word, it was spelled as gage or gauge with roughly equal frequency since the 15th century. The spelling with the U began to be preferred in the late 19th century, but gage without the U is still an officially recognized albeit less common spelling today. So I don't think we can blame.or credit GM for that one. 🙂
The car it was replacing was a work of Art. Sadly this new model was a unappealing GM lookalike of several other cheap models, Grand am olds cutlass supreme which was far from being Supreme.
I owned an 88 Reatta which I liked. The dang Teves braking system kept breaking though so I sold it. I now own an 88 Eldorado with low miles and a V8 engine. Love the car!
I think many 80s GM cars have excellent under hood appearance. Like you said, attention was paid to how clean things looked, but they didn't just hide everything under a big plastic cover. You can still see the parts of the engine, and they're presented in an orderly fashion.
The 1986 Riviera and its' sibling the Cadillac Eldorado suffered a sales crash with this UGLY new Riviera compared to previous model year. It looks like a cheap economy car with a cheap grille added to try to pass it off as a luxury car. It was not a performance car, did not have the size and spaciousness of it's predecessor, did not have any particular attribute, NOTHING to objectively classify it as a luxury car, and consumers at the time saw right through GM's attempt at this con job. This Riviera was UGLY and ridiculous then, since, now and will always be a failure
Great presentation on what was a bridge too far for the Riviera. In retrospect, yes - this is an interesting vehicle that showed the way for the industry in terms of electronics and many design features. It just wasn't a Riviera as people had come to know and love them. The fact that it was delayed a year and came after the N bodied Somerset/Skylark was really the final nail in the coffin. I saw and drove the car just before long lead press previews in July of 1985 and thought, "Uh oh". Bill Porter, who was lead designer on the car told me that they added about 6" of width to it at the 11th hour in the design process to give it more presence to try to setting apart from the N car, to little avail. The high-end personal luxury car buyer of the day was looking for unique design and indulged in the Harley Earl/Bill Mitchell school of "longer, lower, wider". This car was shorter, taller and smaller and priced a few grand MORE in the bargain. Between cheap gasoline and all of the above it was a ticket for disaster. Larger and more stylish Thunderbirds and Lincoln Marks from Ford didn't help.
You mentioned not recalling Buick ever using a three-spoke steering wheel with thin horizontal spokes and a very thick center spoke. I recalled my '68 LeSabre had such a thin/thick design.
1st thing that steering wheel reminded me of was the late 80's /early 90's base option Chevrolet wheel that came in S10s, Blazers, Cavaliers, Base Camaros. Looks like the same core just not as fancy as this buick one.
@@rafaelfiallo4123 he doesn't have anything to correct himself about. He said he was not aware of any other Buick that had a steering wheel like that. He didn't say no other Buick had such a steering wheel.
I have driven my 1985 Toronado just over 100 miles in five years. I just replaced the headliner and am working on the front and rear bumper fillers. It now has just over 68,500 miles.
Maybe it's an age thing - and taste IS subjective - but I both grimaced and chuckled to hear you describe this model as "handsome." Words like tragic, creepy, and downfall are what come to mind for me (for it and its siblings) - especially with Riv heritage. While I've come to appreciate much of the 2nd gen downsized GM stuff - which I hated at the time - these later designs were a travesty and a joke. Such awkward proportions. But - as usual - you make watching and learning thoroughly enjoyable.
Well, it is kind of cool car, especially inside. But, being an old fart, I have no use for that idiotic touch screen control as well, even today. Who the heck thinks it is a good idea to pull your eyes off the road, and readjust your eyes so you can see some stupid screen. Conventional controls can be manipulated by feel. The thing that gets me is that in most cases these silly screens do no more than conventional controls, just offer more confusion and distractions.
80s & 90s GMs have a some strange quirks....I had a 91 Grand Am that I really loved, my only complaint was the steering column was not centered on the driver seat....the steering wheel was offset towards the middle of the car......its like drafting department forgot the tape measure that day and guessed at the placement 😅🤣😅
I remember riding with a neighbor in his Toronado in the early 90s. That was years before I myself became a GM customer, and I didn't expect to like the Toronado. But I did. Best looking car of this group IMHO.
Aesthetically I always liked these cars, but I could pretty easily see customers going to the much more familiar (meaning, way less weird) Cougar of the same year and getting most of the styling, a little bigger car, and traditional RWD. In 1986 the Riviera would have been a tough sell and I don't remember seeing many of them compared to Cougars. I could easily believe the Cougar was less expensive too. Oddly, that seems to continue on into the next generation of both models too. '89 Riviera vs. '89 Cougar was a blink-and-you-miss-it difference in traffic, IMO, other than the Cougar being moderately bigger. All are great looking cars, but pragmatically I would have gone with the Fords vs. the Buicks during this period. The Fox and MN12 platforms were wildly popular for Ford, so, I wouldn't have been alone in that decision.
Adam, I continue to be amazed at the breadth and objective application of your knowledge of this period of the automotive industry (technical, design, sales, marketing, user experience). Your’s is the RU-vid channel where I always jump when a new posting occurs. Thank you.
Very true except for the Toronado which was restyled for 1990 and looked great but still continued to sell poorly compared to the Riviera and Eldorado leading to it's being discontinued for 1992.
My grampa traded off his 78' LeSabre on an 87' Delta 88 with this 3.8litre. He loved it. He thought it was a hotrod compared to his old LeSabre. 12.5 mpg though? according to the Graphic Control Cemtre. That's only half the mpg of the C.A.F.E of 27. They must have paid fines to Uncle Sam that year. I always thought these little cars were quite good looking too. I had a girlfriend in 91' who drove a Somerset. Adam's vids always bring back memories.
I saw that too. It could be it was being idled a lot for show and city driven. That will plummet the mpg quickly. I can sit at a drive thru in my car and watch the avg mpg slowly notch down if waiting for anywhere more than 2 minutes. It also reminds me of a video SaabKyle did of a beautiful black Lincoln Town Car where the avg mpg's read somewhere around 8 mpg when they usually avg somewhere around 18-24 (my Crown Vic got 24).
I clearly remember as a tween standing in my grandparents driveway watching my uncle's new 86 Eldorado backing out. I could only think WTF? Amongst my mom's 78 Park Ave, my Nana's 79 DeVille, Gramps 65 Bonneville & Great Grandmother's 65 Fleetwood that Eldo looked frumpy and cheap; lacking any kind of presence I thought a Cadillac should have. Fast forward a couple years later and Dad buys mom a slightly used 86 Riviera. That eventually led to my immediate family eventually owning a Seville, Reattta, Eldorado, and another Riviera all from this first Hamtramck generation (Reattta it's own assembly). It took a Saturday wax job for me to realize the subtlety and excellence of the design. It's subtle, but once you see it you appreciate it. These cars were really neat little packages that had a ride and handling much superior to any of their predecessors. The gas mileage was fantastic from what we were used to. Mom actually enjoyed driving them unlike her previous'70s b&c bodies . On the rare occasion I see these on the road today they're actually quite striking and handsome. Maybe they were just too ahead of their time.
Those cars weren’t unattractive but were catastrophically insufficient in terms of size, presence and proportions. It looked like a crappy little Grand Am type economy box. Just park it beside your 67 riviera! And the extended overhang replacement model was even more awkward looking with overhangs that just made the runty wheelbase look even shorter.
It’s sad that these looked like slightly larger versions of the N platform cars (Pontiac Grand Am, Oldsmobile Calais, Buick Somerset), because these were well engineered and assembly was above par for American cars of the time. I never liked the proportions, though. To my eyes I found the area between the rear wheel opening and the C-pillar to appear awkward; I wanted there to be more visual mass in that area. As it was it looked fragile, like the rear third of the car could break at that point. Perhaps if the rear backlight was angled as more of a fastback it would’ve looked better to me.
Glad that GM was trying to save money by deliberately misspelling words in official documents…rather than scrimping on its vehicles…OK…kidding, but it’s wild that the brass thought that saving ink would add up significant savings. The Riv is attractive & the Toro body & hidden headlights were just as cool. Very interesting video-again.
Too cheap to SPELL WORDS CORRECTLY??!! On a display that the owner/driver looks at constantly? GM truly deserved every last bit of marketplace misery it brought on itself!
I just looked at internet pictures of a 1987 Somerset coupe and a 1987 Riviera side by side and if you ask me they appear to be virtually the same car. I understand the Riv is a bit larger but it blows me away that GM thought that mispelling words would save them money but spending billions on a seperate platform that was a essentially 107 percent scale copy of an existing platform (or vice versa) was assinine. THIS is why GM slowly died.
" Never a good idea to have an expensive car look like a cheaper one" - Well, my friend, GM is doing exactly that BIG TIME with the Lyriq and the Celestiq, the front ends looking almost identical. The problem: Your $300k car looks just like the $60k car.
You keep calling the 78 Cutlass, Grand Prix, Monte Carlo, and Regal "A bodies"? I know another channel that calls these the GM G Body that ran from 78-88. I used to have a 84 Grand Prix that I bought new. Back in the day just about everybody had one of these cars. You need one in your stable.
The Front end of the 1986 Riveria were "ok" but the green house and the rear were disasters! UGLY! The 1985's were a sales success and the 1986 were 90% crash in sales! The refreshed 1988-89 was a much better looking vehicle as it had a longer rear end and incorporated more of the 1979-85 look in the rear end. (way better looking tail lamps!)
This downsizing simply looked less luxurious and 12.mpg probably did not help. I test drove many of them and the suspension compliance was more Regal and less Riviera.
I don't know that I'd call this generation "handsome". The proportions look off in coupe form and the formal C-pillar / low belt line doesn't help that look. The Seville of the same vintage, with 4 doors, looked better, IMO. I do miss low belt lines a-la-Honda Accord from the same time frame. And yes, touch screens for commonly used functions are not good. Between phones and touch screens, there is way too much distracted driving today - says crabby Grandpa.
The 1988 Riviera has more technology that I want in a car. So that should tell you how I feel about the disposable appliances people drive today. Garbage crossovers. Ugh. Give me a coupe, sedan or wagon. You can keep your crossover garbage.
I really liked these cars. But I do agree the N cars really hurt them. I had a 85 Calais Supreme. You had to look closely to differentiate it from the size of the Toronado and Riviera. It didn’t help that Ford had the Thunderbird and Cougar that were rear wheel drive and had V8s. GMs cars were more expensive and underpowered. Also remember these cars were a part of GM’s new robot plant. The robots were crude and these cars suffered. There welds were imprecise, body fitment was lack luster and paint was poor in its application. It was not uncommon for whole crews to have to correct flaws in the cars before they were shipped out. Dealers would complain for over a year about customers not appreciating the poor build quality compared to the 1979-1985 models.
I own a 1987 Riviera T Type now! I just got it in January 2023. I have always admired these cars, along with the related Toronado and Eldorado/Seville, and was thrilled to find a rare T Type in decent condition. The Riv is a pleasure to drive, very luxurious, quiet and the perfect size, in my opinion. The GCC touchscreen system is fun to use, offers so much detailed info, and makes the car feel very modern, considering that it's 35+ years old. I will say that steering wheel volume controls would have been a great addition and may have even kept them from eliminating the system after 4 model years, but overall it's a very logical system and easy to use. Thanks for the review and especially the concept images--very cool to see!
All the issues that you bring up they sort of fixed when they offered the VIC on the Oldsmobile Toronado. They added real controls for some functions and steering wheel controls too
They hit a home run with the 1979 downsizing of the Riviera and it's siblings so GM thought, why not do it again???? These came across as overpriced compact cars
I want to like this, but the proportions are all wrong. The greenhouse on the Riv is too big for the body. The T6000 Pontiac pulled it off best, I think, perhaps because it wasn't trying to mimic the elegance of an older nameplate.
Thanks for bringing up the spelling of gauges. I remember seeing “gages” in GM cars as a teen and wondering if it was misspelled or was it me who didn’t know how to spell that word.
The 1988-1990 pre Series I 3800 and the 1991-1995 3800 Series I engines are probably the most durable and reliable engines ever. The Series II a little less so, and the Series III an improvement over the Series II. But a super charged Series II was the best performer.
This car is gorgeous. I was a teen in the 80s and I was highly critical of GM's move to FWD and downsizing. I thought their late 70s downsize was perfect and should have remained. Having a better understanding of the world I can look back and see the pressure on them from government agencies and foreign competition from both Europe and Japan. Ford's revolutionary new Taurus and move to rounded aero themes, while also still keeping the traditional boxy RWD Panther platform vehicles did not help GM's situation at all. If you can forget the environment surrounding these at the time they can be appreciated a lot more.
The '86 cars all had the same profiles on the outside. All had flush lamps and vertical rear windows. It wasn't until 88 and 89 mid cycle refresh that there was actual sculpting and distinctive styling on this platform. This was a disastrous time for GM styling.
The GCC was dropped quickly due to lack of acceptance and *cost*. Touchscreens are so cheap to implement now that automakers are only reluctantly going back to physical knobs by public demand because they cost more.
Complain if you want but I drove one and it was comfortable with a very smooth ride. Today’s mid size vehicles ride very hard. Every single bump is transmitted to the people inside. And many of today’s roads are poorly maintained.
That's a shame when it takes you five to eight years to get your 'oil embargo' concepts into production. How much worse it might be today. We're probably driving 20 year old concepts by the time they hit the dealership lots.
