5. Principles of AM Modulators (04 Periods) Circuit Diagram and working operation of: a) Collector and Base Modulator b) Square Low Modulator c) Balanced Modulator 6. Principles of FM Modulators (04 Periods) 6.1 Working principles and applications of reactance modulator, varactor diode modulator, VCO and Armstrong phase modulator. 6.2 Stabilization of carrier using AFC (Block diagram approach). 7. Demodulation of AM Waves 7.1 Principles of demodulation of AM wave using diode detector circuit
9. Pulse Modulation (05 Periods) 9.1 Basic concepts of time division multiplexing (TDM) and frequency division multiplexing (FDM) 9.2 Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), Pulse Position Modulation (PPM), Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). 10. Pulse Code Modulation (05 Periods) 10.1 Basic concept of sampling theorem, quantization, coding and Shanon’s theorem. 10.2 Types of PCM system and its application(Basic idea only) 10.3 Digital modulation techniques. (ASK, FSK,PSK, DPSK (Brief idea only) 11. Radio Transmitter (05 Periods) 11.1 Classification of transmitters on the basis of power, frequency and modulation. 11.2 Block diagram of an AM transmitters and working of each stage. Low level and High level modulation. 11.3 Block diagram and working principle of reactance tube and Armstrong FM transmitters 12. Radio Receiver. (05 Periods) 12.1 Brief description of crystal and TRF radio receivers; Need for and principles of super heterodyne radio receiver. 12.2 Block diagram of super- heterodyne AM receiver, function of each block
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