Like I said, I'm not an expert, but I've learned a lot over the past few years between dealing with audio issues in my workshop and getting ready to do this room. The short answer is bass traps work to reduce sound energy in a room in the bass region. There are basically two types: velocity and pressure.
Velocity is that rockwool or fiberglass or foam and it slows the speed of the sound as it passes through it. Think of waving your hand through water as opposed to waving it through air. It takes more effort and therefore uses up some of the energy the wave has.
A pressure trap works by reacting to a low frequency wave in the same way you can feel the floor or walls vibrating when a subwoofer is pumping out dance music. That vibration also uses some of the energy from the sound wave, reducing it.
Biggest problem with pressure traps is they are limited to a very narrow band, while velocity traps are more broad-band, covering more frequencies.
In an upcoming video I'll measure the frequency the wall panels I made vibrate and get a better idea if they are actually doing anything.
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2 окт 2024