Chinese Etymology 愛 - "Love" 

Ikr

They got rid of the woman and the kid :(

So I just found a blogpost by Sagart (link here stan.hypotheses.org/365 ) where he mentions that the OC word for "love" was 字 while the early meaning of 愛 was "to cherish" (why yes, this does mean I may need to make an update video! xD). As for 好, the verb (4th tone in Mandarin) is derived from the base meaning "good", and so the derivative was likely something like "to consider good" rather than "love". As an aside, 好 appears in Shang OBI but as a family name, the famous Lady "Hao", although her family name was more likely 子 with a female radical added to show that the name belonged to a woman, which was the standard way of naming women at the time.

找到老鄉了！多蒙關照！

@@SwedishSinologyNerd 超期待你以後發布的影片！

Oooooh! Let me know what they think!

Chinese traditional language is very meme-heavy! I’m planning on making a chengyu etymology video series that’s pretty much just “today’s 2000 year old meme is….” xD

Thank you for being patient with my awful uploading schedule!

No, thank YOU for sticking with me!

Thank you! I’m happy you find the videos useful! I’ll be talking about Japanese kokuji, kana and other scripts derived from Chinese characters as well in the future! ^^

A fellow man of taste and culture I see!

A fellow man of culture I see!

Thank you for your support! =)

贊同！

That’s the Wormwood special, highly specific and very dank references (cause I’m old and weird lol)!

May wanna get that checked out my friend

Oh sh't I sound like Wieger? xD I certainly wouldn't mind having a sinology penpal!

You're correct that he semantic-phonetic explanation is entirely adequate to explain the character, but many characters do have double semantic-phonetic components, and it's a common pedagogic technique to make little stories about Hanzi to make them stick better in the learner's head, so I've tried to strike a balance while being as faithful to the material as possible, whether I suceeded or not is of course, another question entirely xD

Lol, I’ll take that as a compliment! XD

始皇帝統一天下前之文字資料確實不多，主要有甲骨文（主要代表商、周代朝廷用字習慣）、石金文（周代以及春秋戰國各國）以及由楚國墳墓出土的竹錦文。其中楚國的特用文字現在瞭解的比較多，不過不能100%定論因爲竹錦文雖然從楚墓挖出來，但作者是否楚國的人無法知道，因此所謂的”楚文“亦很可能包括齊、韓、魯、吳等等國家的寫法特點。春秋各國金鼎文字一樣。 另一個問題就是個人原因，古人與現代人對漢字的理解不太一樣，提筆忘字的時候習慣通假，遇到避諱字用異體字、缺筆字、同義字等替代，十分靈活。咱們看現存的出土資料呢，怎麽決定某某漢字是天下統用字？是某國特用字？是某筆者自造習慣寫法？ 鯫生孤陋寡聞，瞭解的不多，維於漢語感興趣而已，無法給你一個很好的答案，請海涵！

@@SwedishSinologyNerd 明白了,那個時代的文字真的好自由啊.

Lol, that's just a quirk from being taught that repetitive writing is a cardinal sin (reinforced by peer pressure from ancient Chinese and Mayan scribes lol). I know it's silly but sometimes the brain does not brain logically xD

If so it was unintentional, I haven’t played touhou, I just know the sakuya theme xD

Through lots of hard work lol. I’m making a series on 文言文 but until then I can recommend Classical Chinese for Everyone by Van Norden.

Sure thing! And thanks for the video idea lol ^^ 冰淇淋 is a loanword from English, 冰 = ice and 淇淋 is a phonetic approximation of the word "cream", the reason why it doesn't sound like "cream" in Mandarin is because the word probably entered Chinese via another language like Cantonese or southern Min. This makes 冰淇淋 both a calque AND a phonetic loan.

@@SwedishSinologyNerd That's interesting, and nice to know. You're amazing at this if you answered within an hour. Would you know if the choice of characters was purely phonetic, or they put some thought into which ones they would use? I recognize the water radical both characters

@@torshavnnewellMany phonetic loans in chinese go through a development where they're first written purely phonetic, with semantic elements added later (if possible). Compare the Cantonese 忌廉 (which in Cantonese is a near-homophone to 淇淋) where there are no semantic components at all. This development trend isn't as strong in Modern Chinese though because the digital medium doesn't easily lend itself to coining new characters, while in say, the 19th and early 20 the century you could just add a radical to a phonetic loan and presto, new character.

@@SwedishSinologyNerd Thanks. I love the idea of creating new characters, and I wish it was done more. Not just to give characters to meanings, but also to mash up a few radicals and see what meaning you can interpret. I've made one before actually. It was the woman character within the door character. Like 閉, except it's 女 instead of a hand (I think it's supposed to be a hand).

@@torshavnnewellHmmm, so 女inside 門(youtube couldn’t display the character it seems)? Kangxi lists it as a variation of 闖 but if Vietnamese Chu Nom or Japanese kokkun taught me anything it's that a character's meaning is sometimes just vibes xD The 才 in 閉 is actually not a hand but a representation of the lock on ancient doors, similar to the component in 關 (double lock + rope/chains tied around the lock, for extra security). 才 itself is a pictogram of a wooden stake or pole in the ground, signifying a place (original form of 在, which was phonetically extended with 士) and was later borrowed for the homophone meaning "skill, talent". I've seen some warring states glyphs which add a heart radical underneath, some scholars interpret it as being used specifically for the meaning "skill and talent" but the jury's still out on the exact reading. Sorry 'bout the text-wall btw, I get excited about these things ^^;

"Maybe it's love, maybe it's that grilled cheese I had last night, but baby when I see ya I feel like throwing up" xD

Dangerous indeed, I took a course in Chinese once and suddenly I’d lived in China for a decade xD

Botched quote from Mencius xD

Ikr, that's why I say they dropped the ball big time because they omitted the core element/radical

TH > T / D TS > S / Ş Thuith >Tuits > Tiss / Diş = tooth (dental) Thuıth > Thuıts > Tuıss / Dış = outer ( external) Thuss > - Suz = (- Less) >>without it / free from it / it's got rid of that Dışarı / Dış taraf = outside Dışsal = external Dışı = out of... (Suz)> Sız/siz - Suz/süz = without / less Kanat = Wing /Kanatsız = Wingless Su= water > Su-suz = water-less / anhydrous Suç =crime > Suçsuz=innocent (freed from blame) Şeker= Sugar > Şekersiz= without sugar / sugar free Kitap= book / Kitapsız = without books / free from books Ücret = fee / ücretsiz = free /ücret dışı =out of fee Gereksiz = needless / İhtiyaç dışı/ lüzumsuzca =unnecessary Kanunsuz/hukuksuz = unlawful / Kanun dışı = outside the law Hukuk-yasa =law > Yasal =legal / Yasadışı = illegal Görüş = sight / görüş dışı = out of sight Sadık -vefalı-vefakar= loyal / sadakatsiz-vefasız= disloyal Beğeni = like / beğeni dışı= dislike Bağlantı = connect / bağlantı dışı=disconnect (LIĞ-LUĞ) (aluk=has got) LI- Li-Lu-Lü ekleri sahiplik ve dahiliyet ekleridir... (Have)(~With) (Dış- Thuıss) Siz-Sız-Suz-Süz ekleri “İçermemek” , "sahip olmamak" , “ondan azade olmak” veya "mahrumiyet" anlamına gelen bu ekler, bir şeyin dahilinde olmayışı ifade eder. (Have no)( ~without) (...less) O benim sevgi-li-m = (~s/he has my love)= s/he is my lover İki çocuk-lu kadın= (which) the woman has two children Çocuksuz adam = (which) the man has no child Şekerli =(it has sugar) = with sugar Şekersiz= (it has no sugar) = without sugar = ~sugar free= şekerden azade Tuzlu =it has salt =salty Tuzsuz= it has no salt = without salt = saltless Gitmelisin (git-mek-li-sen)= you have to go Gitmen gerekli (gitmek-in gerek-li) = you have need to go Gitmen gerekir (gitmek-in gerek-e-er) = you need to go

Yeğ / Yüğ = upper, superior Yeğ-mek > Yemek (to eat)= to add on oneself, to receive into one's essence Yeğ-im> Yem= provender, fodder > Yemiş= fruit Yüğ-le-mek > yeğlemek = to keep it on top of others, make it relatively superior, ~to prefer Yüğ-ka-yer-u > yukarı =(which side is on top) = Up Yüğ-ce > yüce = superior in level /sublime Yüğ-ce-al-mek > yücelmek = to achieve superiority in level Yüğ-sü-ek > yüksek = high Yüğ-sel > yüksel = exponential , superlative Yüğ-sü-al-mek> yükselmek = to rise to a high level, to ascend Yüğ-sük > yüzük =(ring)= jewelry worn on the finger top Yüğ-sü-en-mek > yüksünmek= to feel slighted / take offended Yüğ-ük > yük =(load)> carried on top, undertaken Yüğ-ün > yün =(wool)> the feathers that on sheep Yüğ-üt > yiğit =(valiant)> superior in character Yüğ-en > yüğen /yeğen =(nephew)> which is kept superior, held in high esteem, valued, precious (yüen > yen 元) Yüğ-en-cük > yüğençiğ > yinçi / inci =(precious little thing)> pearl , 珍珠 Yüğengi >yengi> yeni =(new)> what's coming on top of , what's coming after Yüğenge > yenge =(brother's wife)> came over marriage, added to the family later (new bride) Yüğ-üne /Yeğ-ine > yine/ gene =again /over and over > yeniden = anew /once more Yüğ-en-mek> yenmek = to overcome, to cope with, to subdue Yüğ-en-el-mek > yenilmek= to be overcame, to be subdued, to show weakness Yüğengil > yengil =remains on top of, light, weak Şan= Glory, splendor 單于 > Şan-Yüğ =Exalted glorious Yormak=to tire= to arrive over someone (too many). (too much) to go onto (Yörmek)> Örmek=(to operate on something), to weave on top , to wrap onto (Yör-et-mek)> Örtmek= to cover (Yörümek)> Yürümek= to go over something, to wander around (yöre=precincts) (yörük=nomad) Yürümek= to walk (yürü=go on) Yülümek=to go by slipping over something Yalamak= to lick >~to take swiping/ by scraping on something off Yolmak= to pluck=to pull by snatching off, tear off (~flatten the top) Yılmak=to throw down from the one's own top (~get bored), to hit the ground from above (yıldırım=lightning…yıldız=star) Yurmak= to pull onto, cover over (yur-ut>yurt=tabernacle) (yur-gan>yorgan=quilt) Yırmak=to bring it on top of, to take it off (yırışmak>yarışmak= to race> to overcome each other) (Yır-et-mak)>Yırtmak= to tear, to take from inside-out or bottom to top (by pulling from both sides) (~tide over, ~get rid of it) Yarmak= to split in, to tear apart, to halve, separate by cutting off Yaratmak= to reveal it, bring it out, to create Yermek=to pull down ,pull to the ground Germek=to tense= to pull it in all directions > Sermek= to spread it in all directions Yıkmak= to overthrow , take down from top to bottom, turn upside down Yığmak= to stack= put on top of each other, dump on top of each other (yığlamak=shed tears over and over, cry over) Yağmak=get rained on, get spilled on / to pour down from above Yakmak= to burn out=to purify matter by heating and removing mass , reduce its volume Yoğmak=make condensed=to tighten and purify, narrow by turning, get rid of own volume (~get dead) Yoğurmak= to knead=tighten and thicken , reduce volume, bring to consistency (Yogurt=thickened milk product) Yuğmak=to purify squeezing to clean (Yuğamak>yıkamak= to wash) Yiv = sharp, pointed (yivlemek= sharpen the tip) Yuvmak=to squeezing thin out, narrow (yuvka>yufka= thin dough) (yuvka>yuka=thin, shallow) (yuvuz>yavuz=thin, weak, delicate) Yuvarlamak=to round off=narrow by turning (yuva (smallest shelter)= nest) (yavru (smallest)= cub ) Yummak=to shut by squeezing, close tightly Yumurmak=make it closes inward (yumruk=fist) (yumurta= egg) Yumuşmak=be completely enclosed by oneself (yumuşak=soft )

TH > T / D TS > S / Ş Thuith >Tuits > Tiss / Diş = tooth (dental) Thuıth > Thuıts > Tuıss / Dış = outer ( external) Thuss > - Suz = (- Less) >>without it / free from it / it's got rid of that Dışarı / Dış taraf = outside Dışsal = external Dışı = out of... (Suz)> Sız/siz - Suz/süz = without / less Kanat = Wing /Kanatsız = Wingless Su= water > Su-suz = water-less / anhydrous Suç =crime > Suçsuz=innocent (freed from blame) Şeker= Sugar > Şekersiz= without sugar / sugar free Kitap= book / Kitapsız = without books / free from books Ücret = fee / ücretsiz = free /ücret dışı =out of fee Gereksiz = needless / İhtiyaç dışı/ lüzumsuzca =unnecessary Kanunsuz/hukuksuz = unlawful / Kanun dışı = outside the law Hukuk-yasa =law > Yasal =legal / Yasadışı = illegal Görüş = sight / görüş dışı = out of sight Sadık -vefalı-vefakar= loyal / sadakatsiz-vefasız= disloyal Beğeni = like / beğeni dışı= dislike Bağlantı = connect / bağlantı dışı=disconnect (LIĞ-LUĞ) (aluk=has got) LI- Li-Lu-Lü ekleri sahiplik ve dahiliyet ekleridir... (Have)(~With) (Dış- Thuıss) Siz-Sız-Suz-Süz ekleri “İçermemek” , "sahip olmamak" , “ondan azade olmak” veya "mahrumiyet" anlamına gelen bu ekler, bir şeyin dahilinde olmayışı ifade eder. (Have no)( ~without) (...less) O benim sevgi-li-m = (~s/he has my love)= s/he is my lover İki çocuk-lu kadın= (which) the woman has two children Çocuksuz adam = (which) the man has no child Şekerli =(it has sugar) = with sugar Şekersiz= (it has no sugar) = without sugar = ~sugar free= şekerden azade Tuzlu =it has salt =salty Tuzsuz= it has no salt = without salt = saltless Gitmelisin (git-mek-li-sen)= you have to go Gitmen gerekli (gitmek-in gerek-li) = you have need to go Gitmen gerekir (gitmek-in gerek-e-er) = you need to go

NATURAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS (akar-eser / eser-eger) (su AKAR- yel ESER) = water flows - wind blows EĞER / ISE = (EVEN / IF) (yel ESER- ekin EĞER)= the wind blows and bows the crops ISE / EĞER = (IF / EVER) EĞER / İSE and İSE / EĞER constructs are used to specify "conditions" and are often used interchangeably. ISE EĞER: means "If ever" and indicates a condition that is more likely to occur. "If ever you need any help, just let me know." (Yardıma ihtiyacın olursa eğer, sadece haberim olsun) or (Herhangi bir yardıma ihtiyaç duyarsan, bana haber vermen yeterli) “If I'm not tired, we can visit them in the evening.” = “Yorgun değilsem eğer, akşamleyin onları ziyaret edebiliriz” EĞER ISE: means "Even if" and indicates a condition that is less likely to occur. "Even if it rains tomorrow, I will go for a walk." (Yarın yürüyüşe çıkacağım, eğer yağmur yağıyor olsa da ) or (Yarın yağmur yağsa bile yürüyüşe çıkacağım.) “Why should i go to work, (even) if I'm not getting my salary” = Eğer maaşımı alamıyorsam, neden işe gideyim ki.

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