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Dinarska kuća je u osnovi dvodelni tip kuće namenjen za stanovanje prevashodno stočarskom gazdinstvu koja je bila rasprostranjena na celu zapadnu oblast Srednjeg Balkana čiji se razvoj može pratiti od kraja 18. do sredine 20. veka.
Početkom 19. veka, daljom evolucijom brvnara se razvija u visinu. Na padinama terena, na kosini, zidaju se uzduž kameni temelji na kojima se postavlja kuća ispod čijeg dela se dobija još jedna prostorija sa donje strane: Klijet, podrum, izba ili magaza. Kao celina kuća je trodelna, i u dva nivoa. U donjem delu redovno je smešten njen treći prostor: klijet („kljetara""), dok je stan, koji zauzima samo gornji nivo je dvodelni i sastoji se od kujne „kuće", koja je pozadi i u koju se ulazi sa terena sa obe bočne strane i sobe, smeštene spreda, iznad klijeta formule K+S. U struci ova brvnara je poznata je još i kao „kuća na cj(ć)elici". Dvodelna brvnara je pravogugaone osnove. Zidovi su brvna vodoravno naslagana vezana u ćert (ugao). Krov je visok i strm, pokriven slamom, šindrom klisom, lambom, na podvlačak i lepiricu. Na krovu se isticao dimnjak sa kapićem ili samićem koji štiti vatru od kiše i snega. U početku, u prvoj polovini 19. veka, ove dvodelne brvnare na ćelici gradili su seoski knezovi i kmetovi, odnosno imućnije seoske gazde, a postala je dostupnija širem sloju seoskog stanovništva sredinom 19. veka. U prvoj polovini 19. veka, najizraženiji tip ove kuće bila je brvnara osaćanka, koja je dobila naziv prema vičnim majstorima tesarima-drvodeljama, iz stare oblasti Osat, u istočnoj Bosni sa Drine, dok se u literaturi ovaj tip kuće još naziva dinarska i dimnica. Osim drvene strukture, kuće su građene potpuno od kamena, sa drvenim ili slamnatim krovom.
Building proces of Dinaric Alps traditional mountain house.
The two-part log cabin was built at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries in an isolated and peripheral part of the Ottoman Empire and is quite different from the magnificent three-part Shopska-Torlačka house, which was under a stronger oriental cultural influence. Log cabins, talpare or graders were built in cattle-breeding areas, in villages of the broken mountain type, where the homes were far from each other.
At the beginning of the 19th century, with the further evolution of the log cabin, it developed in height. On the slopes of the terrain, on a slope, stone foundations are built along which a house is placed, under the part of which another room is obtained from the lower side: a cellar, a basement, a cellar or a storeroom. As a whole, the house is three-part, and in two levels. In the lower part, its third space is regularly located: the client ("cellar"), while the apartment, which occupies only the upper level, is two-part and consists of a kitchen "house", which is at the back and is entered from the ground from both sides. sides and rooms, located in front, above the hut of the formula K + S. In science, this log cabin is known as a "house on steel". The two-part log cabin has a rectangular base. The walls of the log cabin are stacked horizontally tied in a corner. underline and lepirica. A chimney with a cap or a solitary stone stood out on the roof, which protects the fire from rain and snow.
11 окт 2024
