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1. Auxins
Auxin is the first plant hormone/growth substance discovered. The term comes from the Greek word, auxein means "to grow". Compounds are generally considered as auxins if they are synthesized by the plant and have similar activity to Indole-3- acetic acid (IAA).
Functions of Auxin
The following are some of the responses that auxin is known to cause
1. Stimulates cell loosening, expansion and elongation.
2. Initiation of adventitious roots on stem cuttings
3. Lateral root development in tissue culture
2. Gibberellins
Functions of Gibberellins
1. Physiological processes stimulated by active gibberellins depend on their types.
2. Stimulate cell elongation in stem
3. Breaks seed dormancy in some plants which requires light for germination
4. Stimulates bolting/flowering in response to long days
5. Delay senescence in leaves and also in citrus fruits
6. Play a role in development of seedless fruit (parthenocarpic).
3. Cytokinins
In Cytokinin, cyto = cell + kinin = division, i.e. meaning is cell division. Cytokinin is also called as cytokine. These are the compounds resembling with adenine (aminopurine) which stimulates cell division.
4. Ethylene
Ethylene has simplest structure among all the plant hormones. It is a gaseous compound that has effects like an abscisic acid. Flower opening stimulates fruit ripening
Discovery of Ethylene
R. Gane in 1934 reported that plants synthesize ethylene. Afterwards in 1935 Crocker considered ethylene as a plant hormone. When gas chromatography was introduced in 1959, the importance and physiological significance of ethylene as a plant growth regulator was recognized.
Functions of Ethylene
1. Ethylene is known to affect the following plant processes
2. Induce shoot and root growth and also differentiation
3. Stimulates the growth/release of dormancy
4. Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission
5. Stimulates Bromiliad flower induction
6. Induction of femaleness in dioecious flowers
7. Stimulates flower senescence, leaf senescence
5. Abscisic Acid
Abscisic acid (ABA) controls several physiological processes in plants and best known for regulatory role in abiotic stresses like drought and high salinity. It promotes stomatal closing by which plants enable to adapt to water stress (desiccation tolerance). It also controls seed germination, vegetative growth and bud dormancy
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26 сен 2024
