That's so cool, I never knew that you can calculate the amount of the population in Civ games! Either way, the city of Rome being tens of millions at the end of the era does make sense, because in real life, we have cities like Chang'An with a millions of population before any European cities can. Given there are a certain resources that can sustain that population, like Rice 🍚.
Yeah, I'm happy I was able to find and verify the formula. I think I was initially so jarred by the size difference from 5 and 6 to civ 7, but yeah you're totally right. Especially with the cities in civ including rural and suburban environments in their borders, so it logically includes the pop outside the city proper. Also the Civ 5 populations were so low anyways that they don't really make sense a lot of times anyway