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Lipids are the substance of animal and plant origin. Generally insoluble in water, Comprises of
fixed oils, fats & waxes, Obtained by expression or extraction method.
Classification of lipids
SIMPLE LIPIDS
These are esters of fatty acids with various types of alcohols. Example fixed oil fat and waxes
FIXED OIL & FATS
Differ only according to their melting point, chemically belongs to the same group.
1. Fixed oils: Substances are found to be present in a liquid at room temperature.Example Arachis oil, olive oil, castor oil
2. Fats: These are found to be either in a solid/semi-solid state at this temperature. Chemically they are mixtures of glycerides - esters of glycerol with fatty acids. Theobroma
3. Waxes: esters of monohydric alcohols of high molecular weight with fatty acids of high molecular weight. E.g. the fat obtained from spermaceti. beeswax
Properties of triglycerols in natural fats and in natural fats and oils:
1. Nonpolar and hydrophobic and hydrophobic
2. No ionic charges
3. Solid triglycerols (Fats) - high proportions of saturated fatty acids.
4. Liquid triglycerols (Oils) - high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids.
5. Hydrolysis of triglycerols: Triglycerols Triglycerols like any other esters react with water to form their carboxylic acid and alcohol acid and alcohol - a process known as hydrolysis.
6. In the laboratory and commercial production of soap, hydrolysis of fats and oils is usually carried out by strong aqueous bases such as NaOH and KOH and is called and KOH and is called saponification.
7. In general, are soluble in organic solvents such as ether and chloroform and are insoluble in water.
Uses
1 Different lipids used as excipients in cosmetics and medicines. Examples almond oil, apricot oil, avocado oil, borage oil, coffee oil, safflower oil, etc from animal source, fish oil and bird oil can be employed as excipients in cosmetical formulations
2. These substances are used as a vehicle for therapeutic substances, such as liposomes. or nutritional supplements. Carotenoids, retinoids, tocopherols are used for their antioxidant properties, that are important to health and diagnostic medicine.
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16 сен 2024
