CFA Franc: France’s Colonial Currency

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Tensions over migrants in Europe has once again led to accusations that France is using Neo-Imperialist strategies to exploit the wealth of African nations. So is the CFA Franc an exploitative currency union or an economic benefit to member countries?
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1 - www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-afri...
2 - www.dw.com/en/africa-and-fran...
3 - jacobin.com/2021/03/africa-co...
4 - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFA_franc
5 - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFA_franc
6 - Growth and Convergence in the CFA Franc Zone
7 - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinean...
8 - www.jstor.org/stable/161484
9 - www.theoxfordblue.co.uk/2022/...
10 - edition.cnn.com/2019/12/23/af...
11 - www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14...
12 - www.rts.ch/info/monde/1044646...
13 - www.foi.se/rest-api/report/FO...
14 - ecfr.eu/special/sahel_mapping...
15 - www.west-africa-brief.org/cont...
16 - www.europenowjournal.org/2018...
17 - www.stopblablacam.com/economy...

Опубликовано:

23 ноя 2022

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Комментарии : 1,3 тыс.

@TLDRnewsGLOBAL Год назад

CORRECTION: It turns out Meloni's comments weren't in response to the recent migrant-related spat between France and Italy: they were actually from an interview in 2019, but they're just reappeared in the context of the recent spat between the two countries. Apologies, we shouldn't be making these mistakes, and hope you nonetheless found the rest of the video informative!

@goganii Год назад

can you please update your description accordingly then ? :) great video btw, very informative can you also talk about belgium's influence in the DR Congo ?

@Booz2020 Год назад

Make BAGUETTE 🥖 Great Again🍟

@Vercixx Год назад

I was actually wondering why would Meloni link this CFA situation to the migrants, but in fact there was no link

@franzjoseph1837 Год назад

@@Vercixx literally the currency they use for life that keeps crushing their economic growth everytime the euro surges but yeah no links to people fleeing. Your minds works in wonderful ways. How is a currency that deliberately keeps people under the control of another country not linked to the terrible economic prospects in said country?

@franzjoseph1837 Год назад

@Apsoy Pike this is a western propaganda machine and that would of been too revealing to whitewash.

@denarigumbs4023 Год назад

Hi TLDR, you left out an important part in the Guinea story. The Guinea currency only failed because France imported fake money to the country to inflate its currency causing a bad economic recession. Frances did this to teach a lesson to the other African countries on what will happen if they leave to currency.

@Sam23606 10 месяцев назад

True it’s very important facts

@mt4456 10 месяцев назад

Was about to mention that

@jewelryforhim 9 месяцев назад

I was exactly going to say the same thing, France sabotaged the Guinea Franc so no other French colony would think of building their own currency, making CFA the "safe" currency in Africa

@mcbatetens 9 месяцев назад

They are white, they will always forget these facts 😅

@lemonade_ib 9 месяцев назад

@@jewelryforhimGuinea Bissau joined CFA franc voluntarily though it was colonized by Portugal.

@ben9583_ Год назад

Worth noting that the initial valuation of 1.7 Franc to 1 CFA Franc (later 2:1) caused an overvaluation of the CFA Franc. This meant that the export-based economies of Africa became very uncompetitive relative to other countries in Central America and Southeast Asia and the CFA Franc countries could basically only export with France, who benefited from the frictionless conversion between their two currencies. The overvaluation also made French manufactured goods quite cheap for CFA Franc countries, which provided an economic revitalization for France's wavering industry post-WW2. It's for those two relationship dynamics that are why many people argue that the currency is neo-colonialist; France imposes upon CFA Franc countries monetary policy that perpetuates the economic relationship between colony and colonizer in which the colony exports raw materials exclusively to the colonizer, who uses it to expand markets to the colonies with cheap, manufactured goods.

@phpn99 Год назад

Sure. But the only viable alternative is massive investment into autonomous industrial capacity in West and Central African countries. But for this money to come in (no one is queueing up to invest at that scale) the fundamentals have to improve tremendously. Only a small minority of former French colonies in West and Central Africa have had democratic cycles of power ; most have only experienced coups and dictatorship and France's hand wasn't required in most of these cases. The literacy rate is still very low and the average worker's skills are not fit for anything beyond the primary and secondary sectors. There is also a deep-seated cultural makeup that hampers discipline and sees corruption part of the social fabric at every level, and on a massive scale. Fixing these deficiencies will take a few generations - Rome wasn't built in a day. None of this exist as a fundamental, African-specific handicap ; when Africans escape the gridlock and weight of their native societies, they routinely show they can grow without limits in the rest of the world. So the burden in Africa is societal and cultural, and it will take time to evolve to the level it needs in order for its industrial sector to become self-sufficient in most of its domains of activity and consumption. Easily 100 years. It's the customary thing in Africa to blame foreigner for all of one's ills... but making one's own critique is far less common. It requires a level of awareness and political courage that is all but obfuscated by African demagoguery (as bad there, if not more, than it is in Europe) and a propensity to shrug about anything and everything. But Nature always finds its way, and African nations will eventually reach the state beyond which they will become creators and net exporters of a broad variety of engineered goods and ideas.

@Bombopapierle Год назад

@@phpn99 The only other alternative is to leave them and their resources alone and allow them to organize themselves properly. This might take time, and this will obviously not benefit us, but it is the right path of action. As long as we got a post colonial worldorder the west just continues to oppress the resources of "everyone else" under the premise of "they can't do it themselves". But they can't do it themselves because we never let them do it themselves.

@jonathanodude6660 Год назад

@@phpn99 it truly bothers me that african emigrants (especially west africans) form some of the most successful ethnic groups in the world, spreading as far and wide as east asians or western europeans, yet the state of africa is so poor. i cant imagine that the brain drain is helping the situation if theres never any reason to go back for the emigres.

@alaindumas1824 Год назад

The idea that the relationship between France and its former colonies is important for France may make sense on RU-vid but is belied by the fact that trade with CFA countries represents about 0.6% of France international trade.

@darkfool2000 Год назад

To be honest, I think that was inevitable. The economic potential of Africa is honestly not that big, despite its large population. The main reason for this is transportation costs, which are much higher than elsewhere because Africa has very few navigable rivers that are suited to large scale transportation all year round. This matters because water transport is at least 6 times cheaper than rail transport (trucking is usually twice as expensive as rail), and will always be significantly cheaper. As a result, accumulating capital in Africa, is much slower as potential profits (which can be reinvested) are eaten up by high transport costs. If you're a rich person in Africa and you want to grow your wealth, you are much better off investing most of it somewhere else. This will likely always be the case as the transportation issue is a geographic one unlikely to be solved by technology, even with massive capital investment.

@mekaeg Год назад

I am usually a fan of these TLDR videos, but the characterization here of what happened in Guinea is a grossly negligent understatement that I cannot ignore. France did its best to make an example of Guinea by aggressively assaulting that country through covert economic and military tactics that included tearing out infrastructure, flooding the country with fake currency, and arming rebels all in an effort to destabilize Guinea. Operation Persil isn’t even mentioned in this video. Then to say after this that participation in the CFA is voluntary? Why would any other CFA countries try to be economically independent of France after what France did to Guinea? Shameful description. Do better, TLDR. Do better.

@Birthday92sex Год назад

Cancel your subscription. They intentionally lied. No need to give them anymore attention.

@kris5885 Год назад

👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾

@umarulkhair1048 Год назад

Agreed. Also the offhanded remark about the CFA Franc countries doing economically better (than other African economies) till the 1980s was a disgustingly disingenuous way of suggesting that the CFA Franc supported their economic development. I would have welcomed a nuanced discussion of the actual economic dynamics of how the CFA Franc influenced economic development. But they simply just correlated the two, whitewashing a multitude of other factors that could have contributed to their superior growth.

@scottmoon4721 Год назад

What you expect from channel run by gays.

@AliTahan25 Год назад

Yeah, I’ve seen a lot of lack of info in their videos recently. I’ve recently seen the Iran video and there definitely is a lot of biases in what he puts in the videos

@trevizee806 Год назад

It's important to say that this is not a "meloni" take or a right wing take here in Italy, everyone thinks that France is still a colonizing force in Africa. When you see so many french speaking refugees you start to wonder why they are all leaving and the short answer is that France is and has been supporting governments that don't want to benefit their people. It's a human right's issue plain and simple

@the0ne809 Год назад

That is true but also France has been replaced by Russia forces in some of those countries. Not sure which one is worse.

@trevizee806 Год назад

@@the0ne809 does it matter which one is worse? Can't they just both be bad?

@minei1696 Год назад

@@the0ne809 Being worse or not isn't the issue. The point is that France is still controlling the economies of these countries (without any benefits behind). Denying it won't help.

@jjs7837 Год назад

There are a lot of English and Arabic speaking refugees too. Strange to make it seem it’s only francophone Africans.

@themsky8905 Год назад

@@the0ne809 You're comparing France colonialism which has killed many African leaders that doesnt agree with France to Russia ? Thats like comparing the effect of Japanese colonialism on Koreans and then comparing it to American troops stationed there

@misterkai83 Год назад

Now would be a good time to call out the coup that happen when African countries try to drop the CFA franc.

@Birthday92sex Год назад

Yes indeed. Cancel your subscription with them as I did after watching this video.

@noname-qk2ut Год назад

Guinea left the CFA Franc zone and there was no coup and obviously they fucked their economy along the way

@fritoss3437 Год назад

Guinée and Mauritania leaved without any problem, stop complotism

@marsapollo Год назад

@@fritoss3437 Perhaps but Thomas Sankara in Bukino Faso was assassinated and replaced when he was moving to do it. And there are numerous other examples or coincidences that can be pointed to as well

@ashtoncarriveau3880 Год назад

@@fritoss3437 and Thomas Sankara was murdered by pro-french forces. France will destabilize countries for trying to distance themselves. Not as bad as it used to be. But it happens

@jonesing777 Год назад

I enjoyed this. I felt the part on Guinea would have benefited from adding a bit more context with regard to the repercussions from breaking ties with France. France was directly instrumental in stifling Guinea's development and destroyed all the infrastructure as a signal to other French colonies in Africa, thinking of breaking ties. Perhaps Guinea would have had a better start without such vengeful acts by France

@elmaestroco Год назад

Yeah, unfortunately, that's pretty much textbook colonizers' playbook. Either you play by our rules and let us in or we sink you. The US does the same with many countries in South America.

@amouritss Год назад

Not really because France didn't develop anyting in the start. Guinea was also help by USSR when the dictator saw that France want to dominate.

@beritboehme8439 10 месяцев назад

Guinea has an illiteracy rate of 70%. That's only Guineas fault. Ni country will ever develop or be strong with 70% illiteracy. Guinea was failed by its own leadership first and foremost. Africans generally need to start to demand competent governance or things will never change. You can't control what others do. France will always be France. The whole world knows it. You can only ever fix the problems that are in your control. And there is a lot that could be done. But if you only focus on evil France and ignore what could be fixed internally the will never be progress.

@dereknordberg3099 Год назад

Being a “voluntary” member of the CFA. There are some pretty heavy air quotes with that

@fvcctghvf7991 Год назад

Well they’re sovereign countries, officially. Why accepting the corruption if there is any.

@fvcctghvf7991 Год назад

@@savinobodei4656 Macron supposedly ended the deposit in 2019 for the western part. And this video does not say that france couldn’t ‘officially’ use it. I know it sounds easy and stupid and crazy, but why not manning up and say no. Wouldn’t you rather die if it was for your nation? Europeans, uncluding uk, France, Italy, and Germany, Russia. are all in Africa for their economic interest. Should we talk about china? They’re more there than both france and the uk these days. Qatar reportedly takes gold etc…. I am not saying I support it. But you know, business. Africa has to stand up, otherwise, naturally, others will enjoy.

@alaindumas1824 Год назад

Membership is indeed voluntary. Some countries that never were French colonies use the CFA. Many former French colonies don't. Placing one's reserves under the control of the Banque de France governor is a loss of control, but the African Central Bank governors have been under the influence of local politicians and often forced to behave irresponsibly. Basically, locally held reserves divide countries with weak governance, in Africa and beyond, between a few well connected who can change money at official rates at the Central Bank, and those buying hard convertible currencies on the black market.

@savinobodei4656 Год назад

@@alaindumas1824 'under the influence of local politicians'...soo being under the influence of foreign politicians is somehow better? The cognitive dissonance is strong here. Neo colonialist paternalism at its finest

@alaindumas1824 Год назад

@@savinobodei4656 European politicians have lost control over the value of their national currencies through arrangements known as Serpent Monetaire aka Snake in a Tunnel, European Monetary System, ECU and the Euro. French politicians like Giscard d'Estaing, Mitterrand and Delors were largely responsible for this evolution. The difference between Central Banks under the influence of African politicians or governed by a technocratic Banque de France governor is reflected in currencies valuations. Fifty years ago, 1 CFA was worth 0.02 Algerian DZD, 0.1 Guinean GNS or 0.2 Madagascar Ariary. Today the CFA is worth 0.33 DZD, 13.6 GNS or 6.6 Aryaris. Another non cognitive difference is convertibility. One can sell an apartment in Senegal, change the proceeds and send the Euros to a foreign bank account for a small fee. Such transactions are illegal in Algeria, Guinea, Madagascar or even more prosperous Morocco.

@michelndjock Год назад

France or, as CGP Grey would call her, "The Queen of not letting go". Greetings from Cameroon, a country using the CFA Franc, Team TLDR. 👋🏾

@apdanielski Год назад

Given that you're a local, what are your opinions on Georgia Meloni's statements? And the CFA Franc in general?

@rasho2532 Год назад

@@apdanielski As a Cameroonian myself,I believe Meloni is just posturing in order to justify her immigration policy. As for her actual statements or accusations, I would mostly agree with them (apart from the obvious inaccuracies and the conspicuous fact that Italy's involvement in Africa is not mentioned as well). That being said, she's saying nothing revolutionary, she's just repackaging panafricanist talking points and emptying it of them of their substance.

@cowboybeboop9420 Год назад

@@rasho2532 As a European I`d say she probably sees Africans as barbarians that she doesn`t want in her country. No offence to you guys but I wouldn`t want you people either. As for France, they just want to use diplomacy and force to secure their energy and natural resources needs. The best compromise we Europeans can make is to find a way to just keep taking your stuff but not allowing you into Europe while finding a way to morally grandstand at the same time. We are hypocrites that way. That being said you people are probably just gonna have to take it coz you`re weak, corrupt and backwards and so don`t really have a say in the matter. At then end of the day the spoils go to the victor and right now Africans are too weak to win.

@joeltchitchi2536 Год назад

Greetings from a fellow Cameroonian

@theblackswordsman9951 Год назад

@@rasho2532 Wow a well measured and concise summary. Don't see a lot of those on the internet these days, especially not on RU-vid

@mosaabelamin2735 Год назад

It is notable to address that the Guinea economic growth was stagnant and the economic crisis was a precisely orchestrated ploy from france and not a product of the currency/country decisions and policies. Opération Persil was a 1959 covert operation by the French government aimed at destabilising the post-independence government of Guinea due to Guinean president Ahmed Sékou Touré's rejection of the CFA franc and his successful campaign for Guinean independence. This is just an example of what france has done to the country and Macron has the audacity to come and lecture african nations about their deals with China.

@albevanhanoy Год назад

That was 63 years ago. Macron wasn't even born.

@davidbodor1762 Год назад

Yeah, though I am worried deals with China is just changing one colonizing overlord to another. I really hope the African Union can create a solid and independent power structure for the Continent.

@themsky8905 Год назад

@@albevanhanoy Macron continues it

@albevanhanoy Год назад

@@themsky8905 No.

@kalactose348 Год назад

@@davidbodor1762 No. As a Nigerian who have seen my country suffer for decades. Tell me why shouldn't we go with China? Back in the days no one gave the slightest shit about us but now that China is doing business with us, everyone is anti china. Don't fall for the propaganda, China investments are very much useful and improve our standard of living everyday. I drive on the road china built for us everyday. It took 7 hours to travel to a close by state but now but now with the train built and financed by China It only take 2 hours tops(and we have already paid back most of the loans as we have seen great benefit). And these are just a few. Not mentioning the refineries they have financed, oil rigs and everything else. I hate using the word hypocritical, but from our POV, the Westerners look that way. And let's even say the Chinese loans are a debt trap (which is NOT, go read the documents instead of watching dumb RU-vid videos). Tell me what should our choice be? Continue living a miserable life or take the slightest chance of success no matter how small?

@ilyesbouzidi7837 6 месяцев назад

next time you hear a European complaining about immigrants and how they want their countries back, show them this video...

@peterkariuki9475 2 месяца назад

very true... You can't exploit a whole region and expect no one will leave, people want to happy and successful.

@GustavSvard Год назад

TLDR Africa when? I realise the viewership might not be big enough for that today, but I know I'd be watching. so... More videos about Africa please! Best way to see if there's enough interest for a TLDR Africa channel is probably to see how many views TLDR Global videos about Africa get :)

@sebastiangruenfeld141 Год назад

Considering they're already considering deleting their tldr US channel despite it having hundreds of thousands of subscribers and getting 10s of thousands of views, I seriously doubt there will be tldr Africa any time soon

@michelangelobuonarroti4958 Год назад

I'd doubt they're able to actually pull off competent coverage on Africa the way they're doing with Europe. This video is very much a perfect example of that.

@littlerage4u799 Год назад

honestly problem would be size. many topics would just fall off (remember they are a small team)

@carkawalakhatulistiwa Год назад

Free Africa from western Eropa . #western hypocrisy

@difficiliscarere9838 Год назад

@@michelangelobuonarroti4958 how come this video isnt as competent as others? I hope u are not refering to the Melonis part. For me it was a good watch , because it was balanced as usual and before watching i only ever saw the pure evil in france`s shenanigans in africa, not thinking about the people in africa who want to engage with france and be part of this currency.

@kiritugeorge4684 Год назад

Also, French neo-colonialism is more overt and obvious. Its funny how you say being part of CFA is voluntary when there is clearly an aspect of coercion that you yourself admit to towards the end.

@adhirbose9910 Год назад

Voluntary as in " I am making you a offer you cannot turn down ".

@quanghuyvo6112 Год назад

@@adhirbose9910 and if you turn down i will murder your leader and replace him with other puppet

@florianfelix8295 Год назад

It’s crazy how small this is as a topic in Europe.

@adhirbose9910 Год назад

@@quanghuyvo6112 do checkout the movie Godfather....

@gothicgolem2947 Год назад

Proberbly just to show u can leave if u want even if here may be coercion not to all tho I’m suprised he didn’t mention France flooding the country that left the country with money crashing there economy I hink they did something bad to it I heard

@samuelachonu3187 Год назад

He forgot to add that France was attempted to crumble the Guinea economy for leave the CFA

@scotandiamapping4549 Год назад

I really dont like Milloni (definitely spelling that wrong) but she isnt wrong here

@97Corvi Год назад

Meloni Don't worry, It's near enouth XD

@andrewharper3165 Год назад

Wow I've been aware of this for decades, and it's not just France they are just the worst perpetrators.

@scotandiamapping4549 Год назад

@@97Corvi thx

@TileBitan Год назад

@@scotandiamapping4549 its like melons, but spelled in an italian way, meloni. If you remember the melon part you won't forget about her name in a long time

@bababababababa6124 Год назад

@@TileBitan that’s unfortunate because I really want to forget her 😂

@clockpenalty Год назад

This video doesn't seem balanced. The claim that CFA zone countries saw growth and stability as a result of using the currency contradicts the facts you reveal towards the end of the video about what that GDP growth actually represents (cheap exports to France with close to zero profits or rise in living standards in the CFA zone countries). It isn't really "growth" when it's simply an improvement in the rate at which resources are plundered

@AgusSimoncelli Год назад

That's the issue with only caring about GDP

@NeistH2o Год назад

a stronger currency makes it good to import, not export, doesn’t it?

@whocares427 Год назад

Yes, and the hosts are centre-left people from the mainstream culture. aka soulless neo-liberals. Line go up mentality (and buying a pride flag with an extra colour each year) is all that matters to the political mainstream. Not human welfare.

@Whiterun_Gaurd Год назад

@@AgusSimoncelli it doesnt address inequality.

@Birthday92sex Год назад

@clockpenalty just cancel your subscription with them as I did!

@AndreNdoye Год назад

Even though i will say most people would like a new currency, being pegged to a stable western currency has allowed our currency to stay relatively stable to the USD, while the Ghana Cedi and the Nigerian Naira took HUGE plunges.

@peach7469 Год назад

Well China wants a cheap currency because it provides jobs to it's citizens. But most African countries don't have a workforce of a billion people.

@mwanikimwaniki6801 Год назад

@@peach7469 All*

@walideg5304 Год назад

Totally true. Look at Nigeria, a rich country on oil and gas.foreign investors fleed when their currency dicreased.

@unsavedprogress1419 Год назад

Then why are Francophone countries much poorer than either of the two countries you listed?

@walideg5304 Год назад

@@unsavedprogress1419 they are not. You are comparing countries with ressources with some without. Gabon which has oil is richer. During decades Ivory Coast was “the exception” with a country developed by Houphouet Boigny. A francophone country.

@lowwfeh Год назад

Your analysis of Guinea really doesn't hold up after you see what France did to that country in response to them leaving the CFA Franc

@walideg5304 Год назад

France did nothing. Stop conspiracy theories. Same for Mauritania. They took bad decisions. They face the consequences.

@saninkontron925 Год назад

French overflowed Guinée with fake money, armed rebelles and opposition...

@mint8648 Год назад

That was immediately after they left. Guinea’s recession lasted until mid 1980s

@saninkontron925 Год назад

@@mint8648 Most of our countries in Africa are too tie to white countries (economy, trade...). And these white countries practice ethnic solidarity. when one of them has a conflict with an African country, they practice economic blocus... That's what franSS has done to Guinee. Even with my country, MALI, frnaSS is doing the same thing, since we have removed the frenSS disgusting criminal army from our country. So franSS pused EU and other Africna organization to sanction my country... Now African countries learn to trade with non white countries (China, India, Brazil, Iran, RUSSIA...). frnaSS is the msot disgusting evil criminal white country !

@saninkontron925 Год назад

@@mint8648 franSS should start to give back all our religous and cultural artefact, they have stolen... It's funy how they call themselves 1st world, civilized... but they are the one puting humanity though slavery, world wars, invading/bombing/stealing people lands and resources...

@wilfredpeake9987 Год назад

If you control the currency you don't care who sits on the throne. France is incentivized to do this because it benefits France as alot of the infrastructure and biggest companies in these countries are French or French suppliers.

@Jamirio Год назад

Benefits ? French economy is in recession since 2010

@notliquid1448 Год назад

@@Jamirio wtf are you talking about

@Jamirio Год назад

@@notliquid1448 Tell me what stuff you smokin

@notliquid1448 Год назад

@@Jamirio Do you even know what is a recession? France's economy has not been "in recession since 2010".

@seadkolasinac7220 Год назад

@@Jamirio do you know the definition of recession? Negative growth % / contraction. France isn't that

@whitebenoit Год назад

Small point : Mayotte and La Réunion 's statues are different (and both are very different from old west African colonies). While Mayotte is a "special territory" with some independence from France, La Réunion is a "department" which means it is basically France (even though it has some special status as it is overseas). Having military there is as normal as having military in Corsica.

@theodorefruchart7058 Год назад

Mayotte is also a french departement since 2011 (I'm not sure of the date), there is only one notable difference qwith the rest of France : the immigration law.

@Lando-kx6so Год назад

They weren't french originally & were colonised same with the overseas departments of Guadelopue, Martinique, & French Guiana

@whitebenoit Год назад

@@Lando-kx6so I think that La Réunion wasn't inhabited before France established a colony. But yes, some were colonies taken by France. Doesn't change the fact that those two are considered integrated part of France. It is very different to have military there than to have military in foreign nations (even old colonies). Wouldn't you agree ?

@JMJfat Год назад

@@Lando-kx6so Reunion was uninhabited before the French arrived, so it is as French as a territory can be.

@florianfelix8295 Год назад

@@JMJfat it’s probably more French then Corsica I guess

@markdowding5737 Год назад

I get the reasons why France created the CFA Franc and its convertibility rate. But how does the EU allow France to keep doing this when now the CFA Franc is pegged to the euro? Surely this convertibility of CFA Francs with euros also affects other European countries and wider EU institutions, right?

@user-pc3nc3hg6w Год назад

France is garant for those countries. So if something bad happen, France will be the only one to pay for the difference.

@markdowding5737 Год назад

@@user-pc3nc3hg6w oh, thank you for explaining, that makes sense. But seems a big risk they are taking by becoming the guarantor of so many countries

@user-pc3nc3hg6w Год назад

@@markdowding5737 It's not that much risky honestly. It has been just fine up to now and I really REALLY hope the situation in those countries won't get any worse that it already is. In top of that, the 50% deposite of those countries in the french bank was used as a protection for France since it was meant to be used as financial aid if it was ever needed. And more importantly, it's not so much the money as the natural resources (oil, uranium,...) of those african countries that interest France. So if things really go bad, France could still easily request exploitation right of extraction sites or even simply land territories. So no matter what happen, France is covered.

@skp8748 Год назад

@@markdowding5737 France owns french guinea which gives the EU access to south American fishing rights

@francoislechanceux5818 Год назад

@@user-pc3nc3hg6w France has gained and is still gaining more out of this neo-colonial deal more than the 14 member countries combined

@tyler383v Год назад

Wait up… to this day total is owned by North America first: 30%; france of course 15,1%; uk 10.9%, rest of Europe: 17.1%, rest of the world 5.4%

@13Luk6iul Год назад

Britain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Portugal, Spain… none of them ever owned up to their colonial crimes.

@realShikha885 Год назад

Meanwhile Japan 😐

@NovikNikolovic Год назад

I wonder if the UK had a similar dynamic over other countries that stuck with the pound as a currency (I remember Cyprus, Palestine and Egypt in particular using this)

@SuperSanic.. Год назад

Nope. Egyptian pound is independent from British pound. Don't know about Palestine and Cyprus

@amouritss Год назад

Yes everyone country do the same thing

@bulthaosen1169 10 месяцев назад

Nah. They just have similar names. Like dollar. There are a lot of currencies named dollar.

@_Sami_H 10 месяцев назад

@shohankazi2989 the palastain pound eventually turned into the isareli shakel and now the new isareli shakel back In like 1970 , ya it took isarel 30 some years to leave the pound alone , sighting incomnic insecurities and unstable currency system much Like Canada and Australia did Not sure about The Palastain territory tho , pretty sure they just use forginer currencies such as the NIS or the US dolor

@omarkouassi2018 Год назад

The deposit is given back with a 0,75% rate according to the agreement

@yosefmekouar Год назад

1:05 France was not in control of southern morocco or "western sahara" nor the north part of Morocco. + the Thunmbnail is misleading as the cfa frank is not used in any North African country.

@MrWise23 Год назад

So when France has a currency somewhere else it’s called colonial while the dollar in many country’s would be Oke

@luandeoliveira1983 Год назад

No, everyone have heard about american imperialism and how America uses economic blackmail to impose its interests.

@mavinc1723 Год назад

Because it's different. West African countries have tried to leave multiple times. However have been met with heavy consequences

@alexanderlipowsky6055 Год назад

@@mavinc1723 and some things you can commercially only buy with usd, oil for example is mostly traded with the usd... ows that different if you have no choice but use the usd?

@mavinc1723 Год назад

@@alexanderlipowsky6055 It's different, because it's agreed to use the USD as it's the most stable currency. It makes practical sense, even I prefer holding money in USD.

@alexanderlipowsky6055 Год назад

@@mavinc1723 who agreed upon the usd? not me, not my country nor half my neighbours countries... yes it makes practical sense, just like the cfa does does that change anything abt the fact that most of the aflicted ppl didnt agree to use the usd?

@JefElder Год назад

The fact that the CFA Franc holds France, the former colonial power, as guarantor is highly problematic and I agree that it can only be perceived as neocolonialism. The French military presence in Africa is another subject, though. Non-French readers cannot even begin to imagine the impact that the Rwandan genocide had on the French collective conscience. I remind you that France has been accused (unjustly, according to my personal research, but I am French) of being nothing less than an accomplice of the Hutu and that this guilt is still debated throughout the world. As a result, the French population is extremely reluctant to send troops to Africa (everybody goes wondering : “what is going to happen this time, is it going to blow in our face again” ?). And of course, our government, which knows very well the resentment of the population and cannot ignore the risk of becoming embroiled in one way or another in another large scale massacre, is probably not particularly happy to send paratroopers, marines and legionnaires to fight Jihadists in Africa - not to mention the fact that these actions make metropolitan France an obvious target for terrorist attacks.

@peterkariuki9475 Год назад

France is a looting machine there is nothing like helping with France . France is only in the Sahel to protect their own economic interest under the gaise that they are removing terrorist that's why people hate France so much coz all it does is take and take in whichever means possible whether militarily or moniterily everything that France enjoys has been taken from Africa.

@walideg5304 Год назад

France was not partner in crime or part of the genocide but did few to stop it and sometimes blind their eyes on the crimes committed by the Hutu

@umarulkhair1048 Год назад

Then why has France not worked in conjuction with the UN mission in the Sahel? There continues to be active concerns over the presence of ISIS in the Sahel which the UN mission in the Sahel is positioned against - ostensibly the same aim of the French military. Yet France, perceiving the direct threat to the pro-Paris governments abated (but not to the threat to the communities on the frontline) has begun drawing down troops from the region. One must ask is France's military presence about jihadists, or is ISIS just another item on the list of threats to the French colonial puppet regimes that the French military has to protect against. I do agree they have a positive role v-a-v terror movements in the region. However that does not change the character of French military presence to be an imperial one.

@rudyzk 10 месяцев назад

France maintains these mechanisms solely because it gets enormous economical benefits from African countries. France looks for rulers who are easily corruptible and helps them stay in power for their own benefit, regardless of the welfare of the African population. Its so obvious that a primary school kid can realize that

@adhirbose9910 Год назад

Yes. The French are not as subtle as the British, who do the same thing using their network of " overseas territory's " and offshore banking, and controlled elite of the weaker and politically unstable former colonies. Nigeria. Pakistan and Brunei are fine examples of " independent " former British colonies, and it's probably just a coincident that they are still serving the economic and strategic interests of the former masters.

@maxdavis7722 Год назад

How are the British doing neo colonialism then?

@gothicgolem2947 Год назад

Ummm preety sure he British don’t do this we don’t have a currency in those countries sure they might align with us on some stuff that’s not colonism hats allies

@gothicgolem2947 Год назад

Thats

@vervetech9395 Год назад

@@maxdavis7722 British companies in Africa controlling the economy of those nations although the British aren't as wicked, greedy and unfair as the French.

@maxdavis7722 Год назад

@@vervetech9395 that’s not neo colonialism tho.

@guyb.7808 Год назад

Funny thing is: France has had a very heavy-handed approach in its former African colonies during the later half of the 20th century (propping up friendly autocrats, exerting military and non-military pressure, etc...). However, in recent years, it has grown gradually more reluctant to continue doings thing that way. Rebuilding the trust it lost with more than half a century of pursuing its own interests on the continent with little to no regard for the people living there is going to take some time...

@ericjohnson7234 Год назад

if by the end of all of this, France would care at all.

@ahouais5620 Год назад

Chinese are actually trying to do what France did in Africa.. in worse That's also why France is trying to be better. But overall, i would say that french people respect africans, but french politicians not necessarily

@valmiro4164 Год назад

@@ahouais5620 How exactly is China doing the same to Africa but worse?

@mayy9685 Год назад

Take some time? Your delusional. It’s over. To little to late .

@dennisgichohi5392 Год назад

@@nogent4213but unlike France they don't get involved in countries politics or supporting dictators and have build very important infrastructure unlike France.....and yes they have brought jobs to Africa unlike France who all the do is exploit

@esayasasefa5551 10 месяцев назад

How could you leave out the requirement of control over infrastructure projects and raw resources that France imposed?

@happyelephant5384 Год назад

After reading some comments I think, that although your analysis not bad, it lacks many important deatials.

@timmymossoua9717 Год назад

The deposit is handed to the French treasure but handed back with almost 1% more a year… the video should be mended. Macron decided to cancel this operation in this zone in 2019. Colonial? At least not according to officials from both parts. Maybe these remarks are true and macron ended it for the image of his country or maybe they were wrong and these countries were too expensive lol

@noname-qk2ut Год назад

Wow France created the wish version of the eurozone

@christinakouassi6241 Год назад

Lol

@erwannthietart3602 Год назад

Which is older than the Eurozone so doesnt work

@rameenaayan3248 Год назад

💀

@andyc9902 Год назад

Lol 😆

@nadineassa Год назад

A common currency is worth it, deposit is ended in west Africa and anyway had to be refunded . If the French don’t, then goodbye. Foreign factories from non African countries are the issue… We need politicians that kick, Chinese, america, Middle East and Europe out of Africa.

@nadineassa Год назад

These aren’t fees, it’s a deposit, given back with interest. A deposit that was ended by macron, so maybe it was too expensive for france. Operation persil happened 60 years ago, the video does not state it. So saying that france keeps sabotaging people to get their currency is nonsense. Equatorial Guinea, an ancient Spanish colony joined it. And it wasn’t France’s business. Moreover, most of the west franc cfa region is forecasting a 6% average growth this year. Nigeria cannot say the same, Ghana either.

@MissingPlanet Год назад

I literally finished reading a book about this yesterday. Africa's Last Colonial Currency The CFA Franc Story by Fanny Pigeaud and Ndongo Samba Sylla. It covers this in a lot more detail, such as the reason Guinea didn't do well after they left was because France made sure they didn't in order to deter other countries from leaving. Countries such as France, the UK and the USA have foreign policy that consists of two positions. 1: 'Fcuk with us and we'll bomb you flat' and 2: 'Fcuk with us and we'll starve you to death'. The CFA franc is a prime example of the latter.

@jliljj Год назад

Thank you! I'm surprised by the quality of this channel recently. It's like the just took a quick Wikipedia summary and made a video

@quiquemarquez3211 Год назад

Got it recently too, it reviews the situation quite well, France really is still the very same centralist imperialist meddler that it was back on the 80's.

@walideg5304 Год назад

This book has been largely criticised for the several lacks. A lot of economists are not agree with it.

@MissingPlanet Год назад

@@walideg5304 Not only does the book not agree with 'a lot of economists', it doesn't agree with this video. I recommended the book so viewers of this video can become better informed by exposing themselves to different points of view on a subject.

@stevi2577 Год назад

Economists who criticised this book are rich and living well while this book explains OUR REALITY what African faces when they request " REAL INDEPENDENCE "

@criztaliz3413 Год назад

Anglokids talk politely about their father sins. Like million African live lost and young generation flooded with drugs like nothing.

@bgggsht Год назад

Hypocrites, all of them. I'm not mad at Russia, they simply do their business, a powerful country creates it's own reality, while vassal states can only bark about "bad imperialism"

@nkyiamon8563 Год назад

Top 10 African countries most rich in 2018 according to the Banque Africaine de développement (BAD) 1-Nigeria ($581 billion) 2-South Africa ($276 billion) 3-Egypt ($264 billion) 4-Algeria ($170 billion) 5-Sudan ($124 billion) 6-Morocco ($121 billion) 7-Angola ($104 billion) 8-Ethiopia ($93 billion) 9-Kenya ($77 billion) 10-Tanzania ($52 billion) Noticed : No country using the CFA franc figure in this ranking and each countries included in this ranking has its own currency.

@DANEo2o2 9 месяцев назад

My mans out here really using Guinea as a comparison without talking about how De Gaul, pissed that Guinea wasn't going to play ball, crippled the Guinean economy by flooding it with counterfeit bills. Every time I watch this guy's videos on French-African geopolitics, I always hope that he won't oversimplify just how nasty the French government was to their former colonies. Still here eye-rolling.

@toyotaprius79 Год назад

... Why'd you think they destroyed Libya for?

@yerlocalpeanutdealer795 11 месяцев назад

That was more of a US deed

@Mattbriggs85 Год назад

I wonder what would of happen if the Gold dinar came into effect.

@vervetech9395 Год назад

They killed Ghadaffi for that reason because if Ghadaffi's gold dinar for the whole of Africa came into effect making Africa independent from Neo-colonialism, the economy of France would have crippled in a very short time.

@mathyeuxsommet3119 Год назад

@@vervetech9395 that absolutely stupid.Any gold standard would reverse africa 50 years back in term of development,an in no instance it will block any french ventures in the continent

@ASLUHLUHCE Год назад

A new currency, a United States of Africa, socialism - man, Gaddafi really wanted to get himself killed

@mathyeuxsommet3119 Год назад

@@ASLUHLUHCE can you define socialism ?

@ASLUHLUHCE Год назад

@@mathyeuxsommet3119 I believe he defined his kind of socialism in a book

@MegaMmateo Год назад

They had to pay fees to France to borrow their own money. Is there anything else that needs to be said?

@nadineassa Год назад

It’s not fees, it’s a deposit which was given back with interest

@freneticness6927 11 месяцев назад

Private "rescue" ships should be impounded and destroyed.

@Zeusselll Год назад

Yes. Saved you 8 minutes there.

@ahorrell Год назад

Oh mate, you guys didn't even mention French support for the genocidal regime in Rwanda in 1994. That one was next level. 800,000 people died.

@fvcctghvf7991 Год назад

No evidence. Don’t put everything that went bad in Africa on the French. They have no reason to kill an ethnicity for another African one.

@thoraero Год назад

Great stuffs. This is completely new to me.

@mavinc1723 Год назад

There's a lot of context missed

@aigeneratedwauigi2696 2 месяца назад

Using Guinea as an example of how the CFA franc has helped countries is the most out of touch knowledge ever

@andalilbitqueer Год назад

short answer: yes long answer: oui oui, mon ami

@tunxlaw Год назад

The CFA is voluntary, lol.

@andyc9902 Год назад

Lol 😂

@andyc9902 Год назад

French guns on head

@ivanbarbosa81 9 месяцев назад

Brilliant!! Love this channel. Thank you, very thourough and impartial

@leftistadvocate9718 Год назад

I wonder what actions France took that might have sabotaged the Guinnie franc?

@knowstitches7958 10 месяцев назад

TDLR you're a very wrong,nothing is voluntary about CFA

@valmiro4164 10 месяцев назад

"Voluntary" you mean

@PersimmonHurmo Год назад

"The world has never needed more smart thinkers"?

@nevets2371 Год назад

Thinking, it's a dangerous pastime

@paolagabetzi9791 Год назад

I know someone that does’t appreciate how the tide is turning in Europe. I have to recognise that Macron’s friends negotiated well the Brexit deal ^^, remember your both countries are still married jiji haha. You’ll be back soon honey ;).

@colloidalchristina9379 Год назад

Learnt a lot thanQ

@Yeppo_ Год назад

This is worrying

@napoleonibonaparte7198 Год назад

It’s not neo-imperialism, it’s just an awful lot of goodwill.

@IkeOkerekeNews Год назад

Says the former dictator of France.

@firebird4491 Год назад

So true Francophile

@Lapantouflemagic0 Год назад

@@IkeOkerekeNews who is not seen as a dictator in france...

@semihcorbaci Год назад

Only the French enjoy it.

@elite7329 Год назад

We don't want your forced "goodwill", leave us alone.

@AK86K Год назад

In mayotte and reunion island there is not franc CFA but euros. these islands are recognised as french departments

@Taara51 Год назад

How that possible thinny Island can control Africa is that joke ?

@teamcharmander1017 Год назад

Short answer yes

@bababababababa6124 Год назад

Saved me 8 minutes 😂

@lipingrahman6648 Год назад

When oldish empires collapse a shadow lingers. It was true when the western Roman Empire fell, the Mongolian empire, Persian, Russian/Soviet etc. It is a rather interesting sociology phenomenon. I wonder what shadows will linger in the future.

@carkawalakhatulistiwa Год назад

Soviet is federation except for the 3 Baltic states

@nicolasmatheusfernandesdos6229 Год назад

@@carkawalakhatulistiwa A dictatorial federation which annexed countries, enforced it's rule in neighboring countries and was willing to commit crimes against humanity to stay in control. You're right, it was worse than an empire.

@temporelucemtenebris5313 Год назад

Le me, a Croat (Balkaner): heh... yeah, I wonder too xD

@noneofyourbusiness4830 Год назад

As an act of rebellion, hopefully those Africans will strip the French language of any official (or favoured) status.

@bleach9tail 10 месяцев назад

LOL, You said it was voluntary. Say that to the countries that tried to leave

@zacktong8105 Год назад

Post colonial relations between these countries and metropolitan France have been fractured and met resistance on the French part. Security forces provided by France have perhaps gone on too long and should be scaled back doubtless leading to US logistics decline as well. But they seem unable or unwilling to thwart ISIS al shabob infiltration/exploitation which the US would be well advised to not get involved in combat with them,

@saninkontron925 Год назад

What the funk ? 🤣 You are clearly not African! Another CNN baby brain... turn off faux news !

@alexanderk5522 Год назад

Some say crisis in Guinea was a revenge for it's not being loyal enough. Is this detail worth mentioning I wonder.

@jeanlebrenn1809 Год назад

The 15 member countries of the CFA zone, which are not all former French colonies, could come out of the CFA franc at any time, it is their power. The information, as what, France would collect a financial fee on this currency is a shameless lie, peddled by movements of right or totalitarian extremes, hostile to France. It is enough to compare inflation in the member countries of the CFA group, and the situation in other African countries, to understand why African countries using the CFA franc are dragging their feet to get out of this system.

@spritemon98 Год назад

I think so

@redmo1494 Год назад

The answer is yes

@uzzyonline Год назад

When will Africa wake up?

@yerlocalpeanutdealer795 11 месяцев назад

Well is there an alternative to the CFA?

@taseenhaider3961 Год назад

It would be great if you quote the source of numbers and stats.

@abdourahmanealkhalifa191 Год назад

Without its former colonies in Africa, France can only dream of being one of the largest 10 economies in the world!

@siyacer Год назад

Funny how it's France colonizing Africa and not the other way around... for now

@0xCAFEF00D Год назад

7:05 Is he talking about current arrangements or the past?

@thechosenone1533 Год назад

Yes

@tritojean7549 Год назад

He was referring to slave trade and colonisation

@tomsmith7815 Год назад

This video is not accurate in many ways. The images that are shown with a map, is mostly related to the barkhane operation, the French left before the uk. The franc cfa as you describe it is wrong as well: this is a deposit but you do not explain everything. This is not a tax, and the accounts are officially free of access for African nations. France cannot touch it, at least on the law. I do not know how it is in real true. Secondly, the 70 percent is false. The deposit means that African nation gets it back with interest (on the ‘contract’). It is not stolen. However, I do not know how it is in real true. Thirdly, as you said, it is a choice, on the contract. However, if people say there has been pressure on Guinea ,maybe it is the case. English North African nations such as Sierra Leone, Nigeria,Ghana suffer from a bad, fluctuating money and I do not see how france could get into these countries. Franc cfa zone is stable because pegged to the euro. It has been said that macron himself is the politician that put an end to the deposit of north Western Africa. There are soldiers protecting the foreign companies from every country.

@FlameReturns Год назад

Brits are not one to talk with there commonwealth nonsense.

@TheAnimeSounds Год назад

Imagine if only one thing presented here that is happening outside of FR borders - Russia would done, OMG what an outcry would happen, every server would explode.

@samuelfeder9764 Год назад

Great video providing context on a rarely discussed but for millions of people really important topic! 👍👍

@Cennwulf Год назад

I first encountered TDLR news via updates on the situation in Ukraine. I actually purchased a membership on Nebula so I could access all of the TDLR videos and I have to say I'm quite happy with the investment! I recommend it to everyone! (and I'm just a dude from Texas, USA - I'm not trying to sell their product, I'm just "reviewing."

@falconeshield Год назад

Dudes, research. Stop admiring Meloni so much. That currency clip is from 2019. And the only reason why it surfaced is because of immigration spats between Italy and France. Meloni doesn't care about Africa at all.

@sergiocabanas1496 21 день назад

France should be judge and people need to inquire philosophically if is it racist to ask tribute no matter the name of the deal is to take whit out a reasonable and needed situation for goods it’s predatory free l’afrique!!!

@andyc9902 Год назад

I'm with the Italian pm here

@farhadbatur5203 Год назад

It's funny how you say that countries can just leave. The definition of political influence is that you can't do what might have otherwise been in your interest and there is not doubt France have a large part of theirs in Africa

@mavinc1723 Год назад

You can't also forget. They HAVE tried multiple times. Isn't France involved in tons of African assinations

@nicobruin8618 Год назад

1:18 Probably should've used a image of Macmahon or Poincaré here instead of Louis XIV because you're talking about the third french empire during the late 1900"s.

@tricycle1814 11 месяцев назад

France GDP is more than 10 times that of all CFA members combined, the idea that it would dedicate so much efforts & resources just to plunder those countries is asinine. As of today the CFA is entirely under the control of African nations using it and they're no longer required to deposit their reserves in the Bank of France.

@ibrahimhassan711 10 месяцев назад

1 out of every 3 French lightbulbs is fueled by Niger's uranium while over 80% of people in Niger don't have electricity. The neocolonialism is so obvious. Africa is underdeveloped because they are over exploited

@stephenkramer7157 Год назад

Lots of countries have their currencies pegged to a reliable foreign one (almost always the USD) without these unequal bilateral agreements.

@KamiInValhalla Год назад

They might as well adopt the Euro. That would circumvent all of the issues with the CFA Franc but keep the advantages of a stable currency. They will all be able to keep 100% of their revenue.

@user-pc3nc3hg6w Год назад

Except the EU would never accept to let them join the eurozone.

@elite7329 Год назад

These countries would lose their ability to have a monetary policy of their own, Europe would be calling the shots.

@FidelCastro404 Год назад

@@elite7329 Do they have monetary policy now

@ivanbrezina7632 10 месяцев назад

Countries like Ecuador and Zimbabwe do not have own currency, they do use US Dollar instead.

@stivenstivens Год назад

I heard once long ago about African franc but i didn't know how this work. Thanks TLDR for explaining this for me :D

@skp8748 Год назад

They didn't they sanitized it

@kwakufrimpong5218 Год назад

They actually did a poor job here

@skp8748 Год назад

@@kwakufrimpong5218 purposefully France global web is beneficial to the EU from fishing rights off the coast of South America or military/rescue capability deep in the Pacific. All France asks in return is they manage their 'africa problem' without EU, UN, US, UK oversight. Think about the Vietnam war a freedom seeking democratic side Vs a french colonial backed military junta... America sided against freedom and democracy to help the French then came the communist angle

@dargaard93 Год назад

I have not seen a small but important point to the presentation : every currency deposed in french BDF from any CFA African country générates interests that are given back to African countries...

@baolmedia3881 Год назад

Senegal will start using the dinar and dirham

@tyler383v Год назад

Senegal had an average growth of 6% in the past decade. Well above its English neighbours. This is a deposit, meaning you get back that money. A deposit that was ended in 2019.

@redred7289 Год назад

This is the level of influence that brexiters think Britain has over the Commonwealth. But in reality the Commonwealth is just a talking shop with a sports day on the side.

@cj-ze8bu Год назад

They should change to Rand a true African currency

@somtimesieat2411 Год назад

Meloni should retake Savoy and Corsica fr fr

@yads6564 Год назад

😂

@mitonaarea5856 Год назад

She better do it quickly, if not those regions will turn African real quick.

@maxdel2879 Год назад

Great video, few corrections : Areva dosen't existeanymore, it's now orano and the military bases you show date back to a military operation called "barkane" it is nowover and most of french troops havemoved out of the sahel region.

@francoislechanceux5818 Год назад

Moving out of Mali is not the same as moving out of the Sahel. France is still heavily present in the sahel region.

@vertdragoon Год назад

Frankly it’s not ethical to keep this video posted after making such a basic error on Meloni’s comment. Furthermore, your take lacked so much nuance and balance on the value of the CFA. You basically just sustained the argument “pretty sus, huh?” the whole time without offering any counterpoints. Not what I’ve come to expect from you all.

@ambitecturous4741 10 месяцев назад

Well researched and balanced explanation. Thank$ for helping me under$tand the motivation$ behind the current coup in Niger.

@DirtyEdon Год назад

I'm sooo happy you've covered this!

@carkawalakhatulistiwa Год назад

Free Africa from western Eropa . #western hypocrisy

@dnpjj Год назад

@@carkawalakhatulistiwa And Free Africa from China.

@lanxy2398 Год назад

@Zaydan Alfariz Eastern Europe can’t stop fighting each other

@Anton-kp3mi Год назад

It is important to specify that all countries in the world deposit their foreign exchange reserves in the central banks of other countries. And also you forgot to mention that the African member states of the CFA Franc have the advantage of earning interest through their deposit at the Banque de France, while the other central banks in the world do not remunerate the foreign exchange reserves of these states.

@jouvertalandwa5337 Год назад

And the poorest countries in Africa, whose citizens are most desperate are former Francophone

@ahmedmehri Год назад

@@jouvertalandwa5337 I fact checked this and its genuinely insane how spot on you are! Fuck the french man!!

@damienpeladan481 Год назад

@@jouvertalandwa5337 Ethiopia ? Somalia ? Mozambique ? Sierra Leone ?

@walideg5304 Год назад

@@jouvertalandwa5337 not true…

@jouvertalandwa5337 Год назад

@@damienpeladan481 Ethiopia has been one Fastest growing economies in Africa despite its many challenges. Sierra Leone and Somalia have been plagued by years of Civil strife. However looking at former French colonies even the most peaceful ones, they under perform economically and remain very poor. That is the reason why many illegal immigrants from Africa to Europe are from French speaking African Countries.