Cellular Injury - Basics of Medicine (USMLE Step 1)

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Опубликовано:

25 фев 2022

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Комментарии : 5

@jakeisaac445 2 года назад

Cool video my guy. Quick question: In your list of the causes of cellular injury, you have inflammation listed. This would suggest that inflammation itself is a stimulus for producing cellular injury. However it is my understanding that inflammation is better categorized as a response to such injuries, rather than a stimulus. Am I misunderstanding something?

@MadMedicine 2 года назад

Both Inflammation is both a cause of cell injury and a product of cell injury. For the context of this lecture we’re discussing general causes. Hope that helps

@jakeisaac445 2 года назад

@@MadMedicine Yeah thanks for the clarification. If you don't mind, can you explain the mechanism by which inflammation can injure a healthy cell (that is, one that did not stimulate the inflammatory response itself)?

@MadMedicine 2 года назад

There are several ways but one main mechanism of injury during inflammation is the induction of apoptosis. Many factors and signaling pathways that are activated by inflammation are involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis but essentially, when we have widespread inflammation, normal/unaffected cells are also killed off in that response. For example, say you have a small neoplastic growth that our body recognizes as an abnormal cell or cluster of cells. If the intrinsic cellular apoptosis cascade/mechanism is faulty, our body relies on the extrinsic apoptotic mechanism of cell death. That means cytotoxic T cells will go and induce cell death through either Fas-FasL on a singular cell to cell basis or will release enzyme such as perforins/interins to damage cellular membrane to induce cell death on a larger scale. When that happens, intracellular components will be released into the extra cellular space which will further the inflammatory cascade but at the same time, neighboring cells that are not neoplastic or pathological will also be damaged due to the often nonspecific aspect of enzyme-receptor mechanics. That means inflammation will be cause cellular damage and cellular damage will also cause inflammation. There is a point where this all stops as the actions of enzymes are short lived and once the offending agent is removed, the cycle is broken and is stopped. There are also much more complicated aspects to this, such release of TNFa and interferons but i hope this gives you a more broad understanding.

@jakeisaac445 2 года назад

@@MadMedicine Gotcha. So does this only apply in situations where the cascade/mechanism is "faulty"?