Cognitive Psychology - Judgment and Decision Making Pt1 - Heuristics, Biases, Fallacies 

Here we'll introduce some common heuristics (cognitive shortcuts) the brain uses when making judgments and decisions, as well as some example biases and fallacies in our reasoning.
This is a lecture video for a university course in Cognitive Psychology taught by Dr. Brian W. Stone. You may wish to play it at x1.25 speed. As with anything taught at the undergraduate level the information here may be simplified, and at higher levels of study there is more nuance to all of it.